architecture thesis jose aparicio 2013
DESCRIPTION
Top 6 in ClassTRANSCRIPT
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This final project is presented to the faculty of the school of architecture by
Weathering: The Life of a Building
internal advisor Dr. William Carpenter
Professor Bronne Dytoc
student
internal advisor
thesis coordinator Professor Michael Carroll
Professor Robert Tangothesis coordinator
JOSE MANUEL APARICIO ALCAZAR
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of ArchitectureSouthern Polytechnic State University, Marietta, Georgia
Spring Semester 2013
3
First and foremost, I would like to thank my family for being with me and supporting me over the years. It has not always been easy and I appreciate the patience and confidence you had in me.
Mami, Papi, Henry y Andres. Los quiero
Throughout the development of the project I have received guidance and support from many people. First give thanks to Dr. William Carpenter for believing in me and helped me find my true passion for "weathering of Wood". My secondary advisor Professor Bronne Dytocfor the many desk critiques and help me push my concepts/ ideas to the limit. I would like to thank Jerry Lominack for meeting with me and reviewing my work. David Leatherbarrow for inspiring me through his book On Weathering: The Life of a Building in Time.
dedication
Acknowledgement
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table of content
chapter one Design TheoremDesign hypothesiscase studies Swiss Pavilion Expo Saint Benedict chapel De young Museum
Weathering Analysistime lapse section perspectivefinal physical modelrendering
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81012
39
404142
44
45
151617182022232425262728
31323334353637
Design Synthesis
Design Analysis
The questionThe cycleSkin/ siding fish scale siding feather sidingSite context building blocks historical buildings green spacesDistricts in Savannah historic & victorianSite analysis
critical response todesign theorum
Design Process
Site contextspatial program Floor plans Sections section model elevation section perspective
chapter four
chapter two chapter five
chapter three
work cited
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Design Theorem
Within Modern Architecture, weathering of material is mostly seen as a negative deterioration of buildings. This is due to the selection of materials that only reflect the aesthetic view of the material but do not carry out the same characteristics. This may be in part, because of the disposable character in the use of most things today. In modern days everything is now replaceable within buildings. Since international style has began in the world of architecture the adoption of steel, glass, and concrete at the main use of materials today. My goal is to prove and show the advantages of wood structures and skin as a successful material on a restaurant in Savannah, Georgia. To see the cycle of weathering of wood in a controlled way under the paedological theorem of design, construction, sustainable all over- lapping with wood.
Weathering of materials is a cycle were aspects such as time, rain, wind, sun and human interaction inevitably play a role in deteriorating of the material. Inevitably a building will reach its state of deterioration by the natural environment that acts upon its outer surface. As a preservation/ adaptive reuse center it will be able to control and reuse the weathering material. The notion of permanent, semi-permanent and finite are the layers within the restaurant that will be dealt over “time”. Assemblage of the material will be an important factor at its various functions and how to remove it and who will remove it. Detailing and the memory of hardware will be expressed and controlled as exterior and interior environments.
As a site driven intervention, a restaurant for the community that provides a place for people to dine and socialize. Conceived as a layering of shells over time the building will disintegrate into its essential bones. Creating the notion of a “ritual” that the community could potentially be involved in the assembling the restaurants skin.
wood
design
sustainable
construction
design theorem
8 case study
swiss pavilion expo 2000
The Swiss architect Peter Zumthor designed the Swiss Pavilion Expo 2000. The insight was that the lumber would be weathered over the period of time that the Expo was going on. The project consist of wood planks stacked on top of each other. Natural ventilation would be allowed to air out the wood when rain and moisture occurred. The Pavilion in other words could be seen as a lumber yards waiting for the wood to weather or season.
connection/ hardware (detail, 2009)
After the Exposition, the building was dismantled and the beams sold as season timber.
Peter Zumthor"
"
floor plan
9case study
lumber yard (detail, 2009)
natural ventilation
walking (detail, 2009)
eating (detail, 2009) music (detail, 2009)
sitting (detail, 2009)
(detail, 2009)
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saint benedict chapel
The Swiss architect Peter Zumthor designed a Chapel in the village of Sogn Benedetg, Switzerland. The previous Chapel had been destroyed by a avalanche and the community reached out for there wooded shingle chapel to be built. As a Pritzker Prize winner he began his Architecture adventures as part of conservationist architect for the Department for the Preservation of Monuments.
