arff curriculum - interface between requirements for …

Rescue Rescue -- Recover Recover -- Preserve, Cargo Aircraft & ARFF SymposiumPreserve, Cargo Aircraft & ARFF Symposium

ARFF CURRICULUM ARFF CURRICULUM -- INTERFACE BETWEEN REQUIREMENTSINTERFACE BETWEEN REQUIREMENTS FOR FOR THE TRAINING OF ARFF PERSONNELTHE TRAINING OF ARFF PERSONNEL

Presented by Les OmansPresented by Les OmansFor the Air Line Pilots Association, InternationalFor the Air Line Pilots Association, International

PresidentPresident’’s Committee for Cargos Committee for Cargo

ARFFARFF Curriculum Curriculum -- Interface Between Requirements for Training of ARFF PersonnelInterface Between Requirements for Training of ARFF Personnel

ARFF personnel haz mat knowledge & skills:Identify Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), National Fire PrIdentify Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), National Fire Protection otection Association (NFPA), & Occupational Health & Safety AdministratioAssociation (NFPA), & Occupational Health & Safety Administration n (OSHA) hazardous material related training & response requireme(OSHA) hazardous material related training & response requirements nts

Recognize the hazardous nature of aircraft & airport emergenciesRecognize the hazardous nature of aircraft & airport emergencies

Be familiar with the types of cargo aircraft, methods of loadingBe familiar with the types of cargo aircraft, methods of loading, types of , types of shipments, labels, markings, & associated paperwork shipments, labels, markings, & associated paperwork

Utilize the DOT Emergency Response GuidebookUtilize the DOT Emergency Response Guidebook

PPerform erform Haz Haz Mat First Responder Operations Action Steps Mat First Responder Operations Action Steps

Begin proper response procedures forBegin proper response procedures for fires on cargo aircraft, fires on cargo aircraft, haz haz mat mat releases, fuel spills, lavatory waste spills, agricultural aircrreleases, fuel spills, lavatory waste spills, agricultural aircraft incidents, aft incidents, & terrorist WMD incidents& terrorist WMD incidents

ARFF Curriculum ARFF Curriculum -- Interface Between Requirements for Training of ARFF PersonnelInterface Between Requirements for Training of ARFF Personnel

Important Reference Materials:Important Reference Materials:

NFPA 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional QualifNFPA 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional QualificationsicationsNFPA 405,NFPA 405, Standard for the Recurring Proficiency of Airport Fire FightersStandard for the Recurring Proficiency of Airport Fire FightersNFPA 402, GuideNFPA 402, Guide for Aircraftfor Aircraft Rescue & FireRescue & Fire--Fighting OperationsFighting OperationsAircraft RescueAircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting, International Fire Service Training & Fire Fighting, International Fire Service Training Association (IFSTA)Association (IFSTA)Emergency Response Guidebook, Department of Transportation (DOT)Emergency Response Guidebook, Department of Transportation (DOT)Hazardous MaterialHazardous Material Response Manuals, Training Materials, & ProgramsResponse Manuals, Training Materials, & ProgramsState State Haz Haz Mat Response & Training Programs & RequirementsMat Response & Training Programs & RequirementsFederal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 139, Certification and OFederal Aviation Regulations (FAR) Part 139, Certification and Operations perations of Land Airports Serving Certain Air Carriersof Land Airports Serving Certain Air CarriersFAA Advisory Circular 150/5210FAA Advisory Circular 150/5210--17, Programs for Training of Aircraft 17, Programs for Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting PersonnelRescue and Fire Fighting PersonnelNFPA 472, Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous NFPA 472, Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Material IncidentsMaterial Incidents29 CFR 1910.120,29 CFR 1910.120, Hazwoper Hazwoper Regulation, OSHARegulation, OSHAAirport Services Manual, Part 1, Rescue & Fire Fighting, ICAOAirport Services Manual, Part 1, Rescue & Fire Fighting, ICAO

ARFF Curriculum ARFF Curriculum -- Interface Between Requirements for Training of ARFFInterface Between Requirements for Training of ARFF PersonnelPersonnel

Why does ARFF Why does ARFF need toneed to

TTrainrainPPreparereparePPlanlan

FFor aircraft or aircraft haz haz mat mat related incidents?related incidents?

Cargo aircraft fires?Cargo aircraft fires?


All aircraft accidents should be considered & treated as All aircraft accidents should be considered & treated as haz haz mat mat incidentsincidentsLarge amounts of fuel & quantities of toxic hydraulic fluidsLarge amounts of fuel & quantities of toxic hydraulic fluidsSite & wreckage contaminated with body fluids, Site & wreckage contaminated with body fluids, lav lav waste, other bio waste, other bio hazardshazardsBurning rubber tires & magnesium produce very toxic smokeBurning rubber tires & magnesium produce very toxic smokePlastic, foam rubber, & leather used in interior finishes & persPlastic, foam rubber, & leather used in interior finishes & personal items onal items produce a wide assortment of toxic gases under fire conditionsproduce a wide assortment of toxic gases under fire conditions


Composite materials can cause asbestos like respiratory injuriesComposite materials can cause asbestos like respiratory injuries & & skin irritationskin irritationMilitary aircraft can involve weapons, high explosives & Military aircraft can involve weapons, high explosives & radioactivesradioactives

