architectural phenomenology: towards a design methodology of person and place

7/25/2019 Architectural Phenomenology: Towards a Design Methodology of Person and Place

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ELZT\EJT

E\JFOTKJT[\EC RFKHAGKHACAN_0

TA^E\DZ E DKZONH GKTFADACAN_ AI RK\ZAH EHD RCEJK

ly Devod Tfages YahdkrLrohm

Tfos tfksos dajugkht ohvkstonetks tfk pfocasapfojec gavkgkht ai pfkhagkhacany ehd ots

ogpcojetoahs oh iargohn eh erjfotkjturec dksonh gktfadacany. Tfk wrotohns ai sujf

kxostkhtoec pfocasapfkrs ehd eutfars es Gertoh Fkodknnkr, Geurojk Gkrckeu-Rahty, ehdJfrostoeh Harlkrn-Zjfucz erk dosjusskd. Ta pasotoah tfk ernugkht wotfoh e jurrkht

doeckjtojeccy appasohn dosjaursk, tfk dkjahstrujtovost wrotohns ai @ejquks Dkrrode ehd fosohicukhjk ah tfk erjfotkjturk ai Lkrherd Tsjfugo ehd Rktkr Koskhgeh erk kxpcarkd.Ztkvkh Faccs Guskug ai Jahtkgparery Ert ehd Cauos Mefhs Zecm Ohstotutk iar

Loacanojec Ztudoks occustretk e pfkhagkhacanojec eppraejf oh dksonh tfraunf e iauhdetoah

oh tfk wrotohns ai tfk eiarkgkhtoahkd eutfars. Tfraunf tfksk kxegohetoahs e dksonh

gktfadacany tfet skkms ta kxprkss tfk ohtkrdkpkhdkht rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh pkrsah ehdpcejk os iargucetkd. Tfos gktfadacany os tfkh tkstkd oh tfk dksonh ai e cernk rksodkhtoec

ehd pkdkstroeh petf sotkd oh Johjohheto, Afoa.


2/44

Erjfotkjturec Rfkhagkhacany0

Tawerds e Dksonh Gktfadacany ai Rkrsah ehd Rcejk

E Tfksos

Zulgottkd ta tfk

Iejucty ai Goego [hovkrsoty

oh pertoec iucioccgkht ai

tfk rkquorkgkhts iar tfk dknrkk ai

Gestkr ai Erjfotkjturk

Dkpertgkht ai Erjfotkjturk ehd Ohtkroar Dksonh

ly

Devod Tfages YahdkrLrohm

Goego [hovkrsoty

Axiard, Afoa

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

@afh \kyhacds - Edvosar


Jreon Fohrojfs - \kedkr


Nkrerda Lrawh-Gehroquk \kedkr


3/44

oo

TELCK AI JAHTKHTZ

Renk #

5. OHT\AD[JTOAH


4/44

OHT\AD[JTOAH

Tfk ksskhjk ai aur kxostkhjk jahsosts

ai jahjrktk pfkhagkhe. Tfos ohjcudks

kvkrytfohn irag trkks ehd iarksts, ta

pkapck ehd ehogecs, ta stahks ehd wetkr,

ta iurhoturk, wohdaws, fausks, strkkts,

ehd jotoks. Ot ecsa ohjcudks jkckstoec

ladoks sujf es tfk suh, gaah, ehd sters

es wkcc es ogpecpelck pfkhagkhe sujf

es kgatoah ehd pkrjkptoah.

Ta uhdkrstehd pfkhagkhacany oh

ardkr ta iarg e dksonh gktfadacany O

wocc dosjuss tfk wrotohns ai sujf

kxostkhtoec pfocasapfkrs ehd eutfars es

Gertoh Fkodknnkr, Geurojk Gkrckeu-

Rahty, ehd Jfrostoeh Harlkrn-Zjfucz.

Ta pasotoah gy ernugkht wotfoh e

jurrkht doeckjtojeccy appasohn dosjaursk,

O wocc dosjuss tfk dkjahstrujtovost

wrotohns ai @ejquks Dkrrode ehd fos

ohicukhjk ah tfk erjfotkjturk ai Lkrherd

Tsjfugo ehd Rktkr Koskhgeh.

Occustretohn e pfkhagkhacanojec

eppraejf oh dksonh, O wocc ohvkstonetk,

tfraunf e iauhdetoah oh tfk wrotohns ai

tfk eiarkgkhtoahkd eutfars, Ztkvkh

Faccs Guskug ai Jahtkgparery Ert oh

Fkcsohmo ehd Cauos Mefhs Zecm Ohstotutk

iar Loacanojec Ztudoks oh Jecoiarhoe.

Tfraunf tfksk kxegohetoahs O wocc

iargucetk e dksonh gktfadacany tfet

skkms ta kxprkss ar rkvkec tfk

ohtkrdkpkhdkht rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh

pkrsah ehd pcejk.

Rfkhagkhacany, e pfocasapfy ai

ohvkstonetoah ohta tfk tfohns tfet khelck

us ta netfkr tfk warcd, appasks eh

elstrejt gktfad ai vokwohn aur warcd.

Gkehohn, elstrejt gktfads ai ohquory

sujf es sjokhtoioj, doenreggetoj,

nkagktroj, ehd ehecytojec eppraejfks

tfet errovk et al`kjtovk mhawckdnk da hat

edkquetkcy dksjrolk tfk strujturk ai tfk

jahjrktk warcd.

Rfkhagkhacany eccaws

us ta kxprkss tfk ksskhjk ai aur

kxostkhjk tfraunf erjfotkjturk. Tfus,

skkh oh ots tatecoty wotfoh

pfkhagkhacany= erjfotkjturk lkjagks

tfk jahjrktozetoah ai kxostkhtoec spejk.

Oh atfkr wards, eppraejfohn tfk prajkss

ai erjfotkjturec dksonh tfraunf e

pfkhagkhacanojec ckhs prkskhts tfk

passolocoty ai lrodnohn tfk

ohtkrdkpkhdkht rkcetoahsfop ai fugeh

kxostkhjk ehd tfk warcd.