The use of larch wood shingle was used for the exterior facades and has been weathering over time and created beautiful and attractive Chapel for people around the world to visit. Certain areas are weathered more intensely and to the point where deterioration will start to occur. The shingle creates a texture and color (smell and see) that people can interact with. The picture below shows the difference between one completely dried out of its color and only left with the texture and the other one still left with it reddish wood shingle look(still both texture and color). Would there be a time to save the weathered material before it reaches its state of deterioration.
site plan
repetitive to unique
natural light
floor plan
case study
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PROCESS
interior
exterior
case study
(Zumthor, 1998)
(Zumthor, 1998)
(Zumthor, 1998)
(Zumthor, 1998)
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de young museum
section
plan
The firm Herzog & de Meuron had the entire skin wrapped in copper which allowed the material to blend in with its surroundings. The perforated copper was to replicate the light filtering of the tree canopy in the surrounding site. The San Francisco site which allows a close proximity to the ocean will oxidase the copper at a faster pace because of the Pacific Ocean breeze. The Architect chose there material because of the relation to the site and what weathering would do to the copper.
The sites orientation to the ocean is a factor of how drastically the oxidation of the copper will show faster. The NW and SW sides of the building would encounter more oxidation of the copper because of the direct wind exposure from the Ocean. The site is 12,500 feet from the shore including trees that help buffer the winds and allows the copper to gradually oxides and reach the state of Deterioration at a longer period.
tree’s bufferwind from ocean
pacificocean
de youngmusuem
north
most wind with moisture
san francisco bay
pacific ocean
case study
(Corbette, 1998)
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facades most affectedby weathering
nature porosity
case study
(Corbette, 2005)
(Corbette, 2005) (Corbette, 2005)
(Corbette, 2005)
(Corbette, 2005)
(Corbette, 2005)
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where?
what?
savannah georgia
Southern yellow pine
who?
why?wind
time
sun
rain
human interaction
design analysis
design analysis
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wood quality"born"
"death"
structure quality
color psychologyclaritycleaninesshopeopenness
warmhappywarmexpansive
wholesomenessreliabilityexperience
activatingstimulatingpassionateexcitingpowerful
neutralitycalmconservative
powerelegancemodernity
Weathering is defined as the slow degradation of materials exposed to the weather. The degradation much depends on the materials and combination of factors: moisture, sun light, heat/cold, chemicals, wind, time and human interaction. The diagram (right) is documentation of the assembly of a building until it reaches it deterioration point. The wood quality shows how the wood grain will change over time (weather). The structure quality shows that the longer it “weathering” the less structure qualities the wood will have. The color psychology represents how people may feel through the life cycle of the wood.
weathering The cycle
sustainable resource
responsiblemanufacturing
qualityconstruction
long servicelife
renovationupgrade
recyclerenew
definition
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(A) For facades without ventilated cavities, the moisture flow through exterior walls must be taken into consideration. Wood can reach decay or risk of fungi. (B) For facades with out ventilated cavities and closed to sky must be taken into consideration with comprehensive set of coating with moisture diffusing. (C) For ventilated facades closed to sky should be continued to be moisture-diffusing so that it does not reach any state of decay or fungi. (D) For facades with ventilated facades open to sky provides the greatest protection from decomposition or moisture in wood.
research Wall Siding
(A) (B) (C) (D)
research
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48”x 7”x 1/32”
profile
wall section
"born"
born
loose structural propertiesgains beauty
death = recycled/ reused"death"
"fish scale" Siding
siding
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southern yellowpine siding
nautical screws w/neosprene washers
blocking(air cavity)
oil based membrane
wood column
PERMANEN
T
SEMI-PER
MANENT
FINITE
axonometric
siding
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wall section
profile
48”x 6”x 1/64”
"feather" Siding
"born""born"
faster run off waterlarger gap
porosity on the finsfilters light
deterioration/ death= recycled/ reused
"death"
siding
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opening forattachmentof fins
southernyellowpine
PERMANEN
T
SEMI-PER
MANENT
FINITE
blocking(air cavity)
glass membrane
wood columns
axonometric
siding
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site Savannah Georgia
north
Weathering is defined as the slow degradation of materials exposed to the weather. The degradation much depends on the materials and combination of factors: moisture, sun light, heat/cold, chemicals, wind, time and human interaction. The diagram (right) is documentation of the assembly of a building until it reaches it deterioration point. The wood quality shows how the wood grain will change over time (weather). The structure quality shows that the longer it “weathering” the less structure qualities the wood will have. The color psychology represents how people may feel through the life cycle of the wood.