Exotic fuels such as hydrazineExotic fuels such as hydrazineExtensive amounts of aircraft fuels are stored & transferred on Extensive amounts of aircraft fuels are stored & transferred on airportsairportsBesides flammability, fuels are toxic, irritants, & environmentaBesides flammability, fuels are toxic, irritants, & environmentally lly detrimentaldetrimental


Some airports are bases for agricultural spraying operationsSome airports are bases for agricultural spraying operationsMaintenance facilities that utilize paints, solvents, & other toMaintenance facilities that utilize paints, solvents, & other toxic chemicalsxic chemicalsPresence of dangerous cargo only complicates already dangerous sPresence of dangerous cargo only complicates already dangerous situationituationAlmost anything can & is being transported by aircraftAlmost anything can & is being transported by aircraftAir freight business has become a very profitable endeavorAir freight business has become a very profitable endeavorMore shippers are turning to air cargo to move valuable, fragileMore shippers are turning to air cargo to move valuable, fragile, or time , or time critical shipments rapidly across great distancescritical shipments rapidly across great distancesIncreasing every year, as well as aircraft related Increasing every year, as well as aircraft related haz haz mat incidentsmat incidents


Certain dangerous goods can beCertain dangerous goods can be transported on passenger transported on passenger aircraftaircraftCarried in Carried in ““inaccessibleinaccessible”” cargo holds with baggage & other cargo holds with baggage & other cargocargo60 lbs of allowable materials & 150 lbs of nonflammable gas60 lbs of allowable materials & 150 lbs of nonflammable gas““CombiesCombies”” that carry both passengers & cargo on main deckthat carry both passengers & cargo on main deckUsed by foreign carriers & encountered at international airportsUsed by foreign carriers & encountered at international airportsor Alaskaor Alaska


Undeclared dangerous goodsUndeclared dangerous goodsHazardous shipments that air carrier does not know are on Hazardous shipments that air carrier does not know are on boardboardMaterials in luggage, mail, or other general cargoMaterials in luggage, mail, or other general cargoResponsible person may not realize material is dangerous,Responsible person may not realize material is dangerous,Ignorant of the regulationsIgnorant of the regulationsMay be deliberately trying to conceal to avoid extra costsMay be deliberately trying to conceal to avoid extra costs


Dangerous products can be purchased at grocery, hardware, or Dangerous products can be purchased at grocery, hardware, or sporting goods storessporting goods storesWarning posted at ticket counters & cargo checkWarning posted at ticket counters & cargo check--in areasin areasUnless package looks suspicious, shipper rarely questionedUnless package looks suspicious, shipper rarely questioned1990, 21% of aircraft related 1990, 21% of aircraft related haz haz mat incidents involved undeclared mat incidents involved undeclared materialsmaterials1997, it was 35% & trend is increasing1997, it was 35% & trend is increasing


Military have their own dangerous goods regulationsMilitary have their own dangerous goods regulationsMany hazardous military cargos, including weapons & Many hazardous military cargos, including weapons & munitionsmunitionsIn peacetime, procedures are very similar to civilian air cargo In peacetime, procedures are very similar to civilian air cargo carrierscarriersIn times of conflict, regulations may be relaxed to expedite In times of conflict, regulations may be relaxed to expedite transport of needed military materialstransport of needed military materials


Dangerous goods can be found on almost any type of aircraftDangerous goods can be found on almost any type of aircraft

Anyone can charter aircraft to transport hazardous materialsAnyone can charter aircraft to transport hazardous materials

No airport is immune to this type of activityNo airport is immune to this type of activity


Training & Response RequirementsTraining & Response RequirementsOriginal 139 required initial & recurrent training on Original 139 required initial & recurrent training on ““Aircraft Cargo HazardsAircraft Cargo Hazards””Also required Airport Emergency Plan (AEP) to contain instructioAlso required Airport Emergency Plan (AEP) to contain instructions for ns for radiological, bomb, & sabotage incidentsradiological, bomb, & sabotage incidentsRecent changes now require ARFF to also be trained for Recent changes now require ARFF to also be trained for haz haz mat incidentsmat incidentsHaz Haz mat incidents & fires at fuel storage areas, have been added to mat incidents & fires at fuel storage areas, have been added to AEPAEPEach ARFF vehicle must have available DOTEach ARFF vehicle must have available DOT Orange NAERGOrange NAERG139 also addresses handling & storage of 139 also addresses handling & storage of haz haz mat on airportmat on airport


Most recent version Most recent version -- 17A, 4/28/200617A, 4/28/2006Aircraft familiarizationAircraft familiarizationARFF should be able to identify hazards indicted by labels ARFF should be able to identify hazards indicted by labels Use DOT ERGUse DOT ERGAccess Access ChemtrecChemtrec & other response resources & other response resources Obtain Obtain hazhaz mat information mat information Identify appropriate response requirementsIdentify appropriate response requirements


OSHA OSHA HazwoperHazwoper regulation 29 CFR 1910.120 has response, planning, & regulation 29 CFR 1910.120 has response, planning, & training requirements for hazardous substance releasestraining requirements for hazardous substance releases5 training levels: Awareness, Operations, Technician, Specialist5 training levels: Awareness, Operations, Technician, Specialist, & IC, & ICARFF are emergency responders, should be trained to Operations lARFF are emergency responders, should be trained to Operations levelevelRespond to releases to protect persons, environment, & propertyRespond to releases to protect persons, environment, & propertyDefensively, to control releases from safe distance & keep it frDefensively, to control releases from safe distance & keep it from om spreadingspreadingTechnicians & Specialists are on Technicians & Specialists are on hazhaz mat teams & take more offensive mat teams & take more offensive actionsactions


Few of larger airports may have specialized Few of larger airports may have specialized hazhaz mat team & equipmentmat team & equipmentMost rely on mutual aid to provide this extensive expertise & reMost rely on mutual aid to provide this extensive expertise & resourcessourcesARFF should train with their mutual aid ARFF should train with their mutual aid hazhaz mat teamsmat teamsBecome familiar with equipment, procedures, & capabilities, how Become familiar with equipment, procedures, & capabilities, how to assist themto assist themFamiliarize teams with airport layout, access, hazards, & Familiarize teams with airport layout, access, hazards, & hazhaz mat situationsmat situations


Meet Fire Fighter II requirements in NFPA 1001, Standard for FirMeet Fire Fighter II requirements in NFPA 1001, Standard for Fire Fighter e Fighter Professional QualificationsProfessional QualificationsTrained to First Responder Operations level (NFPA 472)Trained to First Responder Operations level (NFPA 472)General Knowledge & Skill RequirementsGeneral Knowledge & Skill Requirements

Hazards associated with aircraft cargo & dangerous goodsHazards associated with aircraft cargo & dangerous goodsHazardous areas, entry control points, crash scene perimetersHazardous areas, entry control points, crash scene perimetersHot, warm, & cold zonesHot, warm, & cold zonesOperate cargo area extinguishing systemsOperate cargo area extinguishing systemsAircraft familiarizationAircraft familiarizationAttack, control, & extinguish fires involving aircraft & cargoAttack, control, & extinguish fires involving aircraft & cargo


Identifies Operations, Technician, Specialist, Identifies Operations, Technician, Specialist, & Incident Commander knowledge & skill & Incident Commander knowledge & skill requirementsrequirements

OperationsOperationsAnalyze situation to determine magnitude of Analyze situation to determine magnitude of problemproblemCollect hazard & response informationCollect hazard & response informationScene controlScene controlPlan & implement initial responsePlan & implement initial responseDefensive optionsDefensive optionsEmergency decontaminationEmergency decontamination

HazHaz Mat Initial & recurrent training Mat Initial & recurrent training curriculums may vary from state to statecurriculums may vary from state to state

Numerous training courses, programs, & Numerous training courses, programs, & reference materials availablereference materials available


Chapter 6 Chapter 6 -- Aircraft FamiliarizationAircraft FamiliarizationChapter 9 Chapter 9 -- Aircraft Cargo HazardsAircraft Cargo HazardsPersonal protection & monitoring devicesPersonal protection & monitoring devicesKnowledge of airportKnowledge of airport’’s dangerous cargo response plans dangerous cargo response planUse reference sources to identify dangerous goods & determine Use reference sources to identify dangerous goods & determine appropriate actionsappropriate actionsIdentification, risk assessment, isolation, rescue, & evacuationIdentification, risk assessment, isolation, rescue, & evacuationDecontamination proceduresDecontamination procedures


Familiar with each type of aircraft that uses airportFamiliar with each type of aircraft that uses airportLocation & operation of cargo doorsLocation & operation of cargo doorsFamiliarize mutual aid fireFamiliarize mutual aid fire--fighters with aircraft special problemsfighters with aircraft special problemsFollow procedures identified in DOT Emergency Response GuidebookFollow procedures identified in DOT Emergency Response GuidebookChapter 11 Chapter 11 -- Interior Aircraft FiresInterior Aircraft FiresPreservation of Mail, Baggage, & CargoPreservation of Mail, Baggage, & CargoAnnex BAnnex B-- Air Transport of Dangerous Goods (Hazardous Materials & Air Transport of Dangerous Goods (Hazardous Materials & Restricted Articles) & Nuclear WeaponsRestricted Articles) & Nuclear Weapons


Lesson 5 Lesson 5 -- Airport Airport HazHaz MatMatSections:Sections:

IntroductionIntroductionTraining RequirementsTraining RequirementsHazardous CargoHazardous CargoCargo AircraftCargo AircraftShipping Papers & PackagingShipping Papers & PackagingHazHaz Mat Incident Action StepsMat Incident Action StepsOther Airport Other Airport HazHaz Mat EmergenciesMat Emergencies

Lesson 13 Lesson 13 -- ARFF Tactical OperationsARFF Tactical OperationsSection 7 Section 7 -- Interior Cargo Fire & Interior Cargo Fire & HazHazMat ScenarioMat Scenario

Lesson 14 Lesson 14 --Aircraft Incident ExercisesAircraft Incident ExercisesSection 10 Section 10 -- Cargo Aircraft FireCargo Aircraft Fire