5


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Fkodknnkr

Oh tfk tkxt Lkohn ehd Togk (5?99) ernukd tfet oh

jahvkhtoahec pfocasapfy ehd psyjfacany

tfk rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh pkrsah ehd

warcd fes lkkh rkdujkd ta kotfkr eh

odkecost ar rkecost pkrspkjtovk. Oh eh

odkecost vokw, tfk warcd os e iuhjtoah ai e

pkrsah wfa ejts ah tfk warcd tfraunf

jahsjoaushkss ehd, tfkrkiark, ejtovkcy

mhaws ehd sfepks fos ar fkr warcd. Oh

jahtrest, e rkecost vokw skks tfk pkrsah es

e iuhjtoah ai tfk warcd, gkehohn, tfk

warcd ejts ah tfk pkrsah ehd fk ar sfk

rkejts. Fkodknnkr jceogkd tfet latf

pkrspkjtovks erk aut ai taujf wotf tfk

heturk ai fugeh coik lkjeusk tfky

essugk e skperetoah ehd dorkjtoahec

rkcetoahsfop lktwkkh pkrsah ehd warcd

tfet daks hat kxost oh ejtuec covkd

kxpkrokhjk. Oh tfos skhsk,

pfkhagkhacany supkrskdks tfk odkecost

ehd rkecost dovosoah lktwkkh ohdovoduec

ehd warcd wotf e jahjkptoah oh wfojf

tfk twa erk ohdovosolcke pkrsah-warcd

wfack tfet os ahk retfkr tfeh twa.

Tfos os Fkodknnkrs pfkhagkhacany,

ahk ai kxpkrokhjohn Deskoh ar lkohn

tfkrk. _au erk lkohn oh jahtkxt, retfkr

tfeh Zaskoh ar lkohn tfus, aut ai

jahtkxt wotf yaur warcd. Oh rkejtoah ta

tfk dkstrujtovk dagohehjk ai pasotovosg

oh tfk kercy hohktkkhtf jkhtury,

Fkodknnkr saunft aronohec kxpkrokhjk

tfraunf ahtacany, tfk study ai tfk

aronohs ai cehnuenk. ^otfoh eh

erjfotkjturec dosjopcohk, Fkodknnkrs

ohtkrprktetoah ai Leukh, tfk Nkrgeh

ward iar luocdohn, es dwkccohn os

rkjanhozkd. Erjfotkjturk os hat `ust

elaut tfohmohn, ot os elaut ikkcohn ehd

tfet ikkcohn dkpkhds ah togk, pcejk ehd

sul`kjt. Tfk ikkcohns ohvamkd ly tfos

kxpkrokhjk cked ta paktry, herretovks, ehd

uctogetkcy luoct iarg oh ardkr ta

dkgahstretk aur kxostkhjk.

Fkodknnkr stetks tfet tfohns netfkr,

ar erk tfk ohtkrgkdoery lktwkkh fugeh

kxostkhjk ehd tfk warcd. Oh atfkr wards,

luoct al`kjts jrketk e pcejk iar

ahtacanojec kvkhts. Tfksk kvkhts wfkrk

tfk netfkrohn ai tfk iaur dogkhsoahs ai

tfk warcd kertf, fkevkhs, gartecs, ehd

tfk dovohk temks pcejk erk wfkrk

fugehs dwkcc.

Gkrckeu-Rahty

Tfk Irkhjf pfocasapfkr Geurojk

Gkrckeu-Rahty (5?26-5?95) jahsodkrs

pfkhagkhacany eh kxostkhtoec

pfocasapfy comk Fkodknnkr, lut


6/44

jahjkhtretks ah tfk ogpartehjk ai tfk

lady ehd pkrjkptuec kxpkrokhjk.

Gkrckeu-Rahty lknohs ta pcejk ahk lkohn

oh tfk warcd, ar fos ar fkr skci-

ewerkhkss, es eh al`kjtovk khnenkgkht

wotf tfk warcd, wfkrk tfk lady os tfk

al`kjtovk ohtkrgkdoery lktwkkh wfet

Fkodknnkr spkems ai es tfk pkrsah-warcd

rkcetoahsfop.

Tfk gohd's ejjkss ta tfk autsodk

warcd gust ohkvotelcy erosk irag tfk

lady's gavkgkht oh ot, wfojf ecsa

hkjksserocy ohvacvks e gavkgkht ai ot0

"Yosolck ehd galock, gy lady os e tfohn

egahn tfohns= ot os jeunft oh tfk ielroj ai

tfk warcd, ehd ots jafksoah os tfet ai e

tfohn. Gkrckeu-Rahtys gast iegaus

kxegpck os tfet ai tfk lcohd pkrsah

hevonetohn wotf tfk eod ai e stojm, wfkrk

tfk stojm, comk e jerpkhtkrs taac,

nredueccy lkjagks eh kxtkhsoah ai tfk

erg tfet facds ot.

Gkrckeu-Rahty, ecahn wotf tfk

Irkhjf eutfar Fkhro Lkrnsah (56;?-

5?45), spkjoiojeccy oh tfk tkxtGettkr ehd

Gkgary(56?


7/44

kstelcosfks e gkehohniuc rkcetoahsfop

lktwkkh fugehs ehd tfk khvorahgkht.

Tfk kxostkhtoec purpask ai luocdohn os ta

jrketkpcejkirag e sotk, tfet os, ta rkvkec

tfk patkhtoec gkehohns novkh wotfoh e

sotuetoah. Fugehs dwkcc wfkh wk erk

elck ta jahjrktozk tfk warcd oh luoct

iarg, wfkrk jahjrktozetoah os tfk rksuct

ai ert retfkr tfeh sjokhjk ar tfk elstrejt.

Erjfotkjturk jahjrktozks, ar netfkrs tfk

khtehnckgkhts ai aur kvkrydey coik-

warcd, wfkrk netfkrohn rkikrs ta tfk

progery espkjts ai fugehs lkohn-oh-

tfk-warcd. Dwkccohn, tfraunf

odkhtoiojetoah ehd arokhtetoah, netfkrs tfk

warcd ar khvorahgkht ohta luocdohn.

Harlkrn-Zjfucz esms, wfet os tfk

tesm ai erjfotkjturk1 Ot os ta "gemk e sotk

lkjagk e 'pcejk', tfet os, ta uhjavkr tfk

gkehohns patkhtoeccy prkskht oh tfk novkh

khvorahgkht". Tfus ot lkjagks jcker

wfet tfk Nkrgeh pakt Irokdrojf

Fcdkrcoh gkehs ly seyohn "paktojeccy,

dwkccs geh upah tfos kertf". Tfos lkcoki

gemks ot jcker tfet erjfotkjturk iejocotetks

e wey ai dwkccohn oh e Fkodknnkroeh

hatoah0 "Tfk wey oh wfojf yau erk ehd O

eg, tfk wey oh wfojf wk fugehs erk ah

tfk kertf, os dwkccohn." Oi wk dwkcc oh

tfet skhsk "ot os tfraunf dwkccohn otskci

tfet wk ckt tfk kertf lk es kertf" ehd tfos

gonft aiikr e sacutoah ta tfk jurrkht

pralckg ai ohdovoduec jahhkjtoah ta aur

warcd.

Dkjahstrujtoah

^otfoh e pfkhagkhacanojec

iregkwarm ehd eh erjfotkjturec

gktfadacany, tfk wrotohns ai tfk Irkhjf

pfocasapfkr @ejquks Dkrrode (5?:2-)

pravodk eh appasohn ernugkht ah tfk

pfocasapfojec spkjtrug, e gavkgkht

wotfoh pfocasapfy ehd erjfotkjturk

mhawh es dkjahstrujtoah. Tfos

gavkgkht jfecckhnks tfk iargucetoahs

ai jkrteoh lesoj prkjkpts ai ^kstkrh

gktepfysojs sujf es prkskhjk, trutf, tfk

pasotoah ai tfk sul`kjt, ehd tfk heturk ai

odkhtoty.

Dkrrodes prajkss getkroecozkd aut ai

eh appasotoah ta strujturecosg ehd e

dksork ta kxpask tfk eglonuoty ai

cehnuenk. Oh atfkr wards, Dkrrode

dkjahstrujtkd, ar dosskjtkd tfk warms ai

prkvoaus sjfacers oh ardkr ta pravk tfet

cehnuenk os jahstehtcy sfoitohn. [sohn

cohnuostojs, fk ernukd eneohst tredotoahec

essugptoahs tfet tkxt passkssks eh

uhjfehnohn, uhoiokd gkehohn. Tfk

cohnuostoj gadkc fk prkskhts doiikrs

nrketcy irag Gkrckeu-Rahtys hatoah ai

tfk sul`kjt-al`kjt rkcetoahsfop ehd

4


8/44

;

kspkjoeccy Fkodknnkrs lkcoki tfet

cehnuenk rkvkecs lesoj kxostkhtoec

strujturks. Dkrrode rkdkiohks tfk

jrketoah ehd apkretoah ai tkxtuec

gkehohn sujf tfet tfkrk os ha gavkgkht

irag tfk germs ah tfk penk ta gkhtec

jahjkpts. Fk eogs ta sfaw tfk ohfkrkht

tkhsoah lktwkkh tfk prohjopcks ai jceroty

tfet ruck pfocasapfy ehd tfk ohksjepelck

sfartjagohns tfet erk essajoetkd wotf ots

jahstrujtoah.

Dkrrode lkcokvkd tfet ha tfkary jaucd

prktkhd ta lk elsacutkcy jahsostkht,

canojec, ar prkskht otskci es e skci-

jahteohkd systkg. Oi ot dod, ot jaucd ahcy

da sa ly fodohn ar rkprkssohn sagktfohn

tfet dod hat iot ots vokw ai tfohns. Tfos

odkacany oh turh ckd ta e cass ai gkehohn

oh ecc ckvkcs ai sajoec ohtkrejtoah. Tfus,

ot os kvodkht tfet dkjahstrujtovk ohquory,

uhcomk e pfkhagkhacanojec ar

pkrjkptueccy leskd eppraejf, skkms ta

lcur tfk cohks ai gkehohn oh tfk warcd

retfkr tfeh ettkgpt ta errovk et e nrketkr

uhdkrstehdohn ai aur rkcetoahsfop es

fugehs oh tfk warcd.

Dkjahstrujtoah wotfoh erjfotkjturk

pravodks e gktfad ai jrotoquohn tfk

suppaskdcy uhoiyohn ehd odkecostoj,

gavkgkht ai Gadkrhosg. Es Dkrrode

saunft ta dosskjt tredotoahec, ar

gktepfysojec essugptoahs ai tkxt,

dkjahstrujtovost erjfotkjts iajuskd ah e

skroks ai tfkarktojec pra`kjts ehd saunft

ta dk-jkhtkr tfk jahjkpt ai jcessojec

ardkr ehd spejk. Tfus, retfkr tfeh

ettkgptohn ta uhjavkr tfk gkehohns

patkhtoeccy prkskht oh e novkh

khvorahgkht, dkjahstrujtovost erjfotkjts

sujf es Lkrherd Tsjfugo ehd Rktkr

Koskhgeh jrketkd e gktfad ai jrotoquohn

erjfotkjturk tfet onharks kxpkrokhtoec

jahjkrhs ehd gettkrs ai fugeh

pkrjkptoah. Tfk jrotoquk lkjegk tfk

iargetoah ai luoct iarg ehd spejk purkcy

iar tfk semk ai tfkarktojec erjfotkjturk.

^fkrkes erjfotkjturec

pfkhagkhacany ettkgpts ta ectkr tfk

peredong ai iarg iaccaws iuhjtoah ta

iarg iaccaws kxpkrokhjk, dkjahstrujtoah

gorrars Gadkrhosg oh hugkraus weys

ly ogpcyohn iuhjtoah os jaohjodkhtec ta

iarg. Tfus, tfk wrotohn ehd

ejjagpehyohn luoct warm os kcotost ehd

dktejfkd irag ehy kxpkrokhtoec

skhsolocotoks. Tfk dkjahstrujtovost

tkhdkhjy os ta dosjauht tfk novkh jahicojt

lktwkkh paktojs ehd prengetojs iejkd ly

erjfotkjts. Ohdovoduec jahhkjtoah, aur

rkcetoahsfop ai lkohn-oh-tfk-warcd, os

sogpcy dosrknerdkd.


9/44

Lkrherd Tsjfugo Tfk iaccoks taam tfk iarg ai e

jacckjtoah ai stkkc pevocoahs tfet

uctogetkcy jrketk kvkhts wotfoh tfk gksf

ai ceykrs tfet qukstoah gkehohn. Tfos

rksuctkd oh e getjf ehd gosgetjf ai

iargs esporohn ta eh ehto-Jcessojec

erjfotkjturk ai uhkxpkjtkd

jahionuretoahs. Tfk prajkss ehd

erlotrery rksuct ettkgptkd ta onhark tfk

lesoj tkhkts ai erjfotkjturk tfraunfaut

fostary - jagpasotoah, fokrerjfy ehd

ardkr.

E ge`ar jahstrujtkd gehoikstetoah ai

tfos gktfad kgkrnkd oh Lkrherd

Tsjfugos Rerj dk ce Yocckttk oh Reros

(5?6:). Fos ehto-gadkrhost eppraejf

dkjahstrujtkd tfk tredotoahec dajtrohk ai

iarg iaccaws iuhjtoah, ehd iajuskd ah

jahtkgparery sajokty's dos`uhjtoah

lktwkkh usk, iarg, ehd sajoec vecuks.

Tsjfugo lkcokvkd tfksk systkgs wkrk

jagpcktkcy uhrkcetkd. Fk supkrogpaskd

tfrkk ardkrohn systkgs0 paohts (ar

iaccoks), cohks (ar petfs), ehd suriejks (ar

pranreggetoj spejks) wfkrk voackht

jaccosoahs wkrk khjaurenkd.

Ion.


11/44

Rert ai tfk dkjahstrujtovost

pfocasapfy wes tfkrkiark ta dktejf

erjfotkjturk irag iuhjtoah ehd ta eccaw e

irkk pcey ai dksonh, irkk irag prejtojec

jahstreohts. Ohdkkd dkjahstrujtoah

waucd dkhy ehy dorkjt rkcetoahsfop

lktwkkh tfk iarg ehd tfk iuhjtoah ai e

luocdohn. Tfos rkcetoahsfop os e gettkr ai

jaohjodkhjk. Fkrk erjfotkjturec iarg

lkjagks e skci-prapkccohn tfohn oh otskci

ehd wfock tfk pranreg ehd jcokht gey

aiikr e hkjkssery stertohn paoht, tfk

rksuctohn iarg os ohkvotelcy

uhprkdojtelck ehd rksucts oh gkrk

erjfotkjturec dyhegojs ehd e warm ai

jahtohuec skci-ehecysos vaod ai

kxpkrokhtoec gkehohn. Oh tfos eppraejf,

tfkh, tfk jahjkpt ai tfk pkrsah-warcd

rkcetoahsfop os jagpcktkcy cast.

atfkr aptoahs ehd iargs erk passolck ehd

oh iejt, tfkrk os ha uctogetk trutf ar ardkr

tfet jeh lk kxprksskd oh ehy sohnck

luocdohn.

Ion.4

Ion. ;

Ztkvkh Facc

Evaodohn tfk dkjahstrujtovost,

ehecytojec gktfad, erjfotkjt Ztkvkh Facc

eppraejfks erjfotkjturec dksonh tfraunf

e pfkhagkhacanojec ckhs. Zogocer ta

Gkrckeu-Rahtys kxostkhtoec lkcoki tfet

ahks skci-ewerkhkss ehd lady kxost es

al`kjt khnenkgkhts wotf tfk warcd, Facc

iajusks ah fugeh pkrjkptoah es ahk

gavks tfraunf spejk. \etfkr tfeh

eppraejfohn tfk pra`kjt irag tfk kxtkroarIon. 9

6


12/44

ohta tfk ohtkroar, Facc iorst ettkgpts ta

uhdkrstehd tfk kxpkrokhtoec rkcetoahsfop

ai tfk fugeh lady ta conft ehd ohtkroar

spejk. ârmohn jahjkptueccy irag tfk

ohsodk aut, ohjarparetohn veroaus sjecks

ehd ckvkcs, ehd utocozohn twa tfkgks fk

celkcs es ehjfarohn ehd ohtkrtwohohn,

Facc jrketks sjucpturec spejks rojf oh

conft tfet iarg pkrjkptuec ehd skhsuec

kxpkrokhjks. Tfk Guskug ai

Jahtkgparery Ert oh Fkcsohmo, Iohcehd

(5??6), ar Moesge, kxkgpcoioks Faccs

kgporojec ehd tejtock dksonh eppraejf= eh

eppraejf tfet lknohs wotf tfk suspkhsoah

ai prengetosg ckedohn ta dosjavkry ehd

pceyiuchkss tfet uctogetkcy dorkjts fos

dksonh prajkss. Fk ogpckgkhts e gohd-

lady kxpkrokhjk ai erjfotkjturk tfraunf

rkickjtoah ai conft aii ohtkrhec suriejks

ehd avkrceppohn pkrspkjtovks jrketkd

tfraunf gavkgkht.

Ta ejfokvk tfos kxpkrokhtoec jahjkpt

tfet drovks tfk dksonh, Facc smktjfks wotf

wetkrjacar. ôtf fos ohtuotoah oh jahtrac,

tfk wetkrjacar eccaws fog ta kxpcark oh e

pceyiuccy venuk gehhkr, rksuctohn oh e

prajkss tfet os soguctehkauscy

jahjkptuec ehd skhsolck. Tfk gkdoug

eccaws fog ta jepturk quecotoks ai conft,

rkickjtoah, ehd gavkgkht es fk ettkgpts

ta uhdkrstehd wfet tfk kxpkrokhtoec

quecotoks ai tfk spejk wocc lk.

Ion.>

Faccs usk ai gktepfar ecsa skrvks es

e stertohn paoht. Tfk gktepfar iorst

"ehjfars" e pra`kjt ta tfk sotk oh e

pfysojec ehd gktepfysojec skhsk oh ardkr

ta hat ùst rkst ah e sotk lut ecsa lknoh ta

kxpceoh ot. Tfus, tfk gktepfar naks ah ta

pravodk e jahjkptuec iregk tfraunf

wfojf ta uhdkrstehd tfk pra`kjt. Tfos

Fkodknnkroeh hatoah ai ehjfarohn

netfkrs tfk gkehohn ai tfk sotuetoah= ot

jahhkjts tfk pfkhagkhec prapkrtoks

novkh wotfoh tfk sotk ta tfk jahjkptuec

stretknoks.

Oh Fkcsohmo, Facc jrketks twa

gktepfars, e cohk ai jucturk ehd e cohk ai

heturk. Moesge, e Nrkkm ward larrawkd

irag Gkrckeu-Rahty tfet gkehs

ohtkrtwohohn, ajjurs wfkrk tfk

?


13/44

Duk ta Fkcsohmos fonf cetotudk ehd

farozahtec reys ai tfk suh, tfk dksonh

jurvks oh latf pceh ehd skjtoah ta

jepturk tfk dostohjtovk heturec conft

jrketohn veroetoahs oh conft quecoty tfet

ohvonaretk tfk vosotar wotf sultck lut

pfkhagkheccy kxpkrokhtoec doiikrkhjks.

ohtkrskjtoah ai tfksk gktepfars temk

pcejk. Tfk luocdohn's gess ohtkrtwohks

wotf tfk nkagktry ai tfk joty ehd

cehdsjepk. Tfk jurvocohker scojk tfraunf

tfk luocdohn ogpcoks e jucturec cohk

cohmohn tfk luocdohn ta Iohcehdoe Fecc, e

ckedohn jahjkrt ehd jahnrkss fecc oh

Fkcsohmo. Tfk heturec cohk ai tfk

luocdohn jahhkjts ot ta Tc Ley, tfk

tapanrepfoj fkert ai Fkcsohmo. Fkrk,

wotfoh tfos ohtkrtwohohn, cok iacdkd

pcehks, heturec conft, ehd sockht spejks

iar dospceyohn warms ai ert.

Tfk iacdkd pcehks tfet jrketk

avkrceppohn pkrspkjtovks oh tfk ohtkroar

erk ehjfarkd oh tfk nkagktry ai tfk joty

ehd surrauhdohn cehdsjepk. Fawkvkr,

tfk rksuctohn iarg ehd quecoty ai tfksk

pcehks os dkrovkd dorkjtcy irag Faccs

dksork ta kxprkss tfk gavkgkht ai tfk

lady tfraunf tfk spejk. Tfk iacdkd

pcehks jrketk guctopck vehosfohn paohts,

apkhohn e jahdotoah ai spetoec pereccex

gkehohn, eh kvkr-jfehnohn spejk leskd

ah tfk ladys rkcetoah ta tfk tfohns

erauhd ot ehd tfk jahsteht icux ai conft

netfkrkd ly tfask tfohns. Tfus Facc

drews irag Gkrckeu-Rahtys lkcoki tfet

tfk lady ejts es eh ohtkriejk ta tfk warcd

es wkcc es Fkodknnkrs hatoah tfet tfohns

netfkr tfk warcd.

Ion.6

Zockht spejk, es Facc ehd jacckenuk

@ufeho Reccesgee rkikr ta ot, os jrketkd

wotfoh tfk guskug ly kcogohetohn tfk

ohtkrgkdoetk sjeck ai tfk luocdohn, tfus

eccawohn tfk warm otskci ta iocc tfet vaod.

Iar kxegpck, jacughs, gacdohns, ehd

wohdaw apkhohns erk hat ertojucetkd oh

ievar ai hkutrec wecc gessks. Tfk

erjfotkjturk os kxprksskd tfraunf dkteocs

sujf es tfk twost ai e daar fehdck, tfk

kdnk ai e steor, ehd tfk kxpaskd

tfojmhkss ai e scel ai ncess, eccawohn tfk

lady ehd ots dorkjt jahhkjtoah ta ots

52


14/44

surrauhdohns lkjagk ai progery

ogpartehjk. Fkhjk, wotfoh Faccs

pfkhagkhacanojec eppraejf, tfk

iuhjtoah ai tfk spejk os teocarkd ta tfk

kxpkrokhjk ai lkohn oh tfet spejk.

Eneoh, ot os kvodkht fkrk tfet Facc drews

irag Gkrckeu-Rahtys ehd Lkrnsahs

lkcoki tfet tfk ejtoah ai tfk lady os tfk

iregkwarm iar jahjkptuec uhdkrstehdohn

ai tfk tfohns erauhd us.

Cauos O. Mefh

Tfk erjfotkjturk ai Cauos Mefh

(5?25-5?>4) ecsa skkms ta kxpcark tfk

ohtkrrkcetoahsfop ai pkrsah ehd warcd

spkjoiojeccy oh faw ahk khnenks luocdohn

ehd faw e luocdohn khnenks sotk. Tfk

Zecm Ohstotutk iar Loacanojec Ztudoks oh

Ce @acce, Jecoiarhoe kxkgpcoioks Mefhs

erjfotkjturk ai pfkhagkhacany. Mefh

waucd esm fogskci, ^fet daks tfk

luocdohn weht ta lk. Tfus, ectfaunf fk

dod hat spkem dorkjtcy ai

pfkhagkhacany, ot os kvodkht tfet fk

tfaunft wotfoh tfk iregkwarm ai eh

kxpkrokhtoec gktfad, ahk ai jahhkjtoah

lktwkkh sotk, luocdohn, ehd lady.

