arduino workshop in macau

2014.08.04~05 主辦：藝術無國界贊助機構：澳門文化局課程講師：張傑名（Jimmy）

ARDUINO 自造機工作坊

What is Arduino?

Arduino robotics

VertiBOT

8x8x8 LED

EyeWriter

Secret Knock Door Lock

Turn Signal Biking Jacket

Botanicalls

Sigh Collector

Tweet a watt

Bubblesteen

Air Drums

Flappy Bird in a Box

Mario in a Box

Super Angry Birds

Moody Useless Machines

Knock Knock

Moving Mario

Pinokio

Laser Harp

Football Hero

CirCAT Board

MaKey MaKey

Mimicry

Reference

What is Arduino?

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects.

Massimo Banzi

David Cuartielles

Board

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno

Schematic

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno

Types of Arduino

Arduino UNO

Arduino MEGA

Arduino NANO

Arduino MINI

LilyPad

Arduino Shield

http://shieldlist.org

Shield List


Ethernet

Motor Shield

Wave Shield

RFID Shield

Extreme Sensor Kit

Where To Buy?

Handbook

Circuit Sketch

Fritzing

123D Circuits

Electronics Toolkit

Specification

ATmega328 ( Single Chip Microcomputer )

Flash Memory : 32KB儲存⾃自定程式碼及開機程式

!SRAM : 2KB

暫存程式執⾏行中所需要的資料

EEPROM : 1KB 儲存程式永久資料

Clock Speed : 16 MHz

Analog Input x 6 pins Digital I/O Pins : 14

One Chip Arduino

PWM x 14 pins

Digital I/O x 14 pins

Analog Input x 6 pins

ATMEGA328P

Type-B USB

DC Jack

Input / Output

Development Tools

Lets Get Rocked…

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

ctrl + u

Done compiling

Hello World

communication

Analog I/O

Digital I/O重

點精華

Digital I/O x 14 pins

ATMEGA328P

A.標準LED B.雙⾊色或三⾊色（RGB）LED C.閃光LED D.紅外線（IR）LED E.⻝⾷食⼈人⿂魚LED（⾼高功率LED） F.表⾯面黏著型LED（SMD） G.紫外線LED（⿊黑光LED）

LED

+ _

A B D E

F

+_

電路符號

A.碳膜電阻 B.⽔水泥電阻 C.可變電阻（電位計） D.滑桿電阻

Resistor電路符號

A

B

C

D

A.按鈕/鍵開關 B.⽔水銀開關 C.微動開關 D.震動開關 E.磁簧開關 F.搖頭開關

Switch/Button

電路符號

A

BC

D

E F

數位輸出像電池⼀一樣可提供⾼高電位（正極）每個腳位最⼤大可輸出40mA 加⼊入負載元件連接⾄至地極便可形成⼀一個可控制的迴路

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

0V

5V

Digital Output

int led = 13; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); } !void loop() { digitalWrite(led, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(led, LOW); delay(1000); }

Digital Output

int LEDs[] = {9,11,13}; int total = sizeof(LEDs); int index = 0; !void setup() { for(int i=0; i<total; i++) { pinMode(LEDs[i], OUTPUT); } } !void loop() { for(int i=0; i<total; i++) { digitalWrite(LEDs[i], LOW); } digitalWrite(LEDs[index], HIGH); index++; if(index == total) index=0; delay(200); }

7-Segment Display

共負或共正

共負或共正

共負：負極都接在⼀一起

共正：正極都接在⼀一起

Digital Output

int LEDs[] = {2,3}; int total = sizeof(LEDs); int index = 0; !void setup() { for(int i=0; i<total; i++) { pinMode(LEDs[i], OUTPUT); } } !void loop() { for(int i=0; i<total; i++) { digitalWrite(LEDs[i], LOW); } }

共正極

Shift Register

輸⼊入間隔

最後同時⼀一次輸出

74HC595

10110111 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

Digital Output

int dataPin = 9; int gatePin = 11; int clockPin = 12; !void setup() { pinMode(dataPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(gatePin, OUTPUT); pinMode(clockPin, OUTPUT); } !void loop() { digitalWrite(gatePin, LOW); shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, LSBFIRST, B00000011); digitalWrite(gatePin, HIGH); }

12

8

34 56 7B00000011LSBFIRST

18

數位輸⼊入可提供低電位（接地）每個腳位最⼤大可輸⼊入40mA 通常與開關連接形成迴路來控制輸出或通訊

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

0V

5V

13

pin D11

9

按住亮，放開暗

Digital Input

int led = 13; int send = 11; int receive = 9; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(send, OUTPUT); pinMode(receive, INPUT); } !void loop() { digitalWrite(send, HIGH); boolean val = digitalRead(receive); if(val) digitalWrite(led, HIGH); else digitalWrite(led, LOW); }

彈跳 (Bouncing)這是機械開關最常⾒見的問題我們以為只有按⼀一次但實際上會產⽣生多次按壓的現象雖然發⽣生在幾微秒的時間內卻⾜足以上微電腦記錄下來造成誤判

期望 00000001111111111111 實際 00000000100101111111

按下放開按下

放開

消除彈跳 (De-Bouncing)硬體解法：RC電路

軟體解法：當程式在讀取輸⼊入腳位的狀態並且偵測到變化時，在⼀一定時間的延遲後再進⾏行⼀一次讀取⼯工作。如果程式確認狀態有變化則代表開關/按鈕已經改變了位置。

Digital Input

int led = 13; int send = 11; int receive = 9; boolean oldState = LOW; boolean nowState = LOW; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(send, OUTPUT); pinMode(receive, INPUT); oldState = digitalRead(receive); } !void loop() { digitalWrite(send, HIGH); boolean r1 = digitalRead(receive);

Digital Input

if(r1 != oldState) { delay(20); boolean r2 = digitalRead(receive); if(r1 == r2) { oldState = r1; nowState = !nowState; digitalWrite(led, nowState); } } }

按下，放開，亮按下，放開，暗按下，放開，亮

Practice 1

Practice 2按住三秒，閃爍三秒像機器Reset情形

Digital Input

#include <IRremote.h> int RECV_PIN = 13; IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN); decode_results results; !void setup() { irrecv.enableIRIn(); pinMode(9, OUTPUT); } !void loop() { if (irrecv.decode(&results)) { if(results.value == 16593103) digitalWrite(9, HIGH); else digitalWrite(9, LOW); } }

對準IR接收器按下遙控器電源鍵

Digital Input

int irRece = 10; int led = 13; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(irRece, INPUT); digitalWrite(led, LOW); } !void loop() { boolean val = digitalRead(irRece); if (val) digitalWrite(led, HIGH); else digitalWrite(led, LOW); }

IR接收

IR發射

ATMEGA328P

Analog Input x 6 pins

類⽐比輸⼊入不同於數位訊號只有兩種狀態類⽐比訊號為⼀一串連續的數值在Arduino代表0V~5V之間可能的數值透過內建A/D轉換器進⾏行取樣

Potentiometerc

電流從A流⼊入，CW與CB流出，當W為量測腳位時測量到的電阻值為AC

+ _

int pot = 0; int led = 13; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(pot, INPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } !void loop() { boolean val = analogRead(pot); Serial.println(val); digitalWrite(led, HIGH); delay(val); digitalWrite(led, LOW); delay(val); }

Analog Input

按下IDE右上⽅方圖⽰示

將數據顯⽰示在Serial Monitor

Analog Input

int pot = 0; int led = 13; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(pot, INPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } !void loop() { boolean val = analogRead(pot); Serial.println(val); digitalWrite(led, HIGH); delay(val); digitalWrite(led, LOW); delay(val); }

將可以換成蜂鳴⽚片觀察在Monitor的數值變化 (中間接正，外圈接負)

PWM

橫軸為時間，analogWrite(64)代表在⼀一個⼯工作週期的時間中，⾼高電位(5V)的時間佔整個週期時間的25%，所以平均來看像是提供了1.25V的電⼒力，因此利⽤用此概念，我們可以⽤用來控制LED的亮度或⾺馬達的轉速

t

t

t

t

t

Analog Outputint analogOutPin = 11; !void setup() { pinMode(analogOutPin, OUTPUT); } !void loop() { analogWrite(analogOutPin, 0); delay(500); analogWrite(analogOutPin, 64); delay(500); analogWrite(analogOutPin, 128); delay(500); analogWrite(analogOutPin, 255); delay(500); analogWrite(analogOutPin, 128); delay(500); analogWrite(analogOutPin, 64); delay(500); }

最亮

Analog Output

#include <Servo.h> Servo myservo; int pot = 0; int val; !void setup() { myservo.attach(9); } !void loop() { val = analogRead(pot); val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 179); myservo.write(val); delay(15); }

讀⼊入類⽐比訊號數值介於0~1023，透過map⽅方法將數值依照⽐比例轉換為0~179數值

ATMEGA328P

serial communication

Serial Communication

int led = 11; !void setup() { pinMode(led, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); digitalWrite(led, LOW); } !!void loop() { if(Serial.available()>0) { int val = Serial.read(); Serial.println(val); if(val==97) { digitalWrite(led, HIGH); } } }

代表有收到資料

傳送過來的數值會轉換為 ascii碼，因此97代表⼩小寫‘a’


利⽤用Aeduino上的Serial Library我們可以很容易的利⽤用任何⼀一種⼯工具語⾔言來跟Aeduino進⾏行資料傳輸與溝通，以下我們將透過Apache來架設網⾴頁伺服器，並利⽤用PHP的Serial⽅方法與Aeduino進⾏行溝通 !⾸首先安裝XAMPP這套整合軟體，其內建Apache + MySQL + PHP，可以幫助我們輕鬆地建⽴立網⾴頁開發環境，接著只需要三⾏行PHP程式碼我們就透過網⾴頁跟Arduino溝通囉！

XAMPP https://www.apachefriends.org/zh_tw/index.html

=

https://www.apachefriends.org/zh_tw/index.html


XAMPP安裝完成後，打開manager-osx管理介⾯面中的Manage Servers並按下右⽅方Start鍵，接著在瀏覽器網址列地⽅方輸⼊入127.0.0.1或localhost，若有看到XAMPP歡迎畫⾯面代表你安裝成功囉！ !!!!!!若Apache Web Server無法啟動，請打開MAC終端機輸⼊入sudo apachectl stop


接著我們在應⽤用程式找到XAMPP資料夾，其中htdocs中我們可以看到⼀一個名為index.php的檔案，⽤用⽂文字編輯器打開index.php，刪除所有內容後輸⼊入以下程式碼並存檔： !<?php $fp =fopen("連接埠", "w"); fwrite($fp, 'a'); fclose($fp); ?> !

window作業系統在連接埠填⼊入如”COM?” mac作業系統則填⼊入如”/dev/tty.usbmodem?”

最後打開瀏覽器並在網址列中輸⼊入127.0.0.1，此時網⾴頁會透過Serial傳送⼀一個⼩小寫的’a’字元給Arduino，Arduino在接收到資料後便會將LED點亮

arduino workshop in macau

Devices & Hardware