5th Edition will be out next year5th Edition will be out next year

Supports NFPA RequirementsSupports NFPA Requirements

More information onMore information onCargo aircraft familiarizationCargo aircraft familiarizationTypes of hazardous cargosTypes of hazardous cargosLoading proceduresLoading proceduresPackaging, labels, & MarkingsPackaging, labels, & MarkingsCargo PaperworkCargo Paperwork

Still weak & not specific on tacticsStill weak & not specific on tactics

Other Other hazhaz mat response reference mat response reference & training materials available from & training materials available from IFSTA Fire Protection PublicationsIFSTA Fire Protection Publications


Chapter 12 Chapter 12 -- Aircraft Fire Fighting Aircraft Fire Fighting & Rescue Procedures& Rescue Procedures

12.4 12.4 -- Accidents Involving Accidents Involving Dangerous GoodsDangerous Goods

3 pages of real basic information3 pages of real basic information

Not specific on tacticsNot specific on tactics

Does encourage ARFF to fight Does encourage ARFF to fight aircraft fires even if they might aircraft fires even if they might involve dangerous cargosinvolve dangerous cargos

Stresses using proper protective Stresses using proper protective equipment equipment

WWorking from upwindorking from upwind


Hazardous materials is a fire department termHazardous materials is a fire department termOn aircraft hazardous cargos are called On aircraft hazardous cargos are called ““dangerous goodsdangerous goods”” or or ““restricted articlesrestricted articles””2 regulatory standards applicable to shipping dangerous goods by2 regulatory standards applicable to shipping dangerous goods by airairTitle 49 of Code of Regulations (CFR)Title 49 of Code of Regulations (CFR)Issued by Department of TransportationIssued by Department of TransportationApply to all modes of transportationApply to all modes of transportationApplicable only over the United StatesApplicable only over the United States


Technical Instructions for the Safe Transportation of Dangerous Technical Instructions for the Safe Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Goods by AirAirPublished by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)Published by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)United Nations body with authority over air transport issuesUnited Nations body with authority over air transport issuesRecognized & enforced worldwide, including in United StatesRecognized & enforced worldwide, including in United States““Dangerous Goods RegulationsDangerous Goods Regulations””, published annually by the International , published annually by the International Air Transport Association (IATA)Air Transport Association (IATA)Very complicated regulations, ARFF only needs general familiarizVery complicated regulations, ARFF only needs general familiarization withation with


Critical to be able to recognize when hazardous materials are inCritical to be able to recognize when hazardous materials are involved in an airport volved in an airport or aircraft incidentor aircraft incidentTake necessary steps to protect self, public, & the environmentTake necessary steps to protect self, public, & the environmentHazHaz mat incidents may be reported as medical aid, fire, vehicle, ormat incidents may be reported as medical aid, fire, vehicle, or aircraft incidentaircraft incidentInitial report may not indicate presence of hazardous materialsInitial report may not indicate presence of hazardous materialsFailure to recognize common Failure to recognize common hazhaz mat warning clues may cause ARFF to become mat warning clues may cause ARFF to become part of problempart of problemDonDon’’t bring victims to the incident t bring victims to the incident


First clue is location of incidentFirst clue is location of incident

Beware of emergencies Beware of emergencies involving cargo & military involving cargo & military aircraftaircraft

Cargo, fuel, & aircraft Cargo, fuel, & aircraft maintenance facilitiesmaintenance facilities

Container shapes are another Container shapes are another clueclue

Storage tanks, tank trucks, Storage tanks, tank trucks, drums, & cylindersdrums, & cylinders


Forward part of ERG has Forward part of ERG has section identifying shapes section identifying shapes of rail cars & truck trailers of rail cars & truck trailers that that typciallytypcially carry carry hazhazmatmat

Most airports donMost airports don’’t have t have rail carsrail cars

Identify the appropriate Identify the appropriate guide number & follow its guide number & follow its directionsdirections

Which guide would be Which guide would be used for the typical airport used for the typical airport fuel truckfuel truck


Visible hazardous placards & Visible hazardous placards & labels provide many clueslabels provide many clues

Diamond shapeDiamond shape

Color & symbolsColor & symbols

Hazard class & sometimes UN #Hazard class & sometimes UN #

Problem, if not using binoculars, Problem, if not using binoculars, may be too close to read may be too close to read placardplacard

Other markings & colors, such Other markings & colors, such as company names or written as company names or written warnings (No smoking)warnings (No smoking)

Not much on cargo aircraftNot much on cargo aircraft


Other warning clues may beOther warning clues may beStatements of responsible persons or witnessesStatements of responsible persons or witnessesPersons running from, showing unusual medical symptoms, or collaPersons running from, showing unusual medical symptoms, or collapsed in an psed in an areaareaEvidence of leaksEvidence of leaksUnusual colors, smoke, or vaporsUnusual colors, smoke, or vapors

Least desirable clue is your sense of sight, smell, or feelLeast desirable clue is your sense of sight, smell, or feelSituation just doesnSituation just doesn’’t seem right, assumet seem right, assume haz haz mat until proven otherwisemat until proven otherwiseARFF usually does not have chemical protective or appropriate trARFF usually does not have chemical protective or appropriate training, aining, so getting in close proximity is not an optionso getting in close proximity is not an option


