THE ARCTIC EXPEDITIONS IN THE 19TH CENTURY

POLAR EXPLORERS (THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY) AND CURRENT EXPEDITIONSIN THE ARCTIC (THE 21ST CENTURY)

N.N. Zubov

THE ARCTIC ICE«Glavsevmorput»Publishing-House

Moscow, 1941

Sea Ice Conditions along the Northern Sea Route in the middle of September 1936

THE VEGA CRUISE (July 1878 – July 1879)

MMBI KSC RAS AND SSC RAS RESEARCH IN THE ANTARCTIC IN 2007–2009RESEARCH STATION «BELLINSGAUZEN»

THE MANYCH-KERCH STRAIT IN THE EPOCH OF EXTREME FLOODS DURING THE MELT OF THE SCANDINAVIAN GLACIER

Matishov, G.G. (1987). The World Ocean and the Earth’s Glaciation. Moscow. Mysl’

ACTIVITIES ON THE ATLAS OF CLIMATIC CHANGES(LMEs OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC)

Sea Of Azov                 153 000+ stationsCaspian Sea                 43  000+ stationsBlack Sea                      83 000+ stations

WATER TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS IN THE BARENTS SEA

17000 stations1938-2002

33000 stations1880-2007

April August

THE BARENTS SEA DATABASE(JANUARY 2013)

NOAA, MMBI KSC RAS, SSC RAS

DATABASE TOFORECAST INNER-

SECULAR FLUCTUATIONS

OF CLIMATE

43 357 STATIONS

42 519 STATIONS

Distribution of Stations

(Measurements of Water

Temperature in the West Bering

Sea LME)

Period:From ХХХХ to

ХХХХ

47 298 stations

SEASONAL FIELDS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY

COLD RECORD IN THE ARCTIC. ICE IN THE BERING SEA REMAINED FOR

MORE THAN 100 DAYS

CHART OF THE ICE SITUATION

IN THE CASPIAN SEA, 14-15.02.2012

25 MARCH 2012

Water temperature

Maximum (in a warm period)

Minimum (in a cold period)

Air temperature

The freeze-up duration

BEGINNING OF THE FREEZE-UP

IN THE TAGANROG BAY (THE SEA OF AZOV) IN

THE EARLY 21st CENTURY

EXTREMELY SEVERE WINTERSIN THE SEA OF AZOV

(44 – 47° N.L.)26 March 2012 11 April 2012

ACTUAL SITUATION OF THE SIBERIAN ANTICYCLONE DEVELOPMENT AND SHIFT TOWARDS THE SOUTHWEST

(17.01.-25.02 2012)(Source: http://www.uni-koeln.de/math-nat-fak/geomet/meteo)

MEAN NEAR-LAND (SURFACE) TEMPERATUREDURING THE PERIOD OF 19.01.12 – 19.02.12

ICE COVERAS OF 12.02. – 18.02.2012

MINIMUM VALUE OF TEMPERATURE FOR 30 DAYS

«VOEIKOV AXIS» («WIND RIDGE») – EUROPEAN SPUR OF THE SIBERIAN ANTICYCLONE

Prevailing wind directions in January

Mean air pressure at the sea level in January in millibars

ABNORMAL ADVECTION

of the Western spur of the Siberian

Anticyclone towards the Pyrenees and of

the Gulfstream towards the Franz

Josef Land

February 2012

INNER-SECULAR CYCLICITY OF CLIMATELong-term temperature and salinity pattern in the Barents Sea. Layer of 0-50 m.

Matishov G., Matishov D., Moiseev D. INFLOW OF ATLANTIC-ORIGIN WATERS TO THE BARENTS SEA ALONG GLACIAL TROUGHS//OCEANOLOGIA, 2009, 51(3)

Матишов Г. Г. ВЛИЯНИЕ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОГО И ЛЕДОВОГО РЕЖИМОВ НА СУДОХОДСТВО//ВЕСТНИК РАН, 2008, 78 (10)

Formation of freshet flows and

floods in water catchment basins

NEAR BOTTOM TEMPERATURE AND FISH DIVERSITY (LATITUDE 70◦, DEPTH OF 250 M)

FEEDING OF VARIOUS SIZE-AGE GROUPS OF BLACK HALIBUT IN THE KARA SEA WATER AREA, 2007 –

2011

A – Southern part of St. Anna Trough

B – Western part of St. Anna Trough

C – Eastern part of St. Anna Trough

D – Western part of Voronin Trough

(Sentyabov, Smirnov, 2010)

ABUNDANCE INCREASE OF THE RED KING (KAMCHATKA) CRAB IN THE BARENTS SEA DUE TO THE WARMING IN THE EARLY 21st CENTURY (BY MMBI KSC RAS AND

PINRO DATA)

SHIFT (DELAY) BY BENTHOS BIOMASS PHASE RELATED TO TEMPERATURE AT THE KOLA TRANSECT

DECREASING DYNAMICS OF GOODS’ TRANSPORTATION ALONG THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE

(MLN. TONS)

Transportation of ore to China

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MURMANSKREGION AND MURMANSK

Murmansk Region Murmansk

Thousand people Heads, Regional AdministrationDenisov, G.Ya. Konovalov, L.N. Ptitsyn, V.N. Serokurov, S.L.

Balagurov, A.K. Komarov, E.B. Evdokimov, Yu.A. Dmitrienko, D.V.

Kovtun, M.V.

STOCKMAN PROJECT:MIRAGE OR REALITY?

DEVELOPMENT AND APPROBATION OF A NEW TECHNOLOGY«ON-LINE BIOMONITORING OF THE STATE OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT»

(Dalnezelenetskaya Bay, joint project (TOTAL – MMBI KSC RAS – Akvaplan-niva – University of Bordeaux)

Registration of changes in the movements of the shells of mollusks (mussels and scallops) is continuous and on-line.

In case significant changes are registered, an alarm signal is generated.

OIL AND GAS DEPOSITS(THE YAMAL PENINSULA AND SHELF)

Proposed New Boundaries of the Arctic LMEs(H.R. Skjoldal, Tromso, Norway, January 2011)

Seismic-Acoustic Impact

Impact of Suspension and Drilling Solutions

Impact of Noise produced by Large-Tonnage Vessels

Impact of Water Pumping Impact of Oil

TYPES OF IMPACT ON LMEs

SEA ICE IN THE EAST-SIBERIAN SEAIN AUGUST – A SIGN OF COOLING IN THE ARCTIC

2012 ICE FREE AREA IN AUGUST 20112011

2013 January 29-31 2012 January 15-17

www.aari.ru www.aari.ruIce free

area

ICE SITUATION IN THE ARCTIC

TYPES OF CLIMATEin the period of 1951 – 2010

(The Kola Transect, layer of 0-200 m)

TYPE OF YEAR CRITERION OF THERMAL STATE

Abnormally cold ‐ Δ T °C ˃ 1.5 σ

Cold 0.5 σ < ‐ Δ T °C ≤ 1.5 σ

Averaged/regular ± Δ T °C ≤ 0.5 σ

Warm 0.5 σ < Δ T °C ≤ 1.5 σ

Abnormally warm Δ T °C ˃ 1.5 σ

Δ T – anomaly of water temperatureσ  = 0.51 °C – mean quadrate deviation of water temperature for the period of 1951‐2010

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION