Important Areas of Philosophy

Presented by:Syeda Sumia Khalid

Umme HabibaNarmeen Fraz

Anum ShehzadiSajda Aish

Philosophy:

• Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language.

Educational philosophy:

• An educational philosophy is a personal statement of a teacher's guiding principles about "big picture" education-related issues, such as how student learning and potential are most effectively maximized, as well as the role of educators in the classroom, school, community, and society.

Areas of philosophy:

• Philosophy is a complex field that has many different areas of thought. There are three major areas of philosophy of education. Each branch focuses on a different aspect and is central to your teaching. The three branches of philosophy are:

Continue…

• Metaphysics or ontology; what is the nature of reality?

• Epistemology; what is the nature of knowledge? How do we come to know?

• Axiology; what values should one live by?

Philosophical Branches:

Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology

Reality Knowledge Values

Logic

• Deductive

• Inductive

Ethics (moral values)

Aesthetics (beauty)

Metaphysics:

What is the nature of REALITY?

Metaphysics:

Continue…

• Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence.

• It answers the question "What is?" It encompasses everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence itself.

• It says whether the world is real, or merely an illusion.

Importance of Metaphysics:

• Metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy.

• Without an explanation or an interpretation of the world around us, we would be helpless to deal with reality.

• Without this firm foundation, all knowledge becomes suspect.

Key Elements of a Metaphysics:

• Reality is absolute. It has a specific nature independent of our thoughts or feelings.

• The world around us is real. It has a specific nature and it must be consistent to that nature.

• A proper metaphysical worldview must aim to understand reality correctly.

Continue…Metaphysics:

Basics Specifics Technicalitie

•Axiom

•Existence Exists

•Identity

•Consciousness

•Reality is Absolute

•Causality

•Nothing

•Contradiction

•An Entity is a Sum of Its Parts

•Mental Entities

•The Metaphysical Versus the Man-Made

Epistemology:

What is the nature of knowledge? How do we come to know?

Epistemology:

Epistemology:• Investigation into the grounds and nature

of knowledge itself

• It focuses on: – our means for acquiring knowledge – and how we can differentiate between truth

and falsehood.

• Modern epistemology generally involves:– a debate between rationalism and empiricism– or the question of whether knowledge can be

acquired a priori or a posteriori.

Continue…It is importance because:•It is fundamental to how we think•Without some means of understanding

– how we acquire knowledge

– how we rely upon our senses,

– and how we develop concepts in our minds

• We have no coherent path for our thinking•A sound epistemology is necessary for the existence of sound thinking and reasoning•this is why so much philosophical literature can involve seemingly arcane discussions about the nature of knowledge• Unfortunately, atheists who frequently debate questions that derive from differences in how people approach knowledge aren't always familiar with this subject.

Continue…

Questions Asked in Epistemology:•What can we know?•How can we know it?•Why do we know some things, but not others?•How do we acquire knowledge?•Is knowledge possible?•Can knowledge be certain?•How can we differentiate truth from falsehood?•Why do we believe certain claims and not others?

Axiology:

What values should one live by?

Axiology:…