architecture & site design book
TRANSCRIPT
EagleARCHITECTURE&
SITE DESIGN BOOK
Where trade names appear, no discrimination is intendedand no endorsement by The City of Eagle is implied.
Photos are reprinted from
Photos are reprinted with permission of:
Photos are reprinted with permission of:
Photos are reprinted with permission of:
The Oregon State Archives.
Thomas W. ParadisAssociate Professor, Department of Geography,
Planning and Recreation, Northern Arizona University
Jeffery HoweFine Arts Department, Boston College
Chris FrontHotel Monte Vista
Acknowledgments
Order from:
http://cityofeagle.orgVisit The City of Eagle on the web:
The City of EagleP.O. Box 1520
Eagle, ID 83616
Adopted by City Council on March 16, 2004
Resolution No. 04-05
PREFACE
This book is the result of a quest by the City ofEagle and The Eagle Chamber of Commerce
Standards And Visionary Committee to improvecommunication between the City of Eagle and
anyone doing business in the City; to promote auser friendly atmosphere with clear and concise
directions, to empower the applicant with theproper tools that will help them proceed with a
project from start to finish in the shortestpossible amount of time feeling they have been
treated fairly and equitable.
The general theme of the design review overlay district is
to specify desirable building and landscape architectural
styles and materials to create a sustainable and pleasing
environment for residents and visitors alike. The
architectural designs, materials, and graphics set forth in
this article are compiled to create a theme unique to the
area called "Eagle Architecture.”
The purpose of this Book is to show, through the use of
pictures and text, specific period architectural styles, and
elements envisioned for the "Eagle Architecture" theme.
Table of Content
Architecture Styles
Italianate 1880-1900 3-10Queen Anne 1880-1910 11-14Romanesque Revival 1890-1900 15-20Craftsman 1890-1920 21-26Colonial Revival 1905-1915 27-30Prairie School 1910-1925 31-34Tudor 1910-1930 35-40English Cottage 1910-1930 41-46Mediterranean 1925-1935 47-50
Signage
Monuments Signs 51-56Wall Signs 57-60Hanging Signs 61Miscellaneous Signs 62
Exhibits
Sidewalk Design 65-67Street Tree Grate 68-69Street Light Design 70Fence Styles 71-72Light Pole Base Designs 73-74
Urban Accessories
Bollards 77Wall LampsBenchesTablesBike RacksPlantersReceptaclesAsh-UrnsDrinking FountainsStreet Clocks 91-92Brick Patterns 93-94
78-7980-8182-838485-8687-888990
Glossary
Architectural Definitions 97-99Arch TypesColumn StylesDormer TypesRoof TypesWindow Types 105
100101-102103104
Architecture Styles 106-108
Table of Content
Maps
Exhibit A-1Exhibit A-2
Architecture Styles
Italianate 1880-1900
Queen Anne 1880-1910
Romanesque Revival 1890-1900
Craftsman 1890-1920
Colonial Revival 1905-1915
Prairie School 1910-1925
Tudor 1910-1930
English Cottage 1910-1930
Mediterranean 1925-1935
•
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Italianate(1880-1900)
Facade• Symmetrical
Walls
• Varying materials, typically brick or wood
Porches
• Single story entry porch with supporting square posts
Balconies
• Typically centered on structure
Roof Type•• Widely overhanging eaves
Low-pitched
Towers• Square cupola or towers typical
Columns/Pillars
• Typical; varying sizes
Windows••••••••
Placed on front facade symmetricallyPaired and tripledTall and narrowTraditional rectangular topArched (segmentally-arched) or curved above in U-shapeWindow sashes commonly with one or two pane glazingEnframents often with bracket or pediment crowns
Bay windows in front facade
Chimneys•••
Typically squareVilla Style
Small
Doors•• Front doors are single or paired
Rectangular, arched, or segmentally-arched
Stories• Two or three stories (rarely one)
Detail••
•
Elaborate enframents typically above doors, windows,in supports, and columnsDecorative brackets beneath eaves (single or in pairs)
Ornate despite solid square shape
Other
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Italianate
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Italianate
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Style
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Italianate
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Italianate
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Italianate
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ItalianateA
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sIt
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Queen Anne(1880-1910)
Facade• Asymmetrical
Walls•
•••
Masonry with terra-cotta panelsBand of shinglesPatterned wood shingles shaped into varying designs
Variety of materials used on different stories(e.g. shingle over brick)
Porches•••
A porch always includes front entrance areaPedimented porches are typical
A porch always covers part of all of front façade
Balconies•• Second story balconies/porches typical
Several are typical
Roof Type•••••••
Irregular roof shapeMultiple gables and dormersDominant front facing gableGable is cantilevered out beyond plane of wall belowGables decorated with terra-cotta panelsGables decorated with patterned shingles
Steep cross-gabled
Towers••••
Cantilevered out at second floor and rise from ground levelTypically woodenPlaced at front facade corner
Round, square, or polygonal
Columns/Pillars• Classic column style
Windows• Bay windows
Chimneys•• Decorated with chimney pots
Multiple chimneys are typical
Doors• Typically wood
Stories• Multiple stories
Detail••••••
Design of the late Victorian eraGingerbread and fish-scale patterns typical on porches and gablesBrackets accentuate real and false overhangingDentilsSpindle work
Coquettish detailing and eclectic materials
Other•• Cut-stone foundation
Projecting wings are typical
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Queen Anne
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Queen Anne
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Romanesque Revival(1890-1900)
Facade• Asymmetrical• Variable stone and brick facade
Walls•••
Monochromatic brick or stoneHeavy, rough-cut stone
Thick masonry walls
Porches
• Occasionally used
Balconies• Occasionally used
Roof Type•••
Groined roofSemicircular arches to enrich corbel tables along the eaves
Flat roof
Towers• Rounded towers with conical roof
Columns/Pillars• Several
Windows•• Deeply Recessed
Round arch transom windows with colored glass
Chimneys• Small or absent
Doors• Varying materials
Stories• Varying materials
Detail•
•••••••••
Round arcs over windows, entrywaysCompound archesBarrel Vault supported by parallel walls or arcadesBeltcourse (usually coinciding with edge of an interior wall)Diaper patternCushion CapitalGeometric medieval moldings carved on capitalsRinceauDomed corner buttress
Arcades along one or both sides, supported by pillars or columns(freestanding or attached)
Other• Entry is thick and cavernous
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Romanesque Revival
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Romanesque Revival
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Romanesque Revival
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Romanesque Revival
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Craftsman(1890-1900)
Facade• Bungalow style
Walls•••
Woodwork is heavy and darkWoodwork is built up in layers
Wood
Porches•••••
Full or partial width porchesFramed by pedestal-like tapered columnsWide, giving an outside room feelFoundation and porch pillars broaden at base
Incised porch (beneath main roof)
Balconies• In back of house or absent
Roof Type••••••
Wide, overhanging eavesLong-sloping, wide roof lineSheltering overhangDecorative (false) beams/braces under gablesExposed roof rafters
Low-pitched, gabled roof
Towers• Absent
Columns/Pillars
• Tapered, square columns supporting roof
Windows• 4-over-1 or 6-over-1 sash windows
Chimneys
• Small in varying locations
Doors• Wood
Stories• Emphasizes horizontal rather than multiple stories; 1-1½ stories
Detail•••
Frank Lloyd Wright design motifsHand-crafted stone or woodwork, often mixed materialsthroughout structure
Square and simple design rather than ornate
Other•
• Lanterns hang as sconces on porch or hallway walls from ceilingwoodwork
Interior: beamed ceilings, oak wainscoting dining room,built-in buffets
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Craftsman
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Craftsman
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Craftsman
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Craftsman
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Colonial Revival(1905-1915)
Facade••
SymmetricalRectangular
Walls•• Clapboard siding
Brick or wood
Porches•• Varying sizes
Typical
Balconies• Typical
Roof Type•• Covered in shingles
Gable roofs
Towers• Typically frame entryways
Columns/Pillars
••••
FlutedDoricCorinthian
Ionic
Windows••••••
Double-hung windowsMulti pane windowsFramed by shuttersDormer (especially eyebrow dormer)Fanlight and sidelight windows
8-over-8 sash windows
Chimneys• Single, in central location
Doors• Paneled doors with sidelights and topped with rectangular
Transoms or fanlignts
Stories• 2 to 3
Detail•• Porticos topped by pediment
Simple, classic detailing
Other•• Overhanging upper story
Protruding stone entry with columns and a fanlight
27
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Colonial Revival
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Colonial Revival
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Prairie School(1910-1925)
Facade••
Boxy and symmetrical or low-slung and asymmetricalRectangular
Walls• Use of natural materials: brick, wood, stucco, etc.