Besides recognition, safety to ARFF Besides recognition, safety to ARFF consists of location & distanceconsists of location & distance

Location consists of approaching & Location consists of approaching & positioning upwind, uphill, & upstreampositioning upwind, uphill, & upstreamFarther away, the saferFarther away, the safer

ERG will help determine how far you & ERG will help determine how far you & public need to be away from apublic need to be away from a haz haz matmatEach of theEach of the 61 orange Guides (Pages 61 orange Guides (Pages 169169--293) list minimum initial isolation 293) list minimum initial isolation distances distances ““Public SafetyPublic Safety”” sectionsectionRecommended distance for smallest Recommended distance for smallest release, such as 1 drum or packagerelease, such as 1 drum or packageIf multiple packages or a large If multiple packages or a large container is involved, distance may container is involved, distance may have to be double, tripled, etchave to be double, tripled, etcIf there is wind, downwind perimeter If there is wind, downwind perimeter may have to be enlargedmay have to be enlarged


Sometimes Sometimes ““Public SafetyPublic Safety”” section will list an evacuation distancesection will list an evacuation distanceIf involved material is highlight yellow in yellow section (PageIf involved material is highlight yellow in yellow section (Pages 25s 25--95) or blue 95) or blue section (Pages 97section (Pages 97--167), additional isolation & evacuation distances will be 167), additional isolation & evacuation distances will be listed in green section towards back of ERGlisted in green section towards back of ERGAvoid contact with liquids, vapors, smoke, or water runoff from Avoid contact with liquids, vapors, smoke, or water runoff from a a haz haz mat firemat fireGive a good report on conditions & identify safe route to incideGive a good report on conditions & identify safe route to incident stagingnt stagingAdditional resources will usually consist of mutual aid fire &Additional resources will usually consist of mutual aid fire & haz haz mat teams, mat teams, emergency medical, health department, & law enforcementemergency medical, health department, & law enforcement


ARFF first responders should have a current copy of the orange DARFF first responders should have a current copy of the orange DOT OT Emergency Response GuidebookEmergency Response GuidebookKnow how to use itKnow how to use itBook will provide enough information & guidance to keep you out Book will provide enough information & guidance to keep you out of of trouble until more capable assistance arrives on scenetrouble until more capable assistance arrives on scene


For unknown materials or suspectedFor unknown materials or suspected haz haz mat situations, follow directions mat situations, follow directions listed in orange Guide 111 (Pages 170listed in orange Guide 111 (Pages 170--171)171)Recommends minimum immediate isolation distance of 330 feetRecommends minimum immediate isolation distance of 330 feetIncrease distances up to 1/2 mile for tanks, rail tank cars, & tIncrease distances up to 1/2 mile for tanks, rail tank cars, & tank trucks ank trucks involved or exposed to fireinvolved or exposed to fire


Guides in orange section of ERG are divided into 3 subsectionsGuides in orange section of ERG are divided into 3 subsectionsPotential HazardsPotential Hazards -- 2 choices, Fire / Explosion or Health effects2 choices, Fire / Explosion or Health effectsHighest potential hazard is listed firstHighest potential hazard is listed firstSubsections helps to make decisions regarding the protection of Subsections helps to make decisions regarding the protection of responders & responders & exposed personsexposed persons


Public SafetyPublic Safety -- Second Second subsection outlines subsection outlines suggested public suggested public safety measuressafety measures

Provides initial Provides initial isolation & sometimes isolation & sometimes evacuation distances, evacuation distances, recommended recommended protective clothing & protective clothing & respiratory protectionrespiratory protection

Sometimes firefighting Sometimes firefighting gear & SCBA may gear & SCBA may provide limited provide limited protectionprotection

Usually chemical Usually chemical protective gear is protective gear is requiredrequired


Emergency ResponseEmergency Response -- Third subsection covers emergency response actionsThird subsection covers emergency response actionsOutlines special precautions for incidents that involve fire, spOutlines special precautions for incidents that involve fire, spill, or chemical ill, or chemical exposureexposureInformation on first aid is general guidance prior to advanced mInformation on first aid is general guidance prior to advanced medical careedical careWill indicate if AFFF foam is adequate or if an alcohol resistanWill indicate if AFFF foam is adequate or if an alcohol resistant (AR) foam is t (AR) foam is neededneeded


Based on recommended isolation Based on recommended isolation distances, quickly establish a distances, quickly establish a perimeter around release & prevent perimeter around release & prevent any entry into that areaany entry into that areaPerimeter may need to be increased Perimeter may need to be increased one or more times depending on one or more times depending on size of release, container, or windsize of release, container, or windSecure access points, such as doors Secure access points, such as doors & gates& gatesUse vehicles to block roadsUse vehicles to block roadsTake advantage of natural barriersTake advantage of natural barriersUse tape, rope, barricades, & other Use tape, rope, barricades, & other warning materials to close up gapswarning materials to close up gapsDetermine if persons are Determine if persons are contaminated or in need of rescuecontaminated or in need of rescueRescue is usually not an option until Rescue is usually not an option until material(s) are identified, trained, & material(s) are identified, trained, & properly protected personnel on properly protected personnel on scenesceneAmbulatory contaminated persons Ambulatory contaminated persons should be collected in a safe upwind should be collected in a safe upwind area & decontaminatedarea & decontaminated