site
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building blocksnorth
hum
idity
prec
ipita
tion
tem
pera
ture
0F
16F
32F
48F
64F
80F
JAN FEBMAR APR MAY JUNEJULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
temperature
months
0F
15F
30F
45F
60F
75F
90F
temperature
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DECmonths
0in
1.6in
3.2in
4.8in
6.4in
8in
amountÊofÊrainÊ(in)
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DECmonths
site
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historical vs nonhistoricalnorth
Savannah has over 8000 historic and cultural buildings which contribute to the character of the community. The Savannah Historic District was designated a National Historic Landmark around 1966 for the much significance it has. There are a number of residential, dating from the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries.
site
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green spaces north
The sequence of gardened square for the City of Savannah which create a unique grid streets and lanes that were designed by General James Oglethorpe when he founded Savannah in 1733. The oglethorpe’s plan is the best example of a city organization listed in UNESCO World Heritage list. All squares are about 200 feet from North to South and vary from East to West from a Maximum of 300 feet to a minimum of 100 feet.
The squares are planted with largely live oaks that create nice shades for people that spend time on the mini parks. Many of the square’s have gazebos, seating, monuments, and monuments.
site
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historical districtcentral of georgia historic districtsavannah victorian districteastside/ meadows/ collinville historic districtcuyler-brownsville historic districtthomas square streetcar historic districtardsley park historic districtparkside historic districtgordonston historic districtnorth
Districts on Savannah, Ga
site analysis
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Districts on Forsyth ParkHist
oric D
istric
tVicto
rian D
istric
t
no space for green area
historic street facade
vernacular greek revival 1865-1880
italiante 1880-1900
bungalow1900-1930
colonial revival 1900-1930
victorian districtqueen anne1885-1905
store front business district (4+) cast iron and store front era
space for green area
site analysis
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north
north
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
south
west
east
north
site Analysis
site analysis
area of intervention vehicular and pedestrian circulation
wind directionsun path diagram
historical buildings
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main circulation interior courtyard
bar/ cafe
rest rooms
outdoorcourtyard
kitchen
maindining
terrace
farm to table interaction withscent garden
harth (permanent)
restaurant the process
program:main dining 2500 sq.ftbar/ cafe 1700 sq.ftkitchen 850 sq.ftrestrooms 500 sq.ftoutdoor 1500 sq.ftdiningterrace 500sq.ft total: 8500 sq.ft
restaur
ant & b
ar
patina
patina
patinawine & bar
design process
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brick arch reinforcedwith no. 4 bars
CMU blocks
concrete slabfoundation
1/4" glass attached to the mullion
bison screw jack
T.P.O
felt
drawings section perspective
section perspective
44 responsive
Weathering negative or positive?
“Insufficient instrument by the architects and poor worksmanship by the builder, were among the principle causes of material deteriotation in building.” 1 The issue of weathering of material was a starting point for my investigation. Most people in today’s society see weathering as a negative view of a building. My ultimate goal was to investigate by the type of wood, skin and spatial experience weathering of materials create. I developed two fin systems that will be a finite skin that celebrates and welcomes weathering in a sustainable way. By using the choice of Southern Yellow Pine is would be affordable to replace with the time frame of when the skin reaches its deteriotation point.
My site was a perfect fit for my investigation because of the historical and park space the city has. I investigated in-depth building blocks, historical buildings, green spaces and city layout. The space needed was a restaurant located in Forsyth Park between the Historical and Victorian District. Given that my building is a non-permanent and over time will eventually deteriotate people will evolve with the design and material as it weathers. The time frame when the restaurant is built it will be in assembly by the community and done with love and care.
The importance of people knowing what weathering does is vital. Now in modern days, everything is replaceable within your house in which creates a disconnect. What will houses and retail look like in 200 years?
45work cited
work cited
Mostafavi, Mohsen, and David Leatherbarrow. On weathering: the life of buildings in time. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993. Print.
Schropfer, Thomas, and James Carpenter. Material design: informing architecture by materiality. Basel: Birkhauser, 2011. Print.
Corbett, Michael R., Mark Darley, and Diana Ketcham. The De Young in the 21st century: a museum by Herzog & de Meuron. London: Thames & Hudson [u.a.], 2005. Print.
"Wikipedia." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. <http://wikipedia.com>.
Detail review of architecture and construction details : concrete, brick, stone.. Munich: Institut fur Internationale Architektur-Dokumentation, 2012. Print.
Zumthor, Peter, and Helene Binet. Peter Zumthor works: buildings and projects 1979-1997. Baden: Lars Muller, 1998. Print.
"Savannah Area GIS (SAGIS)." Savannah - Chatham County Metropolitan Planning Commission. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 May 2013. <http://www.thempc.org/SAGIS.htm>.