Porches•• Enclosed
One story porches with massive square supports
Balconies• Occasionally used
Roof Type••••
Broad hippedLow pitchedWide, overhanging eaves
Gabled
Towers• Absent
Columns/Pillars
• Absent
Windows•• Typically art glass used
Casement (typically in rows)
Chimneys• Central chimney
Doors• Varying materials
Stories•••
1 story projectionCompressed upper story
st2
Detail
••
•
••
€
Stylized floral and circular geometric terra cotta or masonryornamentation around doors, windows, and cornicesEarth tone colors both interior and exteriorIntegrated artwork: terra-cottaExterior ornament: stencils and art glassExterior ornament: sawed wood
Horizontal lines and emphasis
Other• Asymmetrical entry
31
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Notes
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Prairie School
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Prairie School
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Tudor(1910-1930)
Facade• Asymmetrical
Walls•••
•
Stone wallsDecorative half-timbering with stucco inset into exposed woodframing (upper floors)
Half-timbering: Bargeboard (vergeboard, gableboard)
Patterned brick wall cladding
Porches•• Side porches are typical
Front facade porches are small or entirely absent
Balconies• Typically inback of house or absent
Roof Type•••••
Dominant front facing gable(s)Steep gabled roofsOverlapping gablesSteeply pitched gabled dormers
Cross gabled
Towers• Occasionally used
Columns/Pillars• Occasionally used
Windows••••••
•••
Multi-paned casement windowsTall and narrowSmall leaded glassDiamond pane casementRows of three or more casement commonly located on orbelow main gableTransom windowsLabel mold windowsOriel windows
Bay windows with half-timbering
Chimneys•••
Typically stoneTypically placed in prominent locations on front or side of house
Massive
Doors•• Vertical plank doors
Rounded doorways
Stories• 2½ (1½ common also)
Detail• Doors and windows are ornately decorated
Other•
•• Small tabs of cut stone may project into surrounding
brickwork, giving quoin-like effect
Entry:Tudor or flattened pointed arches in door and door surrounds
35
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Tudor
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Tudor
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Tudor
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English Cottage(1910-1930)
Facade• Asymmetrical
Walls•••
•
Stone wallsHalf-timbering with stucco inset into exposedwood framing (upper floors)
Half-timbering: Bargeboard (vergeboard, gableboard)
Patterned brick wall cladding
Porches•• Side porches are typical
Front facade porches are small or entirely absent
Balconies• Not typically
Roof Type•••••
Dominant front facing gable(s)Steep gabled roofsOverlapping gablesSteeply pitched gabled dormers
Cross gabled
Towers• Absent
Columns/Pillars• Absent
Windows••••••
•••
Multi-paned casement windowsTall and narrowSmall leaded glassDiamond pane casementRows of three or more casement commonly located on or belowmain gableTransom windowsLabel mold windowsOriel windows
Bay windows with half-timbering
Chimneys•••
Typically stoneTypically placed in prominent locations on front or side of house
Massive
Doors•• Vertical plank doors
Rounded doorways
Stories• 2½ (1½ common also)
Detail• Simple design
Other•
•• Small tabs of cut stone may project into surrounding
brickwork, giving quoin-like effect
Entry:Tudor or flattened pointed arches in door and door surrounds
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Notes
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43
English Cottage
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English Cottage
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English Cottage
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English Cottage
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Mediterranean(1925-1935)
Facade• Asymmetrical
Walls•• Stucco finish (as accent)
Masonry
Porches•• Detailed as loggia
Arcaded porch/entrance
Balconies
• Typically small if used
Roof Type•• Low-pitched hipped or gable roofs
Heavy tilt roof
Towers• Used occasionally
Columns/Pillars
• Spiral columns
Windows••
•
Picturesque fenestration with windows of varyingsizes and shapesTypically arched at entrance
Casement
Chimneys
• Tall chimney with house-form chimney capsDoors
• Varying materials
Stories• Stories vary
Detail••••
Decorative eave bracketsRound arches above doors, windows, and porchesWrought iron grille work
Decorative iron railings
Other• Irregular floor plan
Mediterranean building styles include a dominant stucco exterior,which for purposes of Eagle architecture shall be prohibited.Stucco exteriors are permitted if combined with other materials,such as masonry or wood.
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MediterraneanA
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Mediterranean
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Signage
Monument Signs
Wall Signs
Hanging Signs
Miscellaneous Signs
•
•
•
•
51
Sig
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Notes
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53
Monument Signs
Sig
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Monument Signs
Sig
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Mo
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Monument Signs
Sig
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Mo
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Monument Signs
Sig
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Mo
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Wall Signs
Sig
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58
Wall Signs
Sig
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Wall Signs
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Wall Signs
Sig
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Wa
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61
Hanging Signs
Sig
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Ha
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Sig
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62
Miscellaneous Signs
Sig
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Mis
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63
Exhibits
Sidewalk Design
Street Tree Grate
Street Light Design
Fence Styles
Light Pole Base Designs
•
•
•
•
•
Exh
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Exh
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Notes
64
65
Sidewalk Design
Sidewalk Design - Bulb-Out
Sidewalk Design - Bench in Sidewalk
Exh
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16”
7’4”
10’4”
16”
10’
10-Foot-Wide Downtown Sidewalk Design
Exh
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Sidewalk Design
67
Sidewalk DesignE
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Pigment specification for the red stamped section of the sidewalk(integrally colored concrete):
Width dimensions of stamped concrete - "Running Bond" pattern
Dimensions of smooth (not stamped), gray concrete area
Other
Davis Colors, Color Group: Premium, Brick Red, 4 LBS 160(dose rate to mix with each 94 lbs. of cement).
Or approved equal
All bands of red, stamped brick pattern: 16-inches (4-bricks wide).1 brick = 4-inches x 8-inches
7-feet, 4-inches (measured from back of stamped brick bandadjacent to curb to back of stamped brick band adjacent to site)by 10-feet, 4-inches (measured from inside edge of one horizontal
interior stamped brick band to inside edge of next horizontalinterior stamped brick band).
Sidewalk width: the 7-foot, 4-inch length of the smooth, grayconcrete area added to the 16-inches of the outside stamped
brick pattern (next to curb) added to the 16-inches of theinside stamped brick pattern (next to site) equals the required
width of the sidewalk - 10-feet.
Tree placement within the sidewalk should occur in-line withone of the existing horizontal interior stamped brick bands.However, where this is impractical due to constraints basedupon the overall length of the sidewalk being constructed
(for example), it is more important to have consistent distancesbetween the horizontal interior stamped brick bands than tohave the trees placed exactly at any given horizontal interiorstamped brick band. Variations must be reviewed and approved
with each application.
See photo herein for tree placement example and labeled dimensions.
Concrete shall be constructed in accordance withDivision 700 of the ISPWC; light broom finish.
Concrete approaches shall be traffic rated with a HS-20 load rating.
Stamped pattern is to continue through approaches.
Sidewalk Design Specifications
68
Street Tree Grate
Street Tree Grate w/ City Emblems
City Emblem - Close-up
Exh
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tTr
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Gr
ate
69
TREE WELL SECTION
ExhibitsStreetTreeGrate
70
Street Light Design
Ground
17”
12’
14’
* Contact Eagle City Hall - Planning and Zoning Department for manufacturer info,pole and luminaire specifications and detailed cut sheets for approved fixtures.
Aluminum Historic Street Light Pole With Glass Luminaire
Exh
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igh
tD
es
ign
71
Fence Styles
Exh
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sF
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ce
Style
s
72
Fence Styles
Exh
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sF
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Style
s
73
Light Pole Base Designs
Exh
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sL
igh
tP
ole
Ba
se
De
sig
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Decorative Concrete Light Pole Base
Cobble Stone Light Pole Base
74
Exh
ibit
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igh
tP
ole
Ba
se
De
sig
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Light Pole Base Designs
“Bagged” Finish Light Pole Base
Decorative Rock Light Pole Base
75
Urban Accessories
Bollards
Wall Lamps
Benches
Tables
Bike Racks
Planters
Receptacles
Ash-Urns
Drinking Fountains
Street Clocks
Brick Patterns
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ur
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Ur
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Notes
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77
Bollards
•
• Chain link attachment
and/or removal option
• Height: 42”
• Base: 16” diameter
Cast iron or aluminum
1890 Style Bollard:
Ur
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ies
Bo
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Ur
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ies
Wa
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La
mps
Wall Lamps
79
Ur
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or
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Wa
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La
mps
Wall Lamps
80
Benches
Ur
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or
ies
Be
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81
Benches
Ur
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ss
or
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Be
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82
Tables
Ur
ba
nA
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or
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Ta
ble
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Tables
83
Ur
ba
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cce
ss
or
ies
Ta
ble
s
84
Bike Rack
Ur
ba
nA
cce
ss
or
ies
Bik
eR
ack
Planters
85
Ur
ba
nA
cce
ss
or
ies
Pla
nte
rs
Planters
86
Ur
ba
nA
cce
ss
or
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Pla
nte
rs
Receptacles
87
Ur
ba
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cce
ss
or
ies
Re
ce
pta
cle
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Receptacles
88
Ur
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or
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Re
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Ash-Urns
89
Ur
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or
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As
h-U
rn
s
90
Drinking Fountains
Ur
ba
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Dr
ink
ing
Fo
un
ta
ins
Street Clocks
91
Ur
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Str
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tC
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Street Clocks
92
Ur
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Str
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tC
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s
Brick Patterns
93
Running Bond Brick
24”8”
24”
4”
Basketweave Brick
24”8”
24”
8”
Standard
Variation
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Brick Patterns
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Stacked Bond Brick
24”8”
24”
4”
Soldier Course Brick
16”
4”
8”
Herringbone Brick
23”
23”
4”
8”
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Glossary
Architecture Definitions
Arch Types
Column Styles
Dormer Types
Roof Types
Window Types
Architecture Styles
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Accent: a building material used to compliment the main structure; not the dominantmaterial of a building
Arcade: a line of arches
Bargeboard: an often ornamented board that conceals roof timbers projecting over gables
Barrel Vault: a masonry vault of plain semicircular cross section
Beltcourse: a projecting horizontal course of masonry, of the same or dissimilar materialused to throw off water from the wall
Bracket: a projection from the face of a wall
Buffet: sideboard
Buttress: Vertical mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it and to resist theoutward pressure of a vault.
Bungalow: a usually one-storied house with a low-pitched roof
Cantilevered to support by a cantilever. "A shelf"
Capital: Crowning feature of a column, usually carved.
Casement: a window sash that opens on hinges at the side; : a window with such a sash
Clerestory: an outside wall of a room or building that rises above an adjoining roof andcontains windows
Conical: resembling a cone especially in shape
Corbel: an architectural member that projects from within a wall and supports a weight;: one that is stepped upward and outward from a vertical surface
Cornice: Projecting upper part of the entablature in classical architecture.
Cupola: : a rounded vault resting on a usually circular base and forming a roof or aceiling : a small structure built on top of a roof
:
ab
cantilevered
also
especially
Cushion Capital: a capital resembling a cushion that is pressed down because of the weight on it
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Architecture Definitions
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Dentils: one of a series of small projecting rectangular blocks forming a moldingespecially under a cornice
Diaper pattern: an all over pattern with motifs placed in a repeated design, esp. on arectangular or diagonal grid
Dormer: a window set vertically in a structure projecting through a sloping roof; : theroofed structure containing such a window
Eaves: the lower border of a roof that overhangs the wall
Enframements: frames
Entablature: In classical architecture, the beam-like division above the columns,comprising architrave, frieze and cornice.
Facade: the front of a building; : any face of a building given special architecturaltreatment. "A museum's east "
Fanlight: a semicircular window with radiating bars like the ribs of a fan that is placedover a door or window
Fenestration: the arrangement, proportioning, and design of windows and doors in abuilding
Fieldstone: stone (as in building) in usually unaltered form as taken from the field.
Frontispiece : the principal front of a building : a decorated pediment over a portico orwindow
Gable: : the vertical triangular end of a building from cornice or eaves to ridge : thesimilar end of a gambrel roof : the end wall of a building
Groined: to build or equip with groins ( : the projecting curved line along which twointersecting vaults meet : a rib that covers this edge)
Lintel: a horizontal architectural member spanning and usually carrying the load above anopening
Loggia: a roofed open gallery especially at an upper story overlooking an open court
Masonry: stone or brick
Monochromatic: having or consisting of one color or hue
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a bc
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Architecture Definitions
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Motif: a single or repeated design or color
Oriel: a bay window on an upper floor, supported by projecting stonework.
