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Simona Arletti, President of Italian Healthy Cities

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Page 1: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Simona Arletti, President of Italian Healthy Cities

Page 2: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

WHO Healthy Cities Network

• Currently consists of 1300 cities / 165 million people supported by National Healthy Cities Networks in 30 countries

• 81 WHO flagship cities, plus 9 applicant cities, 16 expressed interest = 106 cities in total

• Phase VI (2014 – 2018) marks 30 years of knowledge, experience and innovation

• Three pronged approaches: political commitment; technical excellence; community participation

• In Italy we are about 70 cities and we are a legally recognised Association of municipalities

Page 3: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Health is  a political choice because…

• It is unequally distributed• Many health determinants depend on political action• Health is a critical issue of human rights and citizenship• The politics of health are also driven by a range of factors such as, the nature and urgency of problems, demands by citizens, new information technologies, pressure on budgets, new forms of service delivery

• Political determinants ‐ how different power constellations, institutions, processes, interests and ideological positions ‐ impact on health within different political systems and cultures and at different levels of governance (local, national and international)

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Page 4: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Main challenges

• Aging populations, • Climate change • Environmental challenges• Inequalities, economic & social challenges• Migration & urbanisation• Non Communicable Diseases, health threats• Governance

Page 5: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Working to improve health for all and reducing the health divide

Improving leadership, and participatory governance 

for health

Investing in health through a life‐course approach and empowering 

people

Tackling Europe’s major 

health challenges: NCDs and 

communicable diseases 

Strengthening people‐centred health systems, public health capacities and emergency 

preparedness, surveillance and response

Creating resilient 

communities and supportive environments

Health 2020: four common policy priorities for health 

Resilience as a strategic objective of European strategy “Health 2020”

Page 6: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

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UN ‐ AGENDA 2030

Page 7: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Healthy Cities Network &

The SDGs are fully aligned with Health 2020 ‐with goals and themes based on Health 2020, the WHO European Healthy Cities Network is well prepared to support their implementation at the local level.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by world leaders in September 2015 officially came into force in 2016

The SGDs aim to end poverty, fight inequalities and build economic growth, addressing a range of social needs including education, health, social protection, and job opportunities, while tackling climate change and environmental protection.

While all goals are relevant for Healthy Cities, the SDGs include a specific goal on cities –

Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Page 8: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

HEALTHY CITIES PHASE VII – 2018 /2023

Page 9: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action
Page 10: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

The six Phase VII core themes

• Investing in the people who make up our cities• Designing urban places that improve health and well‐being• Greater participation and partnerships for health and well‐being• Improved community prosperity and access to common goods and services• Promoting peace and security through inclusive societies• Protect the planet from degradation, leading by example and including through sustainable consumption and production

Page 11: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Overview of themes

Page 12: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

PLANET

Theme 6: Protect the planet from degradation, leading by example, including through sustainable consumption and production  

Among the Priority issues there is «Climate change»

Demonstrating the relationship between sustainable development and health is a powerful argument to support climate change mitigation and adaptation and sustainable development in general. Health outcomes can be measured and can generate public and political interest. The health sector is one of the most intensive users of energy, a major source of employment and a significant producer of waste, including biological and radioactive waste. Important opportunities to improve the environment are therefore emerging from the greening of health services. The health sector also has an essential part to play in mitigating the effects of climate change and in reducing environmental exposure by taking steps to limit its own significant climate footprint and its negative impact on the environment. 

Page 13: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

PLACE

Theme 2: Designing urban places that improve health and well‐being 

A healthy city leads by example, with the social, physical and cultural environments aligned to create a place that is actively inclusive, and facilitates the pursuit of health and well‐being for all 

Among the Priority issues there is «Green spaces»

Green spaces in urban areas positively affect health. Many measures taken at the local level produce major health benefits. Where there are public green spaces and forests, people use them to walk, play, and cycle, turning physical activity into an integral part of their daily lives, reducing the risk of injuries and the urban heat‐island effect, reducing stress levels and noise pollution and increasing social life. Public green space can also contribute to flood management. 

Page 14: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

• The world  economy:  cities = 80% of world GDP, impact on land use and activities.

• The environment: imperative to both mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change and address other environmental and health issues (preservation of green spaces, e.g.).

• Changing demographics:  older population requiring age friendly infrastructures and services. 

• Change in burden of diseases related to sedentary behaviours , prioritisation of active travel e.g. 

• Technological advances/smart cities: improve the way citizens experience their cities (e.g. public transport, air quality; social connections) but threaten mainstream economy (air B&B, Uber taxi).

Major drivers of change in European cities today influencing the place agenda

Page 15: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

City living: beneficial for health and wellbeing (prosperity, progressive politics, social, educational advancement) BUT new economic, social and environmental drivers mean that cities face new health and environmental challenges. 

• Air pollution: single largest environmental health risk in Europe (ambient air pollution: 500,000 premature deaths); heart disease, stroke; economic cost of death and disease from air pollution in WHO Euro region estimated at $1.6 trillion.

• Noise: 73M European citizens exposed to average daily road traffic noise above 55 dB (WHO night time limit  40dB).

• Water and sanitation: 62M people (2015) in the WHO Europe region did not have access to adequate toilets (more than half lived in cities). 

• Housing: 100,000 deaths due to inadequate housing conditions. 

‐ Trends: in obesity, ageing, road traffic injuries, mental health issues in cities…

The burden of disease and environmental issues in European cities today

Page 16: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Growing mismatch between demand for and supply of urban resources: urban areas use 70% of global energy and are responsible for 70% of global energy related CO2 emissions.

• Cities carbon footprint  greater than the land they cover altering the global ecological and environmental system: not be visible to city dwellers ‐ limits behaviour change.  

• Housing stock responsible for 40% of national energy consumption in UNECE region; vehicle emissions are main cause of ambient air pollution. 

• Solutions: compact cities, reduction in need for motorised transport, encourage active travel, local energy production, higher building standards, green spaces, urban forestation.

The city, natural resources and health: key drivers influencing the place agenda

Page 17: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

What are we doing? Some examples from the Italian Network

1. Molfetta Manifesto on resilient cities2. Genova Chart on urban voids3. Healthy cities and air quality: best practices4. Urban forestation 

Page 18: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

11th and 12th April 2014, Molfetta:“The resilience of communities to promote health : being opened to new life‐styles” 

Manifesto of Molfetta for a resilient city

A resilient city is today a city that knows how to develop responses that strengthen the identity and the sense of community by transforming the " crisis " into an opportunity for renewal.  The ten points of the manifesto try to collect all the important aspects connected to resilience in the government of the city. (Here following there are the ten points of the Manifesto of Molfetta for a resilient city).

1. A city that does not accept the white deaths, traffic and domestic accidents, making workers and citizens aware of the risks and helping them to withstand adversity.

2. A city where urban planning is built on attention to the custody of the quality of water, air and soil, essential common goods to the base of the primary needs of all citizens.

Page 19: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

4. A city that invest in the typical products of local agriculture, protecting and promoting biodiversity, giving up the wastage of natural resources from the perspective of an " ethics agriculture".  A welcoming city that ensures quality of life and safety because the "right to the city" is guaranteed to allregardless of gender, age, culture, origin and state of health.

5. An attractive, creative and innovative city because it invests in culture as "food of the mind" and integral part of people's health, and therefore able to attract investment and promote economic quality development.

6. A city where civil protection is based on risk prevention, the active involvement of social voluntary and the widespread community and not only on the response to emergencies.

7. A city that knows how to involve, since the designing of healthy choices, families, schools, associations and movements, the world of production and consumers, in order to ensure that the choices are not imposedfrom above but matured and activated from below.

8. A city that combines the professionalism, local policies, and the institutional levels that shares best practices with other cities through networks.

9. A city that bases its knowledge on certain data and on a systematic alliance with local experts, universitiesand research institutions to develop the best policies on the environment and people's health. A city in which the dissemination of information on environment and health is directly accessible to all, in a transparent way and not influenced by private interests, also thanks to the responsibility of the press.

Page 20: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Genova Chart: renew public buildings, unused green areas and urban voids in general, to give new meaning and interest to the public city in order to foster health

Page 21: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

Report on best practices to fight air pollution. Cities of: Bologna, Bolzano, Cagliari, Cremona, Curtatone, Ferrara, Latina, Milano, Modena, Padova, Torino, Udine, Zero Branco…

Page 22: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action
Page 23: Arletti, Presidentof Italian Healthy Cities€¦ · Health is a political choice because… • It is unequally distributed • Many health determinants depend on political action

THANKS!

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