Arizona Forest Health Program (AZFH) Federal FY 2005 Report

(October 1, 2004 to September 30, 2005)

Thomas E. DeGomez State Forest Health Specialist

AZ Forest Health Program (UAFH) University of Arizona School of Natural Resources

and Cooperative Extension

Cooperators

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Surveys a. Aerial b. Ground c. Forest Health Conditions Report d. National Forest Health Monitoring Management Team

II. Educational Outreach

a) Publications/media b) Training and Workshops

III. Technical Assistance to Non-federal Municipalities & Private

IV. County Visits

V. Administration of Funds for Suppression Prevention

a) Forest Health Restoration Grants b) Invasive Plants Management

VI. Youth Education

a) After-schools-program

VII. Additional Funding Applications a) Research b) Rural Communities Fuel Management Program

VIII. County Extension Reports Appendix A – Forest Insect Incidence (acres) Appendix B – Administration of Funds for Suppression and Prevention

Note: The topics covered in this report are based upon the cooperative agreement between USDA-FS Region 3 Forest Health and the University of Arizona School of Natural Resources to conduct the “Forest Health Protection and Education in the State of Arizona”, dated January 25, 2002. Forest Service Cooperative Agreement # 02-CA-11031600-023. I. Surveys

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a.Aerial In FY04 University of Arizona coordinated with Forest Service R3FHP to divide the state so that UAFH and FHP would not have to fly areas twice. UA was given the northwest section of Arizona to aerial sketch-map (approx. 1,059,804 acres). UAFH contracted with Arizona Game and Fish Department aviation division to supply aircraft and pilot to conduct the missions. Three flights were taken from September 13 to 15. The computerized digital sketch mapping system that was configured by USDA-FS Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team was deployed. The system is comprised of a lap top computer with Microsoft Windows, Geolink v6.2.10.9, ArcView GIS v3.2a; digital touch screen; and power converter. The system worked exceptionally well. The post processing of the information was conducted with assistance from Kelly Barton, UAFH Research Technician. In general UA flew: the Hualapai Mountains south of Kingman; the Hualapai Reservation including the Music Mountains, and the Aubrey Cliffs region south of the Grand Canyon; forested areas north of the Grand Canyon surrounding Mt. Dellenbaugh and Mt. Trumbull; and the Tusayan Ranger District Kaibab National Forest and the Grand Canyon National Park south of the rim. These maps have been incorporated with the maps created by USFS-R3 FHP and will be subsequently published by FHP. (See appendix A for 2005 table of forest insect incidence.) b. Ground Ground surveys were conducted via the placement of bark beetle pheromone traps in various areas of the state. Traps were installed in mid-April and were checked weekly until early-November. Pheromone traps were put out in the following locations: Hualapai Mtns.: two traps (Ips pini and I. confuses). Payson Region (Strawberry to Young: 30 traps (10 each of I. pini, I. lecontei and Dendroctonus brevicomis). Flagstaff region (Clints Wells to Kendrick Peak): 60 traps (10 each of I. pini, I. lecontei and Dendroctonus brevicomis).

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Flagstaff region: (East and north of San Francisco Peaks): 10 traps (10 each of I. confuses). Sedona region (Village of Oak Creek to Boyington Canyon: 10 traps (10 each of I. confuses). Santa Catalina Mtns.: 10 tussock moth traps.

c. Forest Health Conditions Report

In general 2005 followed the trend in 2004 with significantly lower incidence of pine bark beetles than was experienced in 2002 and 2003. For the second year in a row the aerial survey of 2005 found nearly a ten fold decrease in the number of acres affected by pine bark beetles. Whereas in the higher elevation conifers (spruce, and true fir) the decrease from 2004 to 2005 was only about 65% and 20% respecitively, and the acres of Douglas-fir affected actually increased 43%. The number of requests for information on bark beetles from non-federal municipalities and private land managers dropped significantly in 2005 from 2002-03 levels. Bark Beetles Reports of pine bark beetle (Ips and Dentroctonus spp.) caused mortality on private properties came from Coconino, Yavapai, Mohave, Gila, Navajo and Apache counties. This problem has greatly reduced Arizona. Compared to 2002 – 2004 there has been a ten-fold decrease in reports of mortality. Cypress bark beetle (Phloeosinus) caused minimal amounts of mortality in riparian areas in Arizona. Banded Elm Bark Beetle (Scolytus schevyrewi) was found in the fall of 2004 feeding in elm trees in Prescott, AZ. No additional sites were reported in 2005 Conifer Defoliators Tussock moth traps in the Santa Catalina Mtns. were negative.

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Aspen diseases and insects Aspen die-back continues to be common place in natural stands. Frost events in 1999, severe to extreme drought in the late 1990’s and early 2000’s, coupled with intense elk browsing on new sprouts has led to many clones failing. It appears to be most prevalent at elevations between 7,500 and 8,500 feet. Acres defoliated increased to 47,189 ac. from 28,893 in 2004. Cryptosphaeria canker was commonly reported in the Flagstaff area on aspen in urban landscapes. This highly infectious disease kills aspen. Hypoxylon and Encoelia cankers though common in native stands were not reported in urban landscapes. Foliar diseases on aspen were common including leaf spot and rusts. American hornet moth (Sesia tibialis), although not a problem in native stands, continues to kill most age classes of aspen in urban landscapes. Larval feeding in the root crown destroys the vascular tissue and stability of the tree. This insect is responsible for trees being wind-thrown any time of the year. Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) is found commonly in urban landscapes throughout northern Arizona on aspen. It feeds upon the phloem of mature trees and if left unchecked kills mature trees. Other Yellow-shafted flicker (sapsucker) damage was very common on many tree species throughout northern Arizona. Tent caterpillars (Malacosoma spp.) were found throughout northern Arizona feeding upon deciduous trees in urban landscapes. Porcupine, elk and deer caused excessive damage to young landscape trees of many species throughout the region. One disturbing report was from a private land owner who was encouraged by a private pesticide applicator to spray and inject insecticides for a supposed bark beetle problem in a piñon pine. Upon inspection the problem was porcupine damage!

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d. National Forest Health Monitoring Management Team The UAFH Specialist served as the western regional representative for state and private on the National Forest Health Monitoring Management Team. He met with the committee in San Antonio and via conference call on numerous occasions to discuss and make recommendations about the national forest health monitoring program. UAFH Specialist served on the USFS sponsored 2004 Forest Health Monitoring Annual Conference committee. Co-chaired the plenary panel discussion. Served on the USFS sponsored intermountain west Evaluation Monitoring grant selection committee. II. Educational Outreach

a. Publications/media

• DeGomez, T.E. 2005. Firewood and bark beetles in the southwest. University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Bulletin, AZ1370. Tucson, Arizona.