Pane: a piece, section, or side of something: as : a framed sheet of glass in a window ordoor
Parapet: a wall, rampart, or elevation of earth or stone to protect soldiers
Pediment: In classical architecture, the low-pitched gable above the entablature usuallyfilled with sculpture.
Pillar: : a firm upright support for a superstructure: post : a usually ornamental columnor shaft; : one standing alone for a monument
Portico: a colonnade or covered ambulatory especially in classical architecture and oftenat the entrance of a building
Rafter: any of the parallel beams that support a roof
Rinceau: an ornamental band of undulant and curving plant motifs, found mostly inclassical architecture
Segmental: of, relating to, or having the form of a segment and especially the sector of acircle "S fanlight"
Shed: : a slight structure built for shelter or storage; : a single-storied buildingwith one or more sides unenclosed : a building that resembles a shed
Shed-dormer: a dormer with a roof sloping in the same direction as the roof from whichthe dormer projects
Shingle: a small thin piece of building material often with one end thicker than the otherfor laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building
Transom: window segment above a window a transverse piece in a structure
Transverse: made at right angles to the anterior-posterior axis of the body "asection"
Wainscot: to line with or as if with boards or paneling
Volute: Spiral scroll at each corner of an Ionic or Corinthian capital
a
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egmental
especially
transverse
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A arch is a strong, rounded arch thatforms a semi-circle. Often made of masonry,Roman arches still stand in the Coliseum.
Roman A arch, also known as jack or straightarch, extends straight across an opening withno curvature, creating a horizontal emphasis.
Flat
A , arch forms apartial curve, or eyebrow, over a door orwindow. This arch has a slight rise and issemi-elliptical across the top.
Syrian, or segmentalA narrow, pointed opening is the hallmark of a
arch. The Gothic arch developed as amore sinuous and elegant successor to the Romanarch and was widely used in cathedrals of theMiddle Ages such as Notre Dame in Paris.
Gothic
Tudor arches are often described as"flattened" Gothic arches. They feature apoint at the crown, but the span is muchwider than the Gothic style.
A arch, extends beyonda semi-circle. The top of the arch is rounded andthen curves in slightly before descending.
Moorish, or horseshoe
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Column Styles
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The column is the oldest and simplest Greek style--its found on the Parthenon in Athens.This column features fluted sides, a smooth rounded top, or capital, and no separate base.
Doric
Ionic columns are identified by the scroll-shaped ornaments at the capital, which resemble aram's horns. The Ionic column rests on a rounded base.
Corinthian columns are the latest of the three Greek styles and show the influence ofEgyptian columns in their capitals, which are shaped like inverted bells. Capitals are alsodecorated with olive, laurel, or acanthus leaves. Corinthian columns rest on a base similar tothat of the Ionic style.
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Egyptian columns are thought to be modeled after the shape of the lotusflower indigenous to the Nile. These columns taper out at the top and areoften ornamented with palm-like leaves near the capital. Other featuresinclude horizontal rings about one-quarter and three-quarters of the way upthe shaft. Variations on these columns appeared in Egyptian Revival homesbuilt during the mid-1800s.
Romanesque columns were used by American architect Henry HobsonRichardson in the mid-1800s to support the massive Roman arches inhis Romanesque Revival homes. These squat, square columns often reston massive, trapezoid-shaped bases, or piers, and often have floral orother decorations on their capitals. Simpler pier columns, often withwider bottoms than tops, are also common in Mission and Craftsmanhomes.
Column Styles
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Dormer Types
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EyebrowGabled
HippedInset
Shed
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Roof Types
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Bonnet:
Cross gabled: often used forTudors and Cape Cods
Front gabled: Used for CapeCods and Colonials
Gambrel: Either front- or side-faced;used in Dutch Colonials
Hipped: Used in 1 and 2- storiesand four square bungalows
Mansard: Often found in Frenchcolonial and Ranch styles
Pavilion-hipped: Featured in CapeCod, Colonial, and Ranch styles
Side-gabled:
Salt Box: Featured in two-storycolonials; common in the easternUnited States
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Bay Hood MoldLabel Mold
Box Bay
OrielPaired Windows
Casement
Circle Bay Ribbon Windows
Palladian
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Architecture Styles
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Craftsman--Trendy from 1905 to the mid-1920s,the Pasadena, Calif., born Craftsman homecustomarily resembles a one-story, stylecreated by two brothers, Charles Sumner Greeneand Henry Mather Greene. Played up inarchitectural and home decorating magazines of thetime, the style quickly spread around the country.Some homeowners even purchased ready-madepackages of materials that could be assembled bylocal builders. Identify the style by its low-pitched
, overhanging eaves, exposed roofrafters, and full- or partial-width porches framed bypedestal-like, tapered columns. look.