^fkh ahk iorst eppraejfks tfk

ohtkroar jaurtyerd, wfet Mefh rkikrs ta

essockhjkoh erjfotkjturk, e tkrg eppcokd

sogocercy ly Facc, lkjagks prkskht. Fk

paktojeccy stetks, Zockhjk ta conft,

gkehohn tfk dksork ta kxprkss ehd

kxpceoh tfraunf luocdohn lrohns

passolocotoks ohta prkskhjk. Tfk sogpck,

rkcetovkcy uhedarhkd gess ai tfk

icehmohn celaretaroks eccaws sujf tfohns

es fugeh ejtovoty ehd ohtkrejtoah ta

spkem wotfoh tfk spejk. \kjeccohn

Fkodknnkrs hatoah ai netfkrohn, tfk

vkrtojec luocdohn gessks, farozahtec icaar

pcehk, ehd smy elavk iregk ahks

jahhkjtoah ta tfk cehdsjepk lkyahd.

Tfos jahhkjtoah os temkh e stkp iurtfkr oh

Faccs rkedohn ai tfk spejk= Tfkrk os e

togk ai dey wfkh tfk suh, rkickjtohn ah

tfk ajkeh, gkrnks wotf conft rkickjtohn

ah tfk rovuckt ai wetkr Ajkeh ehd

jaurtyerd erk iuskd ly ]tfosW

pfkhagkhah Erjfotkjturk ehd heturk

erk `aohkd oh e gktepfysojs ai pcejk.

Ion. ?

Es ahk gavks tfraunf tfk pceze

tawerd tfk farozah, tfk pceze kxtkhds

dawhwerd tfraunf e skroks ai stkps ehd

55


15/44

Mefh lkcokvkd oh rkvkecohn faw e

luocdohn ehd ots getkroecs wkrk iargkd.

Tfos jahjkpt rkickjts Gkrckeu-Rahtys

ehd Lkrnsahs lkcoki oh tfk

ohtkrjahhkjtkd rkcetoahsfop ai

mhawckdnk lktwkkh tfk lady ehd tfk

warcd. Ot os ecsa kvodkht tfet

Fkodknnkrs tfaunfts ah cehnuenk ehd

paktry skkp ohta Mefhs gktfad, kvkh oi

hat kxpcojotcy. Tfraunf rkedohn Mefhs

paktry ehd herretovks, ahk jeh skk tfk

ohicukhjk ai cehnuenk ah fos dksonhs ehd

tfk jahhkjtoah ta Fkodknnkrs hatoah ai

lkohn-tfkrk retfkr tfeh lkohn-tfus. Tfk

kgkrnkhjk ai ksskhjk os epperkht oh sujf

wrotohns es tfos0

wetkr ieccs ta pfysojeccy jahhkjt ta tfk

cehdsjepk. Tfk netfkrohn ai tfk warcd,

tfraunf tfk luocdohn, ohta lkohn os

kvodkht.

Oh tfk segk wey, Mefh lrohns conft

ohta tfk jaurtyerd ehd ohtkrstotoec spejks

lktwkkh tfk aiiojks ehd celaretaroks ta

netfkr tfk warcd, ta rkvkec tfk iarg ehd

getkroecoty oh heturec conft sa tfet ahk

jeh lknoh ta dorkjtcy jahhkjt ta tfk

warcd. Tfraunf sfedaw, tfk prajkss ai

jrketohn tfk iarg os rkvkeckd es wkcc.

Iar kxegpck, tfk pettkrh jrketkd ly tfk

iargwarm ai tfk jahjrktk os ejjkhtuetkd

ehd tfk toks erk ckit oh pcejk ta spkem ai

tfk gktfad tfraunf wfojf ot wes

jahstrujtkd.

Zockhjk ta Conft

Conft ta Zockhjk

Tfk tfrksfacd ai tfkor jrassohn

os tfk Zohnuceroty

os Ohsporetoah

(^fkrk tfk dksork ta kxprkss gkkts

tfk passolck)

os tfk Zehjtuery ai Ert

os tfk Trkesury ai tfk Zfedaws

(Getkroec jests sfedaws sfedaws

lkcahn ta conft)

Ion. 52

5


16/44

DKZONH GKTFADACAN_

Oh ardkr iar fugehs ta dwkcc, ehd

tfkrkiark kxpkrokhjk jahjrktk

pfkhagkhe ehd pcejk, erjfotkjturk gust

eccaw tfk lady ta kxpkrokhjk ehd khnenk

tfk tfohnhkss ai tfk luoct iarg tfet

surrauhds ot. Oh tfos skhsk, tfk luocdohn

gust khnenk tfk sotk oh ardkr ta gemk tfk

sotk prkskht ta tfk lady= ot gust

pfysojeccy ehd gktepfysojeccy kxpceoh

ehd rkickjt tfk jahjkpt ai sotk. Tfk

luocdohn gust netfkr tfk gkehohn ai e

spkjoioj sotuetoah.

Es Facc ejjagpcosfkd oh fos

wetkrjacar smktjfks ehd gktepfaroj

ehjfarohn ehd Mefh oh fos paktoj

rkedohns ehd study ai getkroec, ahk gust

errovk et tfk ksskhjk ai tfk sotk ehd

pranreg ta jrketk e jahjkpt. Gktepfar

ehd cehnuenk lkjagk hkjkssery taacs iar

iohdohn tfos ksskhjk. Tfus, tfk ksskhjk

ai e warm ai erjfotkjturk os eh arnehoj

cohm lktwkkh jahjkpt ehd iarg.

Tfk ahtacanojec herretovk ar pakg

tfkh lkjagks e `ugpohn aii paoht irag

wfojf ta dosjavkr uhdkrcyohn

jaggahecotoks tfet germ tfk ksskhtoec

jark ai tfk pfkhagkhah. Oh atfkr

wards, tfk pfkhagkhacanost pkrjkovks

spkjoioj ohstehjks ai tfk pfkhagkhah

tfet os sotk wotf tfk fapk tfet tfksk

ohstehjks, oh togk, wocc paoht tawerd

gark nkhkrec quecotoks ehd

jferejtkrostojs tfet ejjuretkcy dksjrolk

tfk ksskhtoec heturk ai tfk pcejk ehd aur

rkcetoahsfop ta ot= gkehohn, ots prkskhjk

ehd sonhoiojehjk oh tfk jahjrktk covks ehd

kxpkrokhjks ai fugehs.

Ta lknoh e pfkhagkhacanojec

eppraejf, ahk gust put ohta cehnuenk

wfet fk ar sfk netfkrs irag tfk warcd.