• DeGomez, T.E. Preventing bark beetle attacks on conifers with insecticides . (Submitted for publication with University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, June 2005).

• DeGomez, T.E and B. Ceyala. Piñon bark beetles. (Submitted for publication with University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, March 2005).

• DeGomez, T.E. Guidelines for thinning ponderosa pine for improved forest health and fire prevention. (Submitted for publication with University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, July 2005).

• DeGomez, T.E., C. J. Hayes, J. A. Anhold, J. D. McMillin, K. M. Clancy, and P. P. Bosu. Evaluation of Insecticides for Protecting Southwestern Ponderosa Pines from Attack by Engraver Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). (Submitted for publication in Journal of Economic Entomology, September 2005).

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FH Website – The UA Forest Health Web Site has had numerous updates in 2004 including: quarterly news releases, pest photos, links to other FH web sites, technical information on spraying for bark beetle prevention, 2001 to 2004 aerial survey maps and tables showing bark beetle damage in Arizona, and workshop announcements. The website had a total of 52,412 pageviews from 20,989 sessions. Biannual News Releases – News releases were distributed to the media and other interested parties updating the state of the bark beetle outbreak in Arizona on a biannual basis. Media Advisory Group - The Arizona Bark Beetle Task Force was organized with members from University of Arizona, Northern Arizona University, USFS, Arizona State Land Department, & Arizona Public Service. This group was designed to insure that a consistent message was being presented on the state of the bark beetle outbreak in Arizona. This group meets quarterly. Three interviews with media outlets (newspapers, T.V., radio) – These included: Arizona News Radio, Arizona Daily Sun, KNAZ.

b. Training and Workshops County Supported Workshops

• Oct. 21, 04 – Forest health presentation, Master Naturalist Training Session.

• Feb. 24, 05 – Insect biology basics, Master Gardener Training Session. • Mar. 1, 05 – Bark beetle presentation, Coconino Youth Crew. • Mar. 8, 05 – Forest Health Seminar, Docent training, Flagstaff. • Apr. 5, 05 – Insect biology basics, Master Gardener Training Session. • Apr. 9, 05 – Trees and construction damage, Keep Sedona Beautiful. • Apr. 13, 05 – Forest Health Seminar, Coconino Community College. • Apr. 14, 05 – Forest Health Seminar, Coconino Community College. • Apr. 26, 05 – School of Forestry field trip for foreign visitor. • June 22, 05 – Forest health presentation, Project Learning Tree. • July 15, 05 – Forest health restoration field trip, Park’s/Williams

Fuels Partnership. • Sept. 20, 05 – Forest health restoration field trip, Sherwood Forest

Estates Fuels Partnership.

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Statewide or Out-of-State Workshops

• Oct. 12-14, 04 – Bark Beetle Technical Working Group Annual Meeting, Homer Alaska. (Presentation)

• Oct. 15, 04 – Project Central. (Facilitated field presentations by NAU School of Forestry Faculty).

• Feb. 23, 05 – 2005 Western Coordinating Committee Forestry Extension Annual Meeting and Fieldtrip Tucson, AZ. (Presentation on fieldtrip)

• Mar. 29-30, 05 – Western Forest Insect Work Conference. (Poster Presentation)

Major Training Sessions

• May 24-26, 2005 – Region 3 Forest Health Protection Insect and Disease Training Session, Flagstaff, AZ (Presentation)

• January 35-27, 2005 Forest Health Monitoring Conference, Miami, FL. (Co-facilitated panel discussion)

• February 7-9, 2005 Climate Variability & Ecosystem Impacts in Southwest Forests & Woodlands, Sedona, AZ. (Co-chair and facilitated the field tour)

III. Technical Assistance to Non-federal Municipalities and Private Over 85 requests for technical assistance from private and municipal land managers were responded to. County Extension offices also responded to requests for technical assistance (see county reports page 29). IV. County Visits Visits to the counties within Arizona were made on 11 different occasions to consult with local forest managers on forest health. (This does not include trips to counties for county supported workshops.)

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V. Administration of Funds for Suppression and Prevention (see appendix B for detailed information on grant accounting)

a. Forest Health Restoration Grants

The UAFH provided administrative support for the Forest Health Restoration Grants program. This includes preparing the RFP for the FY05 projects, finalizing the submitted proposals for submission to USFS-R3 FPH Region III, administering the funds, and following up with the granted offices to monitor progress on the projects.

FY 03 Projects

Two grants were funded and administered by UAFH for a total of $161,000. The City of Flagstaff ($61,250) proposed to treat 350 acres they treated 185 acres in FY04 and FY05 they treated 166 ac expending $27,576.

This project treated high risk/susceptible property within Flagstaff with selective thinning, sanitation cutting, brush disposal, and prescribed fire. They also completed an operation guide entitled “Hazard Mitigation Best Management Practices” which details their approach to plan development, site set-up, selective thinning, and prescribed fire. They also hosted a “Vendor Workshop” for local forest-treatment service providers. Topics of discussion included insect status and outlook, prescribed fire operations, slash disposal standards, and the City’s Fuel Management Program.

Coconino County ($99,750) through the Rural Environmental Corps (CREC) proposed to treat 180 acres. In FY 04 they treated 143 acres and in FY 05 they treated 50 acres expending $34,600.

They concentrated on thinning excess trees. They chipped and piled slash and participated in a firewood project with the Navajo Indian Reservation; In conjunction with the Coconino County Public Works Department refuse hauling program, CREC crews loaded roll-off boxes which were back-hauled with over 250 cords of wood to the communities of Tuba City, Tonalea, Kayenta and Leupp. This work was matched dollar for dollar with Coconino County Community Forestry Initiative - Title III funds.

In addition to completing necessary fuels reduction projects, CREC crews logged 70 hours of field based skills instruction, 140 hours of teachable moments with partner agencies and 70 hours of job hazard analyses and safety briefings.

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FY 04 ProjectsThree grants were funded and administered by UAFH for a total of $1,000,000. City of Show Low ($350,000) proposed to treat 850 acres, they treated 11 acres in FY04 and 20 acres in FY05. An additional 32 acres have had pre-treatment surveys conducted. Expenditures of FY04 Forest Health Restoration grant funding in FY05 was $23,441. City of Pinetop-Lakeside ($400,000) proposed to treat 500 acres, they treated 66 acres in FY05. An additional 104 acres have had pre-treatment surveys conducted. Expenditures of FY04 Forest Health Restoration grant funding in FY05 was $47,276. Navajo County ($250,000) proposed to treat 600 acres, they treated 62 acres in FY05. An additional 97 acres have had pre-treatment surveys conducted. Expenditures of FY04 Forest Health Restoration grant funding in FY05 was $31,058.

FY 05 ProjectsFive Forest Health Restoration Grants were applied for through USFS R3 Forest Health Protection funds. Four of these grants were funded and administered by UAFH for a total of $555,286. Apache County ($211,225) - Sub-contract with the University of Arizona was finalized shortly after the FY05 funding became available in September 2005. University of Arizona ($205,700) - The FY05 funding became available in September 2005.

Treatment was completed on 13 acres of private property, all within the priority one area identified in the Williams Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Another 50 acres are signed up. Treatment activity will resume in November.

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Greater Flagstaff Forest Partnership ($99,358) - Sub-contract with the University of Arizona was finalized shortly after the FY05 funding became available in September 2005.

Steve Gatewood, Program Director, has reported that they have received 21 applications for 131.5 acres under this project. Two projects have been complete and another 7 are in progress. They anticipate invoicing for the first round of treatments this fall.

Greenlee County ($39,000) - The announcement of this award was much later than the others and UAFH is presently working on finalizing a sub-contract with the Greenlee County.

b. Invasive Plants Management

University of Arizona Forest Health Program The UAFH provided administrative support for the invasive plants program. This includes preparing the RFP for the FY03, 04, & 05 projects, selecting and awarding the grants, administering the funds, and following up with the granted offices to monitor progress on the projects.

FY03 & 04 Projects Coconino County Cooperative Extension FY03 UAFH Grant ($10,000). Expended $9,306 in FY04 treating 90 acres. The remaining $694 was not expended. FY04 UAFH Grant ($10,000). Expended $388 in FY04. In FY05 they expended $2966 treating 28 acres with 180 volunteers on the following:

• Weed Pulls w/various Flagstaff Public Schools and classes: 31 bus drivers, 68 students; Sawmill Park, 9 kids; treated 8 acres, 84 total bags of weeds

• Peaks View Park, 12 Students, 10 acres • Coconino Rural Environmental Corps • Grand Canyon Trust, 5 acres, 6/27/05, 23 adults • Sawmill Park, 2 acres, 7/29/05, 16 adults • MEMS (school), 3 acres, 9/24/05, 21 adults

Additional details on their invasive plant program is found in the “Individual County Reports” beginning on page 29.

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Gila County Cooperative Extension FY03 UAFH Grant ($9,000). Expended $4,465 in FY03-04. They have expended an additional $2360 on weed eradication or control projects sub-contracted to Tonto Weed Management Area. Arboretum at Flagstaff FY04 UAFH Grant ($7955). In FY04 they treated 51 acres of the 131 proposed and expended $2,422. Expenditures in FY05 have been $3,195.

In FY05 they concentrated on Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica). They surveyed 99 acres, mapped toadflax on 49 acres and hand-pulled 35 acres of toadflax with 29 volunteers. They are collecting native seeds from the property and revegetating disturbed areas with them.

Flagstaff Ranch FY04 UAFH Grant ($4020) - $2961 expended in FY04 treating 15 acres. They expended the remaining grant funds retreating the 15 acres treated in 2004.

A summer intern horticulturalist from Michigan State Univ. spent half of her time pulling and spraying weeds. Two high school students were hired to pull weeds as well. Head of Grounds, Dan Devere who submitted the proposal, also sprays weeds with Prosecutor during his rounds each day. Invasive species included dalmatian toadflax, Russian thistle, mullein, and bindweed.

UA Fire Education Program at Summerhaven, AZ FY04 UAFH Grant ($10,000). $5,561 expended in FY04. An additional $2,404 was expended in FY05 treating 70 acres and surveying 33 acres. This project is primarily designed to prevent the invasion of noxious plants into the Village of Summerhaven in the aftermath of the 2003 84,000 acre Aspen Fire.

The partnership researched and developed a list of native seeds, grasses and wildflowers found on Mt Lemmon in Southern Arizona. Seed sources were found & an Arizona nursery prepared a seed mix for us. An educational flyer/brochure was developed & produced that was distributed with the seed packets to Mt.Lemmon property owners. Through educational seminars and hands-on workshops, property owners were educated about the importance of preventing invasive species from taking hold on their property and forcing out or preventing non-native species from growing following the Aspen Fire of 2003. We held planting demonstrations and distributed seed packets on numerous occasions. Through our efforts, a total of 100 acres have been treated with the grant. A questionnaire was developed and

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distributed to property owners by mail to determine if they planted seed and what seeds/plants had grown that they could identify from the brochure they received with the seed. In addition there were three ocular surveys completed by volunteers trained by plant experts. A total of 33 of the treated acres were surveyed for plant response. Future follow-up surveys will occur as time permits. At least two native species from the seed mix packets distributed to property owners were observed on 100% of the areas surveyed. Cheatgrass was identified on Mt Lemmon this summer. It has become quite invasive in limited areas. This will be the focus of further work in the spring of 2006 in collaboration with the Mt Lemmon Fire Department and the USFS.

FY05 projects Audubon Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch- Elgin, AZ FY05 UAFH Grant ($5,000)

Located near the Coronado National Forest, Audubon is poised to treat Cardaria draba (whitetop, hoary cress) at the first indication of emergence. Based on past experience, the first sign of this cool-season perennial will occur after winter rains in January or February 2006. Known locations of this species have been mapped, and a crew of volunteers has shown interest in helping locate new infestations. Neighboring landowners have been alerted, and are interested in cooperative ventures to eradicate this invasive, exotic plant.

Coconino County Public Works – Northern Arizona FY05 UAFH Grant ($10,000)

Grant proposal work will begin in early 2006. Desert Foothills Land Trust – Cave Creek, AZ FY05 UAFH Grant ($10,000)

Proposed work will begin in early 2006 on the trust lands in the Cave Creek watershed and near the Tonto National Forest.

Gila Valley Fry Mesa NRCD- Safford, AZ FY05 UAFH Grant ($5,136)

They are planning to begin coordinating with Arizona Department of Corrections in November or December to make arrangements for the resin bush removal in early 2006.

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UA Fire Education Program at Summerhaven, AZ FY05 UAFH Grant ($10,000)

This second proposal was granted for 2005 funding to continue revegetation work at this high elevation village atop Mt Lemmon where a 2003 wildfire ravaged the community and the nearby Coronado National Forest.