bungalow
gabled roof
Colonial--A rectangular, symmetrical home withbedrooms on the second floor, the Colonial Americanis an offshoot of the style and a cousin tothe Southern Colonial. Double-hung windows featuresmall, equally sized panes and are framed byshutters. Clapboard siding and gabled roofs coveredin shingles are additional hallmarks of this style. Aprotruding stone entry with columns and a fanlight isalso common. Modern versions tend to have a single,central chimney; traditional models built in the 1700sand 1800s have a chimney at each end. The NewEngland Colonial is marked by an elaborate corniceand features a central hallway that runs from thefront to the rear of the home.
Cape Cod
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English Cottage--The popular English Cottage stylehas many variations, but it always has a steep-pitched roof with two or more gable ends. Theexterior is usually stucco, but shingles and clapboardare also used. Windows are a significant feature;usually they are leaded glass, and some have small ordiamond-shaped panes. Large chimneys, arched frontporches and doorways add to this romantic designpopular in the 1920s and 1930s.
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Prairie School--In suburban Chicago in 1893,Frank Lloyd Wright, America's most famousarchitect, designed the first Prairie-stylehouse, and it's still a common style throughoutthe Midwest. Prairie houses come in twostyles--boxy and symmetrical or low-slungand asymmetrical. Roofs are low-pitched,with wide eaves. Brick and clapboard are themost common building materials. Otherdetails: rows of casement windows; one-storyporches with massive square supports; andstylized floral and circular geometric terra-cotta or masonry ornamentation around doors,windows, and cornices.
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Mediterranean The Mediterranean, likethe Spanish Colonial, first gained popularityin the Southwest and in Florida. Originatingin Spain and France, it was very popular inthe 1920's in Hollywood as the favoredarchitectural style of many movie stars.Although it shares the use of stucco, tileroofs, and arches with the Spanish Colonial,it differs in that there is usually less exteriorornamentation, simpler lines, and lesswrought iron used.
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Italianate--Italianate homes, which appearedin Midwest, East Coast, and San Franciscoareas between 1850 and 1880, can be quiteornate despite their solid square shape.Features include symmetrical bay windows infront; small chimneys set in irregular locations;tall, narrow, windows; and towers, in somecases. The elaborate window designs reappearin the supports, columns, and door frames.
Architecture Styles
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Tudor--This architecture was popular in the 1920sand 1930s and continues to be a mainstay insuburbs across the nation. The definingcharacteristics are half-timbering on bay windowsand upper floors, and facades that are dominatedby one or more steeply pitched cross gables.Patterned brick or stone walls are common, as arerounded doorways, multipaned casementwindows, and large stone chimneys.
Queen Anne--A sub-style of the late Victorianera, Queen Anne is a collection of coquettishdetailing and eclectic materials. Steep cross-gabled roofs, towers, and vertical windows areall typical of a Queen Anne home. Inventive,multistory floor plans often include projectingwings, several porches and balconies, andmultiple chimneys with decorative chimneypots. Wooden "gingerbread" trim in scrolled androunded "fish-scale" patterns frequently gracesgables and porches. Massive cut stonefoundations are typical of period houses.
Romanesque Revival--The term "Romanesque" wasfirst applied by critics in the early nineteenth centuryto describe the architecture of the later eleventh andthe twelfth centuries, because certain architecturalelements, principally the round arch, resembled thoseof ancient Roman architecture. Thus, the word servedto distinguish Romanesque from buildings.Romanesque Revival (circa 1880) borrowed severalelements from the earlier Romanesque style. The mostnoted is the round arch. Arches are used decorativelyto highlight important parts of the building such asentrances. Arches are also used to unite one or morestories or to pull a large area of a building togethervisually. It also features thick masonry walls,cavernous entryways and window openings, roundedtowers with conical roofs, variable stone, tile and brickfacades.
Gothic
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