Perform emergency Perform emergency decon decon whenever contamination is confirmed or suspectedwhenever contamination is confirmed or suspectedUse fire hose to Use fire hose to ““flush flush -- strip strip -- flushflush””Do not waste time starting Do not waste time starting decondeconTry to pick a location that will protect privacy & minimize enviTry to pick a location that will protect privacy & minimize environmental impactsronmental impactsGrassy areas or a containment area formed by Grassy areas or a containment area formed by diking diking a curb / guttera curb / gutterAlmost all ERG guides call for flushing for 20 minutesAlmost all ERG guides call for flushing for 20 minutesIsolate contaminated clothing & secure personal valuablesIsolate contaminated clothing & secure personal valuablesFirefighters doing Firefighters doing decon decon should be in full protective gear & SCBAshould be in full protective gear & SCBAProvide something to dry off with & wear, provide medical care &Provide something to dry off with & wear, provide medical care & interviewinterviewIf possible, provide secondary If possible, provide secondary decon decon (proper shower with soap & warm water)(proper shower with soap & warm water)


Determine if there is a need to evacuateDetermine if there is a need to evacuateSometimes persons can be protected inside buildings by closing wSometimes persons can be protected inside buildings by closing windows, doorsindows, doorsCalled Called ““sheltering or protecting in placesheltering or protecting in place””Evacuation is getting exposed persons completely away from hazarEvacuation is getting exposed persons completely away from hazardsdsMost desirable, but hardest to accomplishMost desirable, but hardest to accomplishEspecially true in busy, crowded, congested airport terminals & Especially true in busy, crowded, congested airport terminals & baggage areasbaggage areasFocus on downwind areas, begin closest to release & work away frFocus on downwind areas, begin closest to release & work away from spill siteom spill siteOrange sections may indicate an evacuation distanceOrange sections may indicate an evacuation distanceHighlighted yellow or blue, refer to green section, you will neeHighlighted yellow or blue, refer to green section, you will need to evacuated to evacuate


If 4 digit UN ID number is known, go If 4 digit UN ID number is known, go to yellow section of ERG (Pages 25to yellow section of ERG (Pages 25--95)95)

Sequentially lists the United Nations Sequentially lists the United Nations (UN) numbers, proper shipping (UN) numbers, proper shipping name, & orange guide for all the name, & orange guide for all the common common haz haz mat transportedmat transported

Find the UN #, go to the appropriate Find the UN #, go to the appropriate orange guide, & follow its directionorange guide, & follow its direction

If it is highlighted in yellow, it is If it is highlighted in yellow, it is especially bad stuff & you may have especially bad stuff & you may have to evacuateto evacuate

Refer to green section in back of Refer to green section in back of ERGERG


If proper shipping name of material is If proper shipping name of material is available, refer to blue section of ERG available, refer to blue section of ERG (Pages 97(Pages 97--167)167)

Alphabetically lists the proper shipping Alphabetically lists the proper shipping names of commonly transported names of commonly transported haz haz matmatRecommended guide & UN numberRecommended guide & UN number

Be sure to use exact & correct Be sure to use exact & correct spellingspelling

Go to recommended guide & follow Go to recommended guide & follow directionsdirections

If it is highlighted blue, it is bad stuff & If it is highlighted blue, it is bad stuff & will probably need to evacuatewill probably need to evacuateRefer to green section for isolation & Refer to green section for isolation & evacuation distancesevacuation distances


Green section is Green section is ““Table of Initial Isolation & Protective Action DistancesTable of Initial Isolation & Protective Action DistancesYellow & blue highlighted materials are listed sequentially by UYellow & blue highlighted materials are listed sequentially by UN #N #List isolations distances for small & large spillsList isolations distances for small & large spillsSmall spill is one from a single small package or a small leak fSmall spill is one from a single small package or a small leak from a large containerrom a large containerLarge spill is a large leak from large container or many smallerLarge spill is a large leak from large container or many smaller containerscontainersLarger evacuation distances are listed for night Larger evacuation distances are listed for night vs vs day, explained on page 4 of ERGday, explained on page 4 of ERGDifferent dispersion, night air is calmer, so chemical dispersesDifferent dispersion, night air is calmer, so chemical disperses less, more toxicless, more toxicDuring day, chemicals are dispersed more by active atmosphere, lDuring day, chemicals are dispersed more by active atmosphere, less toxic areaess toxic areaAdjust original isolation & evacuation distances if indicated byAdjust original isolation & evacuation distances if indicated by green sectiongreen section


Last part of green section Last part of green section lists yellow & blue lists yellow & blue highlighted materials that highlighted materials that are also water reactive & are also water reactive & the toxic gas that is the toxic gas that is producedproduced

Page 301 identifies how to Page 301 identifies how to estimate spread of toxic estimate spread of toxic concentration downwindconcentration downwind

Width of the furthest Width of the furthest downwind spread of a downwind spread of a toxic cloud will usually be toxic cloud will usually be as wide as the distance as wide as the distance the cloud has spread the cloud has spread downwinddownwind