Willcox-San Simon NRCD – Willcox, AZ FY05 UAFH Grant ($10,000) $6,467 has been expended on the following activities:

1. A tri fold brochure featuring the three targeted species; Malta Starthistle, Russian Knapweed and African Rue, was developed for distribution. It contains color photos, reasons the plant is a problem and who to notify if you find these plants. 2. The brochure was translated to Spanish. A total of 2250 trifolds, English and Spanish, were printed for distribution. 3. The trifolds were, then, handed out at the Sept. 15, 2005 Range Field Day. Eight high schools attended with their vocational agricultural teams. There were a total of 86 students competing in three categories; soils identification, range plant identification and utilization; and wildlife. There was a brief discussion on the invasive & noxious weeds. 4. Following the Range Field Day the San Simon High School FFA students wanted to help promote the recognition of invasive and noxious weeds, and picked up some additional weed brochures to use as hand outs for their booth at the County Fair. 5. A static display with photos and information was developed for the Cochise County Fair held in Douglas in September. Spanish and English brochures were distributed by the Willcox-San Simon NRCD during the four days of the fair. A large volume of people continuously passed by the booth during the fair. An estimate of 1500 people were exposed. 6. The weed brochures were distributed to ADOT road crews following a U of A Cooperative Extension weed management workshop held by U of A staff. Another workshop is planned for County road maintenance crews. Supporting information will be included with the next report. 7. The first public awareness newsletter article was published in August 2005. The newsletter reaches 400 farmers, ranchers and other landowners in the area.

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Willow Bend Environmental Education – Flagstaff, AZ FY05 UAFH Grant ($2,500) Expended $933.

The noxious weed education projects included installing an educational weed display (donated by the Arboretum) in Willow Bend’s Discovery Room. During the recent Grand Opening of this exhibit over 100 people visited the exhibit and learned about noxious weeds. An additional 100 students ranging in age from 2nd grade to college visited the exhibit on field trips. Willow Bend staff reviewed and revised the “Alien Plants” lesson plan which was developed in partnership with Arboretum staff, and presented 6 classroom activities on noxious weeds for middle and high school students. These students spent the next day pulling noxious weeds along the Rio de Flag drainage with their teachers. (55 volunteer weed pulling hours). Staff also displayed the portable weed display (also donated by the Arboretum) during an Off–Highway Vehicle Area Clean-Up event attended by more than 80 people. Willow Bend staff and volunteers identified and inventoried weeds in the area of the eradication projects, and organized two weed pull events to eradicate scotch thistle, diffuse knapweed, and linaria in pre-bloom or pre-seed stage. These events totaled 39.5 weed pulling hours, and treated the entire Sawmill Park and the urban trail from Sawmill Park to the freeway crossing. Each of these events included an educational component on noxious weeds, which reached 11 weed volunteers. Willow Bend staff attended a SWEMP meeting to learn how to add our information to the database. These projects all occurred along drainages that flow onto federal forest lands. c. Early Dectection Rapid Response to Invasive Plant Species

Early Detection Rapid Response to Invasive Species in Forested Areas of Arizona USDA-FS FHP Invasives Species Grant FY05 ($50,000) $2,205 expended on:

Treated diffuse knapweed on seven parcels, ~ 18 acres, of private property in Flagstaff area with hand digging and incineration of bagged seed heads and/or spraying. In FY2006 rapid detection and treatment will extend to other forested areas throughout Arizona.

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Figure 1. Locations of new and ongoing invasive species and forest health restoration projects.

VI. Youth Education A $15,000 grant was awarded from Coconino County Community Forestry Initiative Title III funds to continue the After Schools Forestry program on through the 2005-06 school year.

The Forestry Club at Coconino High School was continued and a new club was started at Sinagua H.S., both these schools are in Flagstaff. The clubs met from January to June and restarted their meetings in September. At their weekly meetings they received instruction on forestry related topics. They had monthly field trips. This program represents the efforts of Tom DeGomez, Principal Investigator and Ron Reid, Program Coordinator.

VII. Additional Funding Applications

a. Research

The following section represents the efforts many individuals on the AZFH Research Team, they are: Tom DeGomez – Principal Investigator Chris Hayes – Research Specialist Andrew Miller – Research Technician (April 04 to Jan. 05) Charity Hall – Research Technician (October 05) Kelly Barton – Research Technician (Dec. 04 to present)

Beverly Loomis – Program Coordinator Vernon Bunker – Student Technician (Oct 04 to Sept 05) Amanda Garcia – Student Technician (Oct 04 to May 05) Seth Thomas – Student Technician (Oct 04 to present) Grace Hancock – Student Technician (Nov. 04 to May 05) Victoria Henderson – Student Technician (Oct 04 to Sept 05) Marvin – REU Student Intern (June-July 05) Wesley Winslow - Student Technician (May 05 to present) Eric Osborne – Student Technician (May 05 to present) Ken Baumgartner - Student Technician (May 05 to present)

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Research Grants – 1. Bark Beetle Trapping Along an Elevation Gradient - $86,000

from USFS-RMRS 2. Significance of Bark Beetle Trapping - $58,340 from USFS-

RMRS 3. Influence of Slash Size on Bark Beetle Success - $24,992 from

AZ Dept. of emergency and Military Affairs 4. Use of Verbenone and Non-host Volatiles to Reduce Engraver

Beetle Attack on Ponderosa Pine Slash. - $57,243 from USFS-RMRS

5. Mulch Flammability for Arizona Homeowner’s Landscaping Needs - $7,000 from UA Cooperative Extension

Research Reports – 1) TITLE: Seasonal Abundance of Ponderosa Pine Bark Beetles Across an Elevational Gradient in Arizona and Implications for Increased Fuels and Wildfires - (USFS Cooperators – Karen Clancy, Joel McMillin and John Anhold) The purpose of this project is to identify the community structure of four economically & ecologically important species of bark beetles that attack ponderosa pines in Arizona (Ips pini [pine engraver], I. lecontei [Arizona fivespined ips], Dendroctonus brevicomis [western pine beetle], & D. frontalis [southern pine beetle]). Beetles were collected using Lindgren funnel traps baited with appropriate bark beetle pheromone lures. We will determine if the community structure of this ponderosa pine bark beetle complex varies among three major elevational bands that encompass the range of ponderosa pine in northern Arizona (5500 ± 250 ft., 7000 ± 250 ft., and 8500 ± 250 ft.), & if it changes over time (seasonally from ca. April 1 to November 15 in 2004 and 2005, and between two consecutive years). We will also quantify the relative abundance of these four bark beetles at different elevations & at different times in the season, & determine the number of generations per year of each species at the elevational sites. In FY2004 UAFH located 10 sampling sites within each of the three elevational bands (sites are a minimum of one mile apart to ensure the sampling sites are independent (total of 90 traps). At each of the 10

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sampling sites, three Lindgren funnel traps were set & baited with three different pheromone lures to attract the four species of interest. Trap contents were collected at weekly intervals during a seven month period about April 12 to November 15. Contents: bark beetles and bark beetle predators (e.g., clerid beetles), were sorted, identified, counted and preserved. Preliminary results for 2005 follow.

