Federal AviationAdministration

Performance Based Navigation

Today & Tomorrow An FAA Perspective

Presented by: John Barry AIR-131 Aero Engineer/Tech Pilot Aircraft Certification

Presented to: OSWG Date: March 2016

Federal AviationAdministration

PBN Qualification & Ops Approval• What’s PBN & RNP?

• RNP AR(?)

• Ongoing RNP AR Approvals

• PBN Guidance Material

• Future Challenges for PBN

Federal AviationAdministration

PBN(?) Terminology• What’s PBN?

o Performance-Based Navigation → RNAV & RNP

• What’s RNAV? ─ Area Navigation• What’s RNP? ─ Required Navigation

Performance◦ Area Navigation (RNAV) + (monitoring & alerting)

◦ What about “RNAV (GPS)”?◦ RNAV (GPS) approach is an RNP approach → RNP APCH◦ No change in titling approach procedures◦ No requirement for a new airworthiness approval!

Federal AviationAdministration

RNP AR Operational Concept• Safety Assurance Philosophy

– No change in hazard ID & mitigation → TLS 1×10-7

– Took advantage of existing airworthiness approvals– Applies to new airworthiness projects – contact us!

• Remain “New” Airworthiness & Ops Concepts– No published FAA guidance prior to AC 90-101 (2005)– Still evolving → AC 90-101A & AC 20-138D

• RNP AR Approach Operational Success Requires Close Coordination Across Disciplines– Procedure Design– Aircraft Performance & Design– Operations

Federal AviationAdministration

RNAV & RNP Guidance Material• FAA AC 90-100A → Terminal & En Route RNAV Ops• FAA AC 90-105A* → RNP Ops & Baro-VNAV

◦ Departure, arrival & approach ops → advanced features• FAA AC 90-101A → Ops & Airworthiness Criteria◦ Alternate means of compliance for monitoring GPS◦ “RNP SAAAR” become “RNP AR” → international harmony

• FAA Order 8260.58 → PBN Procedure Design ◦ Updated RNP AR missed approach design criteria ◦ Harmonized with ICAO PANS-OPS PBN criteria

• ICAO Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) Manual◦ Doc 9613 → based on U.S./EASA criteria → expanding

Federal AviationAdministration

ICAO PBN Manual – Vol II, Part CImplementing RNP Operations

Chapter 6: Implementing RNP AR APCH– Unique due to reduced obstacle clearance & advanced

functional requirements– Obstacle clearance based on 2×RNP w/no secondary OCS – May apply RNP accuracy values between 0.3 & 0.1– Requires compliance with vertical error budget – Requires an alert when GNSS updating is lost– May use GNSS vertical guidance in lieu of baro-VNAV

For RNP AR APCH missed approach ops requiring less than 1.0 to avoid obstacles or terrain, the loss of the display of lateral guidance is a hazardous (severe-major) failure condition.

Federal AviationAdministration

Challenges for RNP AR Ops Approval• No aircraft type design in full compliance

– New aircraft type designs → certification plan???• No flight crew procedures from aircraft OEM

– Customers do not use OEM checklists? → OEM should still define specific RNP AR flight crew procedures by aircraft type & configuration

– If no OEM procedures, more FAA oversight required• Multiple variants of a single aircraft type design

– Variations in avionics require specific recognition ─ tail # by tail # ─ of aircraft qualification in ops application

– Application should breakout major systems impacting RNP AR aircraft performance

• Need RNP capability documentation

Federal AviationAdministration

RNP AR Ops Approvals• Recent Operational Approvals:

◦ United 787 BP3◦ Virgin America A320 new deliveries◦ Cathay Pacific 777◦ Qatar 777◦ NetJets Int’l – Aspen Special◦ jetBlue – Embraer temp comp◦ Numerous Gulfstream Operators – G450/550 (RNP 0.30)◦ Delta A319/320◦ American 787◦ Act Two Falcon 900 EX◦ Miami Air 737

• Numerous applications staged &/or pending

Federal AviationAdministration

Aircraft & RNP AR Ops Approval• Boeing aircraft performance details found in the

RNP Capabilities Documents – by aircraft type– Incomplete documentation led to 2008 memo of

understanding between Boeing, FAA & operators to specific RNP AR requirements • Example: B767 does not meet the RNP AR vertical error budget &

requires unique pilot vertical deviations limits– Boeing revising all RNP Capabilities Documents

• Began in Fall 2015 with 777 and 787• 747 and 737 in review• 757, 767 to complete this year

– Different capabilities with different customer options• Operator must provide listing of Optional Program Code selections

for each hardware and software configuration

Federal AviationAdministration

Aircraft & RNP AR Ops Approval

• Airbus aircraft performance details found in the Airbus Compliance Documents – Airbus aircraft configurations are not common, even within

a single type design (i.e. A300 configuration not common)– Each operator must provide a copy of the ACD applicable

to their particular aircraft

Federal AviationAdministration

John Barry/ AIR-131 / 202-267-1665 John.C.Barry@faa.gov

Questions?