Inside cover of ERG identifies Inside cover of ERG identifies important information required on important information required on shipping papersshipping papersA telephone number is required A telephone number is required where responders can obtain where responders can obtain emergency information about emergency information about shipment, 24 hours a dayshipment, 24 hours a dayNumber is oftenNumber is often ChemtrecChemtrec. . Sometimes it is the manufacturer.Sometimes it is the manufacturer.The manufacturer, shipper, & The manufacturer, shipper, & consignee can often be contacted consignee can often be contacted for information, assistance, or a for information, assistance, or a faxed copy of MSDSfaxed copy of MSDS4 emergency response 4 emergency response communication services listed on communication services listed on page 10page 10Will need to know UN# or name Will need to know UN# or name of material & nature of problemof material & nature of problemCan provide response guidelines Can provide response guidelines & high quality MSDS& high quality MSDSCan also contact shippers, Can also contact shippers, manufacturers, other assistancemanufacturers, other assistance


Page 1 & next several pages Page 1 & next several pages give instructions on how to use give instructions on how to use ERGERG

During initial response to aDuring initial response to a haz haz mat emergency is not the time mat emergency is not the time to learn how to use ERGto learn how to use ERG

Page 1 also indicates what Page 1 also indicates what guides to use for explosivesguides to use for explosives


Page 11 lists how to contact National Response Center (NRC)Page 11 lists how to contact National Response Center (NRC)Must be notified when hazardous substances are released in envirMust be notified when hazardous substances are released in environment onment above a certain reportable quantityabove a certain reportable quantityRQ should be listed on shipping paper or in RQ should be listed on shipping paper or in Haz Haz Mat Table in CFR 49Mat Table in CFR 49NRC should also be notified anytime a person is contaminated, inNRC should also be notified anytime a person is contaminated, injured, or jured, or killed, or release involves environmental damage or cleanupkilled, or release involves environmental damage or cleanupResponsible party (RP) is required by law to notify NRC & 911Responsible party (RP) is required by law to notify NRC & 911Criminal & civil penalties for failure to make notificationsCriminal & civil penalties for failure to make notificationsResponders will also usually make notifications, but not requireResponders will also usually make notifications, but not required tod to


Page 11 also Page 11 also lists contacts for lists contacts for military military shipmentsshipments

Poison Control Poison Control should be should be contacted contacted anytime anytime someone is someone is contaminatedcontaminated


Also located in the front of Also located in the front of ERG is the Hazard ERG is the Hazard Classification SystemClassification System

Shows 9 hazard classes & Shows 9 hazard classes & corresponding subdivisionscorresponding subdivisions

Found on shipping papers & Found on shipping papers & bottom of placards & labelsbottom of placards & labels


Identify involved materials & determine conditionsIdentify involved materials & determine conditionsAttempt to locate shipping documents, MSDS, & other written infoAttempt to locate shipping documents, MSDS, & other written informationrmationInterview responsible persons & witnessesInterview responsible persons & witnessesExamine involved area with binoculars Examine involved area with binoculars If a placard or label is visible, use If a placard or label is visible, use ““Table of Placards & Initial Response Table of Placards & Initial Response GuidesGuides”” (Pages 16(Pages 16--17), determine appropriate guide, & follow its directions17), determine appropriate guide, & follow its directions


Gather as much information as you canGather as much information as you canWhat type & quantity of containers are involved?What type & quantity of containers are involved?What is their condition & quantity of contents?What is their condition & quantity of contents?How are the containers behaving & what conditions are affecting How are the containers behaving & what conditions are affecting that behavior?that behavior?Take note of every aspect of the involved areaTake note of every aspect of the involved areaWhat are the symptoms exhibited by contaminated persons?What are the symptoms exhibited by contaminated persons?Sometimes a similar container can be located on the airportSometimes a similar container can be located on the airportLabels can provide a lot of information, emergency instructions,Labels can provide a lot of information, emergency instructions, or contactsor contactsTry to obtain copies of shipping papers & Try to obtain copies of shipping papers & MSDSMSDS’’ss


Take actions to contain, slow, restrict, or redirect spread of sTake actions to contain, slow, restrict, or redirect spread of spilled materialspilled materialsAs long as safe to do so & ARFF will not be exposed in any wayAs long as safe to do so & ARFF will not be exposed in any wayEliminate ignition sources near released flammable materialsEliminate ignition sources near released flammable materialsConsider preparing for possible ignitionConsider preparing for possible ignitionProvide decontamination & exposure documentation for emergency Provide decontamination & exposure documentation for emergency respondersrespondersDocument & keep chronological records of all information gathereDocument & keep chronological records of all information gathered, incident d, incident events, & actions takenevents, & actions taken


What tasks ARFF will perform at fuel spills depends on:What tasks ARFF will perform at fuel spills depends on:DDepartment proceduresepartment proceduresIInteragency agreementsnteragency agreements

Minimum service will be to standbyMinimum service will be to standbyPrevent or deal with iPrevent or deal with ignition of spilled fuelgnition of spilled fuelPProvide first aid or decontaminationrovide first aid or decontamination