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Ips species(t hrough 09/ 08/ 05)

I. knausi

I. confusus

I. latidens

I. calligraphus

I. lecontei

I. pini

Figure 2. Ips species bark beetle trap counts for 2005 at low (5500 ± 250 ft.), medium (7000 ± 250 ft.) and high (8500 ± 250 ft.) elevations.

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Dendroctonus species(t hrough 09/ 08/ 05)

D. ponderosae

D. approximatus

D. valens

D. adjunctus

D. brevicomis

D. frontalis

Figure 3. Dendroctonus species bark beetle trap counts for 2005 at low (5500 ± 250 ft.), medium (7000 ± 250 ft.) and high (8500 ± 250 ft.) elevations.

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Predators & Woodborers(t hrough 09/ 08/ 05)

Buprestidae

Cerambycidae

Enoclerus sp.

Temnochila sp.

Figure 4. Predators and woodborers bark beetle trap counts for 2005 at low (5500 ± 250 ft.), medium (7000 ± 250 ft.) and high (8500 ± 250 ft.) elevations.

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2) TITLE: “Southwestern ponderosa and piñon pine bark beetles: Significance of pheromone trap catches” (USFS Reg. 3 FHP Cooperators – Karen Clancy, Joel McMillin and John Anhold) The purpose of this project is to advance understanding of what pheromone trap catches of bark beetles mean in order to improve methods to predict where, when, and how much bark beetle activity will occur in forests. In addition to the 30 sampling sites in project 1 (above): UAFH located 10 piñon pine sampling sites within each of two elevational bands that are a minimum of one mile apart to ensure the sampling sites are independent (total of 20 traps). At each of the 10 sampling sites, one Lindgren funnel traps was set and baited with the Ips confusus pheromone lure that will attract Ips confusus. Trap contents were collected at weekly intervals during a seven month period about April 12 to November 15. Contents: bark beetles and bark beetle predators (e.g., clerid beetles), were sorted, identified, counted and preserved. For preliminary piñon trap results for 2005 see Figures 5 and 6. Climate data loggers - Hobo temperature and humidity data loggers were deployed at 30 selected sites (six per elevation band) in 2005 to gain information on how variations in temperature among the range of elevations sampled affect seasonality of the beetle’s life cycles; this may help elucidate how year-to-year variations in temperature affect beetle flight periodicity and the number of generations per year. Brood tree plots – Fixed area one hectare plots were established at each of the sites. The data collected at each of the sites is as follows:

• All dead trees were mapped. Estimated year of death was recorded. • All trees with signs of bark beetle activity were mapped. These trees will be

revisited in November of 2005 to check for mortality. • Starting on September 7, 2005, one fading tree from within 200m of the

center of each site will be climbed and 1000 cm2 bark samples will be removed at 1, 3, 5 and 6.5 m above ground level. These samples will be checked for bark beetle galleries and gallery pattern will be identified to bark beetle species.

• Freshly cut logs 1.5 – 2.0 m in length have been placed at three sites per elevational band and are monitored weekly for bark beetle attacks. When

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the logs receive 10 attacks an emergence trap is attached to the log and a fresh log is placed at the same site to trap the next emerging generation.

Stand assessment plots – At each trap site, a plot cluster of three 0.05 hectare fixed radius plots were established. The first plot center was located between and equidistant to the three beetle traps, with the remaining two plot centers located 50 meters north and east of the first plot center.

• On each tree greater than 12.6 cm DBH we will record species, DBH, Dwarf Mistletoe Rating, damage, and condition [live, recent bark beetle mortality, bark beetle mortality prior to trap establishment and/or other type of snag (dead or dying tree)].

• In addition, slope and aspect will be recorded for each plot. • Eight variable radius plots were measured along a 100 meter grid

surrounding the traps, in order to estimate the overall bark beetle mortality in an area of approximately eight hectares at each site. Using a 10 BAF prism, data will be collected for snags only; including DBH, condition (recent bark beetle mortality, bark beetle mortality prior to trap establishment and snag other) and notes of the presence of live beetles or significant damage.

C. RESULTS

• Trap-log peak attack period appears to be occurring three weeks after peak Ips pheromone trap catch (I. pini, I. lecontei, I calligraphus). Mean attacks per week, for all trap-logs, has been 0.9/week, a ten fold decrease of the average caught in pheromone traps. A statistical difference was not found for attacks on trap-logs between elevation (F = 1.30, P = 0.32)

• Point sampling found no statistical difference between brood trees at different elevations.

• Emergence trap data collection will continue into November. • The brood plots had between 0 to 3 brood trees per plot. 21% of plots had

trees under attack in spring 2004 (most of these attacks looked unsuccessful). 68% of plots had some type of beetle activity (brood trees, trees under attack, or prior year’s brood tree). Preliminary results of fall re-measurement of brood plots suggest that we may have more brood trees than in the spring (one plot has 6 brood trees). At this point, the data suggests that there is little correlation between tree mortality on a hectare plot and pheromone trap catches.

• Bark samples are currently being collected and will continue through the fall. • Data from piñon pine trap sites is still being evaluated

22

Low Elevation Pinyon Pine Trap Catch

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

3/18

3/25 4/1 4/8 4/1

54/2

24/2

9 5/6 5/13

5/20

5/27 6/3 6/1

06/1

76/2

4 7/1 7/8 7/15

7/22

7/29 8/5 8/1

28/1

Tota

l Wee

kly

Trap

Cat

ch

98/2

6 9/2 9/9

Ips confususTemnochila spp.Enoclerus spp.

Figure 5. Piñon ips and predator bark beetle trap counts for 2005 at low (4500 ± 250 ft.) elevation.

23

Figure 6. Piñon ips and predator bark beetle trap counts for 2005 at high (6500 ± 250 ft.) elevation.

High Elevation Pinyon Pine Trap Catch

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

3/20

3/27 4/3 4/1

04/1

74/2

4 5/1 5/8 5/15

5/22

5/29 6/5 6/1

26/1

96/2

6 7/3 7/10

7/17

7/24

7/31 8/7 8/1

48/2

18/2

8 9/4

Tota

l Wee

kly

Trap

Cat

ch

Ips confususTemnochila spp.Enoclerus spp.

24

F

Ñ

Ñ

Ñ

$T$T

$T$T

$T

$T

$T$T$T

$T

%U

%U

%U%U

%U

%U

%U

%U

%U(X

(X(X

(X(X

(X (X(X(X(X

$T$T$T$T$T

$T$T$T

$T$T

(X(X(X (X

(X

(X(X

(X

(X

(X

PAYSON

SEDONA

FLAGSTAFF

Ponderosa Pine Forest TypePinyon Pine Forest Type

Ponderosa Pine Trap Sites(X High Elevation (~8500ft/2591m)%U Mid Elevation (~7000ft/2134m)$T Low Elevation (~5500ft/1676m)

Pinyon Pine Trap Sites(X High Elevation (~6500ft/1981m)$T Low Elevation (~4500ft/1371m)

#

#

PHOENIX

FLAGSTAFF

Study Area in Arizona

20 0 20 40 60 80 Kilometers

Figure 7. Piñon and ponderosa pine bark beetle trapping sites across Arizona between 5250 feet and 8750 feet in elevation.

