architecture part 1
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Architecture
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• The art and science of designing and constructing buildings
Architecture
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Architecture
• Is the art and science of designing buildings, bridges and structures to help us meet our personal and communal needs.
• Aims to satisfy the aesthetic requirements of the buildings without disregarding the need for a sound structure with complete utilities.
• A vehicle for artistic expression in three dimensions.
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Architects: specialists in designing structures
Architecture
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Types of Architectural Constructions
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Architecture
One of the early architectural developments was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method
A beam is placed horizontally across upright posts.
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Architecture
Parthenon in Athens, Greece.
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Architecture
Parthenon in Athens, Greece.
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Architecture
Ancient Greek “Orders” (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base.
http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html
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ArchitectureEntablature: the top of an order; includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html
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Architecture
Other key developments include the arch,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
Arches have many functions including supporting other structures such as roofs and serving as actual and symbolic gateways.
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Architecture
the vault,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
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Architecture
and the dome
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm
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Architecture
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An arch is often made up of small stones called voussoir and a large central stone called a keystone.
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Architecture
A series of columns is called a colonnade.
A series of arches is called an arcade.
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Architecture
The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.
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Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They developed concrete as a building material, which was used in building aqueducts, baths, and other public works projects.
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Architecture
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm
Flying Buttress: external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.
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ArchitectureDuring the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm
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Architecture
and wrought iron:
The Eiffel Tower