Some ARFF departments may be tasked with controlling spill, recoSome ARFF departments may be tasked with controlling spill, recovery, & very, & cleanclean--upup

Aircraft Lavatory Waste SpillsAircraft Lavatory Waste Spills

Lav Lav waste tanks on air carrier aircraft range from 20 to over 300 gawaste tanks on air carrier aircraft range from 20 to over 300 gallon capacitiesllon capacitiesTanks are drained & reTanks are drained & re--supplied with fresh blue supplied with fresh blue degerming degerming solution as part of solution as part of normal ground servicingnormal ground servicingLav Lav waste usually disposed of an airport facilitywaste usually disposed of an airport facilitySpills may occur on aircraft ramp or in route to disposal siteSpills may occur on aircraft ramp or in route to disposal siteMay contain a considerable amount of toilet paper & solid human May contain a considerable amount of toilet paper & solid human wastewasteBesides offensive to sensesBesides offensive to sensesSSpills are a bio hazard & need to be properly cleaned uppills are a bio hazard & need to be properly cleaned up


Fixed & rotary wing aircraft used for aircraft spraying operatioFixed & rotary wing aircraft used for aircraft spraying operationsnsWide variety of toxic liquids & dusts can be encounteredWide variety of toxic liquids & dusts can be encounteredDifferent pesticides & herbicides used depending on pest & timeDifferent pesticides & herbicides used depending on pest & time of yearof yearMost fixed wing aircraft will be loaded at airport or dirt stripMost fixed wing aircraft will be loaded at airport or dirt strip & flown to& flown to job job sitesiteRotary wing aircraft are usually Rotary wing aircraft are usually trailered trailered to & loaded at job siteto & loaded at job siteAircraft can carry hundreds of gallons of chemicalAircraft can carry hundreds of gallons of chemical solutionssolutions


Airports are mass transit systems with a large number & concentrAirports are mass transit systems with a large number & concentration of civiliansation of civiliansThey are prime targets for terrorist acts involving nuclear, bioThey are prime targets for terrorist acts involving nuclear, biological, or chemical logical, or chemical (NBC) weapons of mass destruction (WMD)(NBC) weapons of mass destruction (WMD)ARFF needs to be trained & prepared to respond to these types ofARFF needs to be trained & prepared to respond to these types of emergenciesemergenciesMany training programs & sources of information are availableMany training programs & sources of information are availableChemical Chemical WMDs WMDs are basically treated just like a are basically treated just like a haz haz mat incidentmat incident


Indications of a possible terrorist incident involving NBC / WMDIndications of a possible terrorist incident involving NBC / WMD include:include:Explosions that disperse liquids, mists, vapors, or gasExplosions that disperse liquids, mists, vapors, or gasExplosions that only destroy a package or a bomb deviceExplosions that only destroy a package or a bomb deviceUnscheduled & unusual dissemination of aerosol spraysUnscheduled & unusual dissemination of aerosol spraysAbandoned spray devices or unexplained odorsAbandoned spray devices or unexplained odorsMass casualties without obvious cause or traumaMass casualties without obvious cause or traumaDefinite pattern of casualties & common symptomsDefinite pattern of casualties & common symptomsCivilian panic in a high profile target area, such as an airportCivilian panic in a high profile target area, such as an airport


Signs & symptoms of nuclear & biological agents typically appearSigns & symptoms of nuclear & biological agents typically appear hours to days hours to days after the incidentafter the incident

Emergency Response Guidebook has a section on NBC / WMDEmergency Response Guidebook has a section on NBC / WMD

Use ERG Guide #158 for Use ERG Guide #158 for biological agentsbiological agents & #163 for & #163 for nuclear agentsnuclear agents

Chemical agentsChemical agents are characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms within minutes are characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms within minutes or hours, as well as easily observed indicatorsor hours, as well as easily observed indicators

Types of chemical agents, common symptoms, & recommended ERG guiTypes of chemical agents, common symptoms, & recommended ERG guides:des:Blister agentsBlister agents (Guide #153) (Guide #153) -- Red eyes, skin irritation, burning sensation, Red eyes, skin irritation, burning sensation, blisters, upper respiratory damage, cough, comablisters, upper respiratory damage, cough, comaBlood agentsBlood agents (Guide #117) (Guide #117) -- Respiratory distress, headache, Respiratory distress, headache, unresponsiveness, seizures, comaunresponsiveness, seizures, comaChoking agentsChoking agents (Guide #125) (Guide #125) -- irritation to eyes, nose, & throat, respiratory irritation to eyes, nose, & throat, respiratory distress, nausea, vomiting, burning sensationdistress, nausea, vomiting, burning sensationNerve agentsNerve agents (Guide #153) (Guide #153) -- Pinpoint pupils, extreme headache, severe Pinpoint pupils, extreme headache, severe tightness in chest, tightness in chest, dyspneadyspnea, runny nose, coughing, salivation, , runny nose, coughing, salivation, unresponsiveness, seizuresunresponsiveness, seizures


Questions?Questions?

Les OmansLes Omans694 Bold Court, San Jose, California 95111, USA694 Bold Court, San Jose, California 95111, USA408408--362362--14431443foamnomans@[email protected]

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