3) TITLE: Influence of Slash Size on Bark Beetle Success (USFS Reg. 3 FHP Cooperators - Joel McMillin and John Anhold; Arizona Department of Emergency and Military Affairs Cooperator - Tom Parker) The objective of this study is to assess the effects that bolt length and diameter, time of cutting, and stand density have on pine engraver (Ips spp.) brood production in logging slash. We set up a multi-factorial block design to study the effects and interactions of these factors on exit-hole density, which serves as a surrogate for brood production. The treatment is bolt size (n = 20), which consists of 16 sizes, with diameters of 4, 6, 8, and 10 inches and lengths of 6 12 18 and 24 inches. The factors are time of cutting (October, January, April, and July) and stand density (20, 60, and 120 ft2/ac). Bolts were cut from freshly felled pine trees. Treatment blocks consist of small slash piles with the sixteen treatment bolts laid on the ground next to the pile. Blocks are arranged on a 50 meter grid, with stand density assigned to each pile, depending on stand density at that point. Bolts are monitored every two weeks for attacks. Exit-holes were counted on Oct., Jan., and April cohorts 7-18 July 2005. Results Both length and diameter caused significant changes in brood production (diameter, F = 46.5, P = <0.001; length, F = 124.1, P = <0.001; diameter x length, F = 6.179, P = < 0.001).

• 12 in lengths started to show reduced brood production. • 6 in length had virtually no brood production. • 4 & 6 in diameters had best brood production, started tailing off at 8.

Time and stand density caused significant changes in brood production (time, F = 49.8, P = <0.001; density, F = 4.386, P = 0.013; time x density F = 9.1, P = < 0.001).

• April cohort brood production lower than both Oct. and Jan. • Brood production improved slightly with lower tree density.

Low density stands had better brood production in the Oct. and Jan. cohorts, with attacks occurring prior to the establishment of the April cut (cut on 20-28 April). Low density, high light stands had poor brood production in the April cut, only.

25

Greater than 70% of the July cohort (cut on 20-28 July) was attacked within two weeks of cutting. Collected I pini, and I lecontei from treatment bolts. Light measurements were taken at blocks in different stand densities for wavelengths between 400 – 700 nanometers (high = 857.8 µmol/m-2/s-1, medium = 1165.5 µmol/m-2/s-1, and low = 1617.3 µmol/m-2/s-1, F = 46.6, P = <0.001) 4) TITLE: Use of Verbenone and Non-host Volatiles to Reduce Engraver Beetle Attack on Ponderosa Pine Slash (USFS Reg. 3 FHP Cooperators – Carl Edminster, Joel McMillin and John Anhold) The objective of this study was to determine if verbenone and non-host volatiles will effectively reduce pine engraver attacks on ponderosa pine slash.

• The study was a randomized block design with ten replicates. • Conventional slash pile (3 m dia. by 2 m high) were used as sampling unit, with

treatments applied immediately following tree felling, June 6-9. Six treatments were; 1) control; 2) verbenone; 3) white fir; 4) white fir + verbenone; 5) juniper; and 6) juniper + verbenone.

• Treatment blocks were set up in a pentagon design with 50 m between slash piles and 100 m between treatment blocks.

• Non-host volatiles consisted of 3.5 kg of shredded boughs spread out in a ring at the base of the slash pile, applied every two weeks. Verbenone was applied as Hericon flakes one time, at the manufacturer’s recommended rate (100g/pile). This rate was estimated as the 0.1 ac broadcast application rate applied to each slash pile.

• Two sample bolts were collected from each pile (30 cm in length, between 10 and 20 cm in diameter) at the end of the eight week exposure period. On each sample bolt nuptual chambers, total egg gallery length, and number of exit holes were recorded.

Results One-way ANOVAs showed no significant difference for any of our response variables (nuptial chamber density, egg gallery density, and exit hole density), A trend was seen in each of the response variables, with a slight reduction in the treatments that included verbenone. Therefore, all treatments that included

26

verbenone were pooled, as were treatments that did not include verbenone, and a t-test was run on the two groups. Nuptual chamber density (verb: mean = 1.9/450 cm2, SE = 0.12, Non-verb: mean = 2.2/450 cm2, SE = 0.14, Diff. = -0.331, P = 0.076) was not significantly different at the 5% level. Egg gallery density (verb: mean = 78.9 cm/450 cm2, SE = 3.73, non-verb: mean = 93.1cm/450cm2 SE = 4.51, Diff. = -14.19, P = 0.017), and exit hole density (sq rt transformation) (verb: mean = 1.3/450 cm2, SE = 0.10, Non-verb mean = 1.6/450 cm2, SE = 0.09, Diff. = -0.30, P = 0.020) were both significantly reduced in the pooled verbenone treatments.

• These results suggest the verbenone, as Hericon flakes could be used as an anti-aggregation treatment for pine engraver beetles, however, further studies will be need to find a more effective application rate.

5) TITLE: Mulch Flammability for Arizona Homeowner’s Landscaping Needs (UA cooperators – Alix Rogstad, Jack Kelly and Jeff Schalau) Project Objectives - Determine the flammability of typical landscaping mulching materials. Project Description - Eight different landscape mulches will be tested for their flammability using a propane torch, charcoal briquette, and a lit cigarette at two different times of the year. The individual plots will be one square meter 10 cm (4”) deep. The plots will be separated by 10cm tall x 0.5mm aluminum flashing. There will be 3 replications of each complete block. Total area for the plots will be 24m2 (260 ft2). Project Methods - Layout a 12m (39ft) x 2m (6.5ft) grid with 24 - 1 m2 (10.8ft2) cells. The cells will be filled with one of eight landscape mulch materials: bark nuggets, pine needles, grass sod, decomposed granite, wood chips, wheat straw, and ground construction waste. Each of the cells will be subjected to heat from a hand held propane torch (0.5 minutes), a charcoal briquette and a 2cm (0.75”) long lit cigarette (until the cigarette or briquette self extinguishes or the mulch is consumed). Results – This project was installed in October 2005 and will be treated November 2005, June 2006 and October 2006.

