areas in cs

8/11/2019 Areas in CS

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Research Areas in CSNarendran Thangarajan,Final Year CSE, SSNCE.


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Outline

Thanks to forefathers!

Branches in Computer Science Theoretical Applied


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Thanks to our forefathers!

I dont want history. Show me the super cool stuff now!

Wilhelm Schickard Designed the first mechanical calculator(1623). Why? Keplers laws of planetary motion.

Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first workingmechanical calculator (1642). Why? He wanted to help his father with his tax revenue

calculations.

Charles Babbage Difference Engine and Analytical Engine Why? Producing tables was time consuming and expensive at that

time.


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First Computer Science Degree Diploma in Computer Science at the University of Cambridge

Computer Library (1953).

In USA, first computer science degree program started at PurdueUniversity in 1962.

Who named it? George Forsythe, founder and head of Stanford Universitys

Computer Science Department.


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Branches in CS CSAB Computing Sciences Accreditation Board

Accreditation of computing disciplines.

Two Major Branches Theoretical Computer Science Applied Computer Science


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Theoretical Computer Science

Has many sub-branches like

Theory of Computation

Information and Coding theory

Algorithms and Data Structures

Programming Language Theory

Formal Methods Concurrent, Parallel and Distributed systems.

Databases and Information Retrieval


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TOC answers the questions What can be automated? What amount of resources are required to perform those

computations?

Automata Theory Study of abstract machines. DFA, NFA, PDA, Turing Machines

Computability Theory Is the problem solvable on a particular

model of computation? Computational Complexity Theory How efficiently a problem can

be solved. Time and space complexities.

Eg: P vs. NP Problems (MIT labs)


Theory of Computation


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Information Theory Claude E. Shannon. Father of information theory Find fundamental limits on signal processing operations Eg : Shannon-Hartley Theorem Theoretical upper bound of

channel capacity. Eg : Nyquist-Shannon Theorem Sampling rate limit

Coding Theory Study of properties of codes and their fitness for an application. Two aspects

Data Compression (source coding)Error Correction (channel coding)

Eg: Text, Image, Video, Audio Compression. Eg: Lempel-Ziv algorithms


Information and Coding Theory


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Mathematically-based techniques for the specification,development and verification of software and hardware systems. Why?

Specification Used to give a description of the system to be developed. Eg: BNF Describes CFG Eg: Petri Nets describes distributed systems.

Development Based on the specification software or hardware.

Verification Automated Theorem Proving Produce a formal proof from scratch Model Checking Exhaustive search of all possible states.


Formal Methods


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Concurrency Property of systems where several computations are executing

simultaneously, and potentially interacting with each other. Eg: Dining Philosophers problem Where? Operating Systems and DBMS

Distributed Computing Consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate

through a computer network.

A problem is divided into many tasks each solved by one or morecomputers. Why and where do we use distributed systems?

Graphics ProcessingScientific Computing

Network File System

Theoretical Computer ScienceConcurrent, Parallel and Distributed

Computing


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Database Organized collection of data supporting efficient processes. DBMS Software package helping in creation, maintenance and

usage of databases. Eg: Oracle, MySQL

Requirements DDL ,DML, Security and Workflow and BPM

Data Models RM, OM, ORM, XML Model Database Languages SQL, OQL, XQuery DB Design Entities, Relationships and Normalization. Database Tuning I/O level, DBMS level, DBMS maintenance. Database storage structures B+ Trees, Heaps, Hashed Buckets. ACID constraint Query Optimization Find a way to process a given query in

minimum time.


Databases and Information retrieval


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Has many sub branches like

Artificial Intelligence

Computer Architecture and Engineering Computer Graphics and Visualization

Computer Security and Cryptography

Software Engineering

Applied Computer Science


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Study and design of Intelligent Agents. Intelligent Agents A system that perceives its environment

and takes actions that maximizes its chances of success.

Knowledge Representation Many problems agents are expected to solve requires extensiveknowledge about the world.

Planning - Agents should set goals and achieve them. Learning

Machine Learning Unsupervised learning, Supervised learning(classification, regression), Reinforcement learning.

Related Fields NLP, Robotics, Perception (Sensors),Emotion and Social Skills, Creativity.


Artificial Intelligence


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Selecting and interconnecting hardware components to createfunctional computers.

A Blueprint How the CPU acts and how it accesses computermemory.

Three parts Instruction Set Architecture instruction set, word size, addressing MicroArchitecture Eg: Computers cache size. System Design

Data paths computer buses and switches

Memory Controllers and hierarchiesData Processing DMA Virtualization / Multiprocessing

Computer Engineering Design VLSI chips, write software andfirmware for embedded microcontrollers, OS design, sensors etc.


Computer Architecture and Engineering


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Digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.

Three major subfields

Geometry represent and process surfaces Animation represent and manipulate motion Rendering reproduce light transport and scattering.

Fractals Generating infinite patterns like trees. Julia set and the Mandelbrot series


Computer Graphics and Visualization


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The collective processes and mechanisms by which sensitive and valuable information and services are protected from publication,tampering or collapse by unauthorized activities or untrustworthyindividuals and unplanned events respectively Some Silencer on Wiki

Maintain the CIA Confidentiality Integrity Authentication

Cryptography studying and practising techniques for securecommunication Symmetric Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography Cryptanalysis Cryptographic primitives and Cryptosystems


Computer Security and Cryptography


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Systematic approach to the development, operation andmaintenance of software.

Nutshell : Application of Engineering to software.

Sub-disciplines Software requirements Software design Software construction

Software testing Software maintenance


Software Engineering


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Thats all folks! So CS is not just Programming. Hence Proved.

Choose a domain of interest. Open up Google Scholar and search for recent papers

(since 2011). Choose an interesting paper, study thoroughly and start

implementing the proposal made.


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Thank You

areas in cs

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