Gkehohn, tfk ksskhjk ai tfk jahjrktk

pfkhagkhe tfet surrauhds us ehd

pkhktretks us gust lk dkjopfkrkd. Ahk

puts ohta cehnuenk tfos netfkrohn ly

rkcyohn ah pkrjkptoah, aur ladys

khnenkgkht ehd mhawckdnk ai tfk tfohns

tfet erk prkskhtkd ta us, ehd pest

kxpkrokhjk ar gkgary. Es kxkgpcoiokd

oh Mefhs prajkss, ly esmohn ahks skci0

wfet daks tfk sotk tkcc gk elaut wfet os

tfkrk ar wfet wes tfkrk, wfet daks tfk

luocdohn weht ta lk, faw da O weht tfk

lady ta kxpkrokhjk ehd khnenk tfk

spejk= cehnuenk wocc lknoh ta prkskht

otskci.

Irag tfos paoht, cehnuenk gust lknoh

ta ohiarg tfk kxpkrokhjk ai kejf spejk

wotfoh tfk pranreg ai tfk luocdohn ehd

jahtkxt ai tfk sotk. Tfet os ta sey tfet tfk

kxpkrokhtoec quecoty ai kejf spejk tfet os

5:


17/44

ta lk, ehd tfk ogpckgkhtetoah ai tfk

jahjkpt ohta smktjfks, gadkcs, peohtohns,

ktj. gust nraw aut ai ahks pkrjkptoah ai

fos ar fkr rkcetoahsfop ta tfk sotk.

Iar kxegpck, tfk kxpcaretoah ai

getkroecs wotfoh gadkcohn ehd atfkr

gktfads rkprkskhtohn wfet os ogenohkd

es wkcc es getkroecs tfet waucd ejtueccy

lk uskd sfaucd fkcp kxpceoh ar netfkr tfk

ohtkhdkd kxpkrokhtoec quecoty ai tfk

spejk. Jacar, tkxturk, sjeck, ktj. sfaucd

lk jahsodkrkd es e gkehs ai kxprkssohn

ar iucioccohn tfk dksorkd kxpkrokhjk.

Tfos gktfadacany dkhoks sujf

skkgohncy elstrejt gktfads ai

ohvkstonetoah ar iargec ohicukhjk es

nkagktry es eppcokd wotfoh

dkjahstrujtoah. Fawkvkr, tfet os hat ta

sey tfet nkagktry, iar kxegpck, jehhat

lk uskd es e gktfad ai ohquory ecc

tanktfkr. \etfkr, nkagktroj eppraejfks

gey lk tfk rksuct ai sujf ohquoroks ohta

fostaroj ar jucturec ohicukhjks tfet gey

cked ta kxpkrokhtoec pfkhagkhe wotf e

naec ai gktepfysojeccy kxpceohohn e sotk.

E pfkhagkhacanojec dksonh

gktfadacany nrauhdkd wotfoh

Fkodknnkrs odkec ai eh ohtkrrkcetkd

pkrsah-warcd rkcetoahsfop ehd Gkrckeu-

Rahtys hatoah ai lady kstelcosfks tfk

passolocoty ai jrketohn erjfotkjturk ai

gkehohn. Tfraunf tfos gktfadacany,

erjfotkjturk wocc lk elaut kxpkrokhjk ehd

wocc khelck fugehs ta dwkcc oh pcejks

tfet jagprosk kxostkhtoec spejk, spejk

tfet qukhjfks aur dksork iar arokhtetoah

ehd odkhtoiojetoah, ehd luoct iarg tfet

kxprkssks aur lkohn-oh-tfk-warcd.

54


18/44

EDDKHD[G

Es O lkneh tfohmohn elaut wfojf sotk

O sfaucd jfaask ta kxpcark tfos odke ar

gktfad ai dksonhohn tfraunf e

pfkhagkhacanojec ckhs, tfk jrotkroe O

dosjavkrkd ta lk hkjkssery wes ejtueccy

quotk cogotkd. Oh atfkr wards, ehy sotk

tfet O jfask ohfkrkhtcy fed gkehohn,

fostary, ehd eh ksskhjk tfet jaucd lk

kxpcarkd ehd uctogetkcy dosjavkrkd.

Tfkrkiark, O iauhd ot ogparteht ta jfaask

e sotk tfet iorst ehd iarkgast jaucd lk

kesocy ejjkssolck ah e deocy ehd honftcy

lesos= e sotk tfet wes rkcetovkcy lerk oh

tfk skhsk ai prk-kxostohn strujturks sa es

hat ta fevk gy ohtkhtoahs gosdorkjtkd

tawerd e dosjussoah ai rkhavetoah ar rk-

felotetoah= ehd ioheccy e sotk tfet skkgkd

ta lk cejmohn sagktfohn, kvkh oi O dodht

mhaw wfet tfet wes wfkh O iorst lkneh

gy ohvkstonetoah.

Afoa \ovkr. Gt. Edegs jahsosts ai

stkkp, wohdohn strkkts, queoht lautoquks,

ert starks, rksteurehts, lers, germkt-retk

fausohn, ehd fonf-projkd sohnck-iegocy

fagks, raw fausks, ehd jahdagohougs.

Tfk Johjohheto hkonflarfaad os e vkry

papucer cajec ettrejtoah ehd dkstohetoah

iar sfappohn ehd honftcoik. Gt. Edegs

os ecsa e fat spat duk ta ots ed`ejkhjy ta

Kdkh Rerm, e wkcc-uskd pulcoj spejk

fagk ta tfk Rceyfausk oh tfk Rerm, tfk

Johjohheto Ert Guskug, ehd tfk Mrafh

Jahskrvetary.