27

VII b. Rural Communities Fuel Management Program***This program received the 2004-2005 USDA-FS Rural Communities Assistance Award from the Chief of the Forest Service and by Secretary of Agriculture, Anne Veneman with the 2003 Honor Award.*** The following section represents the efforts of many individuals on the AZFH Forest Health Restoration Team and the Rural Communities Fuels Management Partnership, including: Tom DeGomez – Principal Investigator Art Mathias – AZFH Program Coordinator, Senior Beverly Loomis – AZFH Program Coordinator

Rural Communities Fuels Management Partnership – Arizona State Lands Department; U.S. Forest Service Coconino and Kaibab National Forests; Community Fire Departments (Parks, Williams, Summit, Sherwood Forest Estates); City of Williams; Coconino County Public Works, Community Services Department, and Board of Supervisors; Northern Arizona University Ecological Restoration Institute; Arizona Department of Corrections; Woods, Pine Meadows, and Sherwood Forest Estates home owners associations.

The following grants have been secured and are being implemented through the UAFH in partnership with the Rural Communities Fuels Management Partnership during the FY05 period. Grants awarded and/or active in FY05:

- $95,000 – FY2002 State Fire Assistance Grant - $102,000 – FY2003 State Fire Assistance Grant - $40,000 – FY2003 State Forest Health Grant - $114,000 – FY2004 State Fire Assistance Grant - $110,000 – FY2004 Title III Forest Health Grant - $205,700 – FY2005 AZFH Forest Restoration Grant

FY05 Accomplishments: Acres treated - SFA Grant funds 69 ac 14 properties FHP funds 13 ac 3 properties Property Owner 5 ac 4 properties TOTAL (FYO5) 87 ac 21 properties TOTAL (FY01-05) 351 ac 157 properties

28

Volume of utilization for firewood 50 cords Navajo Nation Free Firewood Program 250 cords

Acres of cut material chipped 19 acres Estimated hours contributed by private property owners 2,700 hours VIII. County Extension Program Reports Cochise County – Kim McReynolds Invasive plant work A) A noxious weeds workshop was held at Ag Day in

Willcox. Eight of the participants received CEU’s from the AZ Dept. of Ag. for attending the workshop. Presentations by county & campus faculty, ADOT, & a private weed consultant. B) Noxious weed presentations were given to the San Pedro NRCD, Willcox-San Simon NRCD, the Gila Watershed Partnership, and Cochise County Master Gardener Association. C) Monitoring transects were established on Frye Mesa (state land) to track sweet resinbush infestations. In March, the area was treated with herbicide to control the heaviest portion of the infestation. An article was written for the Southwest Veg. Mgt. Assoc. newsletter. D) Poster presentations describing the mini-workshops for county and state road maintenance crews were given at the Society for Range Mgt. meeting in Salt Lake City, UT and the Assoc. of Nat. Res. Professionals in Wheeling, W. Virginia.

. Coconino County – Wade Albrecht Activity

Publications or other educational tools

• Two articles in the Arizona Daily Sun “Biological Pollutants,” “Noxious Weeds Destroy Desert Habitats”

29

• Essay posted on the web-blog http:azmasternaturalist.arizona.edu

• Developed poster display for educational use during presentations

• Two PowerPoint presentations developed and used

Meetings held

• Three meetings of the San Francisco Peaks Weed Management Area

• Facilitated Invasive Weeds work session at the National Master Naturalist Conference in Estes Park Colorado

Talks or presentations given

• 3 Coconino County Community College Classes, 51 students

• Master Gardener class, Coconino County, 32 Adults

• Keep Sedona Beautiful, 108 adults • Flagstaff Public Schools bus drivers, 40 adults • Coconino County Community College, 67

students • Walnut Ridge Homeowners Ass, 11 adults • Highlands Garden Conference, 22 adults • Arboretum at Flagstaff, 6 adults

Other

• Released bio-control weevils on 3 sites, (3 acres) in cooperation with the City of Flagstaff; Coconino County; USDA, APHIS; San Francisco Peaks Weed Mgt Area.

• Participated & conducted research for the AZ Wildlands Invasive Plant Working Group

• Attended the Southwest Vegetation Mgt. Association meetings in Nov 04.

• Began shooting film footage of weed education/work in northern Arizona.

30

Gila County Forest Health Report – Chris Jones, and Meckenzie Helmandollar Activity

Publications or other educational tools

A) Updated tabloid “Living with Fire: A Guide for Homeowners in the Southwest” August 2005. B) Assisted Pine Fire Department with Forest Education CD - May 2005. C) Mass media Radio

• Weeds & Wildfire information and PSA on KISS FM (3 thirty-second spots)

Newspaper Article • Weeds & Wildfire Information (4 articles) • Firewise and Forest Health (1 full page article) • “Pretty Killers;” Weeds and Wildfire (1 article) • Firewise and Forest Health (1 article)

D) Poster Presentations • Integrated Weed Management Strategies for

Sahara mustard, Sahara Mustard in Southwestern North America, Barstow, CA, August 30, 2005

• FIREWISE Community-Virtual Tour, See Canyon Homeowner’s Association, Christopher Creek, AZ, July 9, 2005

E) Curriculum (Development of class lab manuals) • Becoming Familiar with ArcGIS • Creating Maps Using Existing Data • Collecting Field Data with a GPS Receiver • Importing Field Data into ArcMap

Youth activities

San Carlos 4-H GIS/GPS Program - In conjunction with the San Carlos Extension office and the Tribal Department of Forestry

• 12 students / 2 assistants to be trained • 2 week class on mapping natural resources • Development of class lab manuals • Imported existing GIS/GPS information • 7 hour course on GIS mapping in natural resources

31

Consultations/technical assistance (face to face, phone, email)

A) Christopher-Kohl’s Fire District State Fire Assistance (SFA) Grant $50,000 awarded (50/50 match) B) FIREWISE Communities USA 5 community groups or Home Owner Associations in northern Gila County have formed Firewise committees and are actively pursuing the recognition program

Talks or presentations given

• Forest Health & Firewise Seminar/ May 14/ Strawberry, AZ

• See Canyon HOA Board Presentation/ July, 9/ Christopher Creek, AZ

• GIS in Natural Resources Youth Practicum Presentation/ July 13/ Point of Pines, San Carlos Reservation

• Community Firewise Seminar Part I/ July 23/ Christopher Creek, AZ

• Community Firewise Seminar Part II/ August 27/ Christopher Creek, AZ

• Weeds and Wildfire in Tonto Basin/ September 15/ Tonto Basin, AZ

• Advisory Board Meeting Presentation & Fieldtrip/ September 23/ Payson, AZ

Invasive plant work

Weeds & Wildfire • Integrated Weed Management for Sahara

mustard Coordinating with City of Globe, Arizona Department of Transportation and Gila County

• 6 acres treated with prescribed fire • Commitment from each property owner for

follow-up treatment • 7 tons of weeds removed by hand pulling

Other

Task Forces/Committees • Local : Pine-Strawberry Community Wildfire

Protection CD – completed • State : Firewise demonstration sign development

– completed • State : Living with Wildfire in Arizona

documentary. Committee Chair: Narration and celebrity candidates

32

Navajo County Forest Health Report – Steve Campbell, Jan Mathis and Lloyd Wilmes Activity

Publications or other educational tools

Mass Media • 2 radio spots on forest health improvement

grants • 9 TV tapings with City 4 – “Forest Health in

the White Mountains” Meetings held

9 Natural Resources Working Group Meetings – approx. 15-20 in attendance each time

Talks or presentations given

• 10 people attended a one week course for certified arborists – several presentations on tree health.

• 3 Master Gardener training sessions – several presentations on tree health – 10 persons each

• 8 Marine Corps League members attended workshop on forest health

• 10 people attended a one-day workshop on Landscaping for Forest Health

• Presentations were made to the following groups: - Torreon Home Owners Assoc. Board – 6 people

- Women’s Council of Realtors – 10 people - Tenney and Associates – 15 people - Torreon HOA – 64 people - Show Low Town Council – 7 council members

(also televised on City Channel 4) - Pinetop-Lakeside Town Council – approx. 20

people - Blue Spruce POA – several meetings (15-25

people in attendance each time) - Field trip to NAU Arboretum and greenhouse – 10 people

33

Yavapai County Forest Health Report – Jeff Schalau Activity

Publications or other educational tools

• Schalau, J. Killing Woody Plant Stumps. (Submitted for publication with University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2005).

• Contributing author to: Invasive Non-Native Plants That Threaten Wildlands in Arizona: A Categorized List Developed by the Wildlands Invasive Species Working Group (available on-line at: http://swvma.org/InvasiveNon-NativePlantsThatThreatenWildlandsInArizona.pdf)

• Updated and Managed the Southwest Vegetation Management Association Web Site (http://swvma.org/).

• Yavapai County Forest Health Website -(cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/fh/). The site has thousands of pageviews on Pine Bark Beetles in the Prescott Area, & Frequently Asked Questions About Bark Beetles. This site also links with other forest health resources on the web & generates email contacts.

Consultations/technical assistance (face to face, phone, email)

Agent has consulted with 20 clients by phone and 15 clients by e-mail regarding bark beetles and pinyon needle scale. There has been interest in using systemic insecticides for prevention of pinyon needle scale.

Talks or presentations given

• Noxious Weeds of Yavapai County, presented at Noxious Weed Wrkshp, 5/7/05, Prescott

• Forestry Presentation to Arizona Envirothon youth participants on 1/22/05

34

35

Surveys or monitoring

Discovered three new noxious weed populations, spotted knapweed (two in Prescott) and yellow starthistle (Peeples Valley)

Invasive plant work

• Chaired & convened 11 monthly mtgs. of the W. Yavapai Weed Mgt. Area (a collaborative group consisting of agency employees, tribal representatives, educators, & volunteers). Three meetings were held in the field.

• Conducted 3 Ag. Pesticide Training/Testing sessions for natural resource managers (Fredonia 1/27/05, Prescott 2/28/05, Canyon de Chelly 6/29/05).

36

Arizona: Forest Insect Incidence by Site for 2005 (in acres)

Western Pine

Beetle

Mountain Pine

Beetle

Round-headed

Pine Beetle

Ponderosa Ips

Pinon Ips

Doug-fir

Beetle Spruce Beetle

True Fir

Beetles

Bark Beetle Totals

Western Spruce

Budworm Spruce aphid

Aspen defol Drought

Defoliation Total

2005 Apache-Sitgreaves NF 78 861 10 6,924 515 457 8,845 870 50 3,034 3,954

Coconino NF 70 314 4,409 342 2,268 7,403 6,852 11,958 18,810 Coronado NF 1 108 1 1 150 85 346 47 47

Kaibab NF 26 23 6 2,510 1,211 3,776 22,664 2,988 25,652 Prescott NF 103 131 234 17 218 235

Tonto NF 1 279 577 3 860 8 1,275 1,283 Grand Canyon NP 31 19 53 103 12,637 12,637

Chiricahua NM 8 8 0 Saguaro NM 0 0

Walnut Canyon NM 3 3 0 BLM 114 1 148 1 1 265 0

Fort Apache Tribal 108 4,908 9 462 1,139 31 6,657 137 1,190 1,327 Hualapai Tribal 901 5 10 916 0

Navajo Tribal 103 110 4,610 5,959 367 8 11,157 10,334 591 10,925 San Carlos Tribal 1 1 1 1 4 0

Hopi Tribal 1 25 26 0 Nav-Hopi JUA 3 3 0

State & Private 68 73 3 28 18 190 390 1,847 2,237 2005 Arizona Total 1,503 1 116 6,845 4,679 21,208 2,363 4,081 40,796 11,204 187 47,430 18,286 77,107

Appendix A

Appendix B

Administration of Funds for Suppression Prevention

Agency - Grant Grant Total Grant Balance Oct. 2004

Grant Balance Oct. 2005

2003 UAFH IP Grants Coconino County Coop Extension $10,000 $694 $694 Gila County Cooperative Extension $9,000 $4,455 $2,095 2003 UAFH FHR Grants Flagstaff Fire Department $58,187 $27,576 $0 Coconino County Rural Environment Corps

$94,762 $52,745 $0

2004 UAFH IP Grants The Arboretum at Flagstaff $7,955 $5,533 $2,338 Coconino County Cooperative Extension

$10,000 $9,612 $6646

Flagstaff Ranch $4,020 $706 $0 Summerhaven IP Partnership $10,000 $4,439 $2,035 2004 UAFH FHR Grants Navajo County $250,000 $250,000 $213,942 City of Pinetop-Lakeside $400,000 $400,000 $344,724 City of Show Low $350,000 $350,000 $319,589 2005 UAFH IP Grants Audubon Research Reserve $5,000 N/A $5,000 Coconino County Public Works $10,000 N/A $10,000 Desert Foothills $10,000 N/A $10,000 Gila Valley Fry Mesa $5,136 N/A $5,136 UA Wildfire Education Program $10,000 N/A $10,000 Willcox-San Simon NRCD $10,000 N/A $3,533 Willow Bend Educational Center $2,500 N/A $1,567 2005 UAFH FHR Grants Apache County $211,225 N/A $211,225 UA Forest Health – Fuels Mgt $205,700 N/A $205,700 Greater Flagstaff Forest Partnership

$99,358 N/A $99,358

Greenlee County $39,000 N/A $39,000 2005 FHP IP Grant UAFH – 2005 Early Detection Rapid Response

$50,000 N/A $47,795

37