are you ready for chemistry?. some terms: chemistry the study of matter, its composition and its...
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Are you ready for chemistry?
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Some terms:
Chemistry The study of matter, its composition and its
interactions Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Property A characteristic
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Physical Change
A change in which the substance changes form, but not compostion
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Chemical change
A change in which the substance changes composition and makes something new.
http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/science
9/chemistry/lesson8c.html
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Qualitative vs Quantitative
An observation that does not contain a number.
Example: It is warm outside.
An observation that does contain a number.
Example: The temperature outside is 25C.
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Mixture
A combination of two or more kinds of matter, in which each component retains its own characteristics.
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Solution vs Heterogeneous mixture
A mixture in which the different components are mixed so that they appear to be a single substance
A mixture in which the different components can be distinctly seen.
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Pure substance
A material that is composed of only one type of particle. (Can be an element or a compound.)
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Element vs compound
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into smaller particles and retain the same properties.
A pure substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions.
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Atomic number vs Mass number
The number of protons in an atom
A sum of the protons and neutrons in one atom of a particular element.
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Isotope
Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them a different mass number.
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Radioisotope
An unstable isotope of an element, which undergoes radioactive decay.
Plutonium pellet
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Gas Tests
Type of Splint Used
Result
Oxygen glowing Relights
Hydrogen Flaming Pops
Carbon Dioxide
Glowing Extinguishes
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5 Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place:
1. A colour change is observed. 2. The change is difficult to reverse. 3. Bubbles of gas are produced. 4. Heat or light is released or absorbed. 5. A precipitate forms when two
solutions are mixed.
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Physical or Chemical Change? A. Rusting of metal?
Chemical B. Dissolving of sugar?
physical C. Water freezing?
physical D. Burning Leaves?
chemical E. Dynamite exploding?
chemical F. Shattering Glass?
Physical
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Qualitative or Quantitative
A. The flame from the burning carbon was 4 cm high. Quantitative
B. Coal is the primary source of carbon. Qualitative
C. The apple has a mass of 200g. Quantitative
D. Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature. Qualitative
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Name Symbol Name Symbol
Hydrogen H Carbon C
Oxygen O Sodium Na
Aluminum Al Chlorine Cl
Calcium Ca Iodine I
Lithium Li Gold Au
Potassium K Lead Pb
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Calcium:
A. In what period is it located? 4
B. In what group is it located? 2
C. What is its atomic number? 20
D. What is its atomic mass? 40 amu
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Two main types of bonds
Ionic Bonding Electrons are
transferred from a metal to a non-metal
Covalent bonding Electrons are shared
between two non-metals
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Binary Compounds A. MgO
Magnesium oxide B. Li3P
Lithium phosphide C. CaBr2
Calcium bromide D. BaCl2
Barium chloride E. K2S
Potassium sulphide F. AlN
Aluminum nitride
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Write the word equation for each of the following:
A. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide. Magnesium + oxygen Magnesium oxide
B. Copper (II) sulphate reacts with lithium nitrate to produce lithium sulphate and copper (II) nitrate. Copper (II) sulphate + lithium nitrate lithium
sulphate + copper (II) nitrate
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5 types of chemical reactions.
1. Synthesis Two or more substances become one A + B AB
2. Decompostion One substance breaks down into two or more
products AB A + B
3. Single Displacement One element replaces another in a compound A + BC AC + B or AB + C CB + A
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5 types of chemical reactions
4. Double Displacement Two compounds switch ions. AB +CD CB + AD
5. Combustion A reaction with oxygen that produces carbon
dioxide and water Hydrocarbon + O2 H2O + CO2