Tfk sotk tfet O jfask iar tfk purpask

ai kxpcarohn erjfotkjturec

pfkhagkhacany ehd tfk pkrsah-pcejk

rkcetoahsfop os sotuetkd lktwkkh Kestkrh

Evkhuk ehd Jacugloe Rermwey oh

Johjohheto, Afoa. Tfk sotk os aitkh

rkikrrkd ta es Edegs Cehdohn lkjeusk ai

ots cajetoah et tfk lesk ai Gt. Edegs= eh

eiicukht hkonflarfaad avkrcaamohn tfk

Jkhtrec Lusohkss Dostrojt (JLD) ehd tfk

Tfk Afoa \ovkr, e Johjohheto

jkhtkrpokjk ai jaggkrjoec trehspartetoah

ehd pulcoj rkjrketoah, ruhs ecahn tfk

sautf ai tfk sotk. Lktwkkh tfk sautfwkst

jarhkr ai gy sotk ehd tfk sfark ai tfk

Afoa \ovkr coks Zewykr Raoht, e gock-

cahn cohker perm tfet iketurks ewerd

wohhohn cehdsjepohn, e pkriargehjk

pevocoah, gehy autdaar ejtovotoks sujf es

e jfocdrkhs pceynrauhd, tkhhos,

vacckylecc, eh ojk rohm oh tfk wohtkr

gahtfs, ehd e Johjohheto cehdgerm

rksteureht, tfk Gahtnagkry Ohh

Laetfausk. (Zkk Ion. 55 Kxostohn Zotk

Rceh)

Tfk erke mhawh es Edegs Cehdohn,

e


19/44

Evk., >.; ejrks ai wfojf khjagpess gy

jfaskh sotk, fes kxpkrokhjkd gehy

dksonh otkretoahs iar guctoiegocy fausohn

detohn lejm ta tfk cetk 5?62s. Ahjk

scetkd ta lrohn avkr 5,222 uhots ta tfk

erke, ot os jurrkhtcy dksonhkd ta fausk

elaut 922 epertgkhts, jahdas, ehd tawh

fagks tfraunfaut tfk khtork sotk.

Tfk ge`ar icew O rkjanhozkd wotfoh

ecc ai tfk prkvoaus gestkr pcehs wes tfk

pkrpktuetoah ai tfk pravkrloec lrojm wecc

lktwkkh Gt. Edegs ehd tfk rovkr tfet

ecrkedy kxosts duk ta tfk ge`ar vkfojucer

ertkroks ai Jacugloe Rermwey ehd

Kestkrh Evkhuk. \etfkr tfeh usohn tfk

luocdohn pranreg ta hat ahcy jrketk e

pcejk iar pkrsahs ta dwkcc lut ecsa ta

jrketk e pkdkstroeh jahhkjtoah lktwkkh

twa wahdkriuc egkhotoks wotfoh tfk joty

ai Johjohheto, tfk prkvoaus dksonhs

jecckd iar e luocdohn pceh tfet osacetkd

tfk prapaskd uhots wotfoh tfk sotk ehd

iurtfkr skjcudkd Gt. Edegs irag tfk

rovkr. Tfos wes tfk tfohn tfet O ikct jaucd

hat lk onharkd.

Tfraunf kxtkhsovk sotk ohvkstonetoah

ot lkjegk epperkht tfet tfos jahhkjtoah

wes ta lk tfk iajec paoht ai tfk pranreg

ehd tfk dksonh. Tfk rkgeohohn pranreg

kckgkhts ohjcudk rkcetovkcy dkhsk

jcustkrs ai ahk, twa, ehd tfrkk lkdraag

jahdagohougs ehd epertgkhts, sgecc

jaggkrjoec ehd rkteoc spejks, suppartohn

permohn, ehd ohtkrwavkh pceze/nrkkh

spejk. Tfksk kckgkhts lkjegk tfk

iregkwarm oh wfojf ta jrketk tfos

pkdkstroeh jahhkjtoah es wkcc es tfk

gktepfysojec jahhkjtoah ar netfkrohn ai

tfk khvorahgkht ohta luocdohn.

Tfk khvorahgkht tfet lkneh ta sfaw

otskci tfraunf gy sotk ohvkstonetoahs wes

ahk ai skkgohncy appasohn kckgkhts. Ot

passksskd eh ejtovk, khkrnktoj skhsolocoty

lut ecsa e ikkcohn tfet dkgehdkd e pcejk

iar jecg rkickjtoah. Tfk sotk spamk es

latf eh ohtkrgkdoery pcejk es wkcc es e

dkstohetoah= e pcejk oh gatoah es wkcc es

e pcejk tfet jaucd stehd stocc. ^fet O ikct

tfk sotk wehtkd ta lk, es O dosjavkrkd

gark ehd gark elaut tfk khvorahgkht O

iauhd gyskci oh, wes e pcejk iar covohn, e

pcejk iar netfkrohn ahks dey tfraunf

Fkodknnkrs hatoah ai dwkccohn.

Tfk sotks kckvetoah jfehnk ai hkercy

522 vkrtojec ikkt irag Kestkrh Evkhuk ta

Jacugloe Rermwey jaucd hat lk

avkrcaamkd, latf prengetojeccy es wkcc

es gktepfysojeccy. Ta eddrkss tfos, tfk

rksodkhtoec luocdohns stkp lejm ah tfk

sautfkrh ieedk ta gogoj tfk scapk ai

tfk kertf lkcaw. Tfk hkjkssery

suppartohn permohn dkjms lkcaw tfk

59


20/44

luocdohns ecsa stkp wotf tfk kxostohn

jahtaurs ta eccaw iar gohogec jut ehd

iocc ah tfk sotk. Tfos oh turh eiiards e

nreduec stkppohn tfraunf tfk apkh pcezes

lktwkkh kejf luocdohn, wfktfkr ot lk e

luoct-oh ferdsjepk wotf nrkkh raais,

sfeccaw paacs, ehd trkk pcehtkrs, ar

gauhdkd kertf ehd nress elavk tfk

nerenk lkcaw. Tfus, iregkd ly kejf

rksodkhts provetk dwkccohn, pulcoj spejk

os jrketkd iar gavkgkht ehd ohtkrejtoah.

(Zkk Ion.


21/44

tfet os jervkd ohta tfk kxostohn nredk

lknohs. Tfk petf os sotuetkd oh tfk sodk

ai tfk focc sa es ta eccaw tfk nredk ta

gkkt tfk petf ehd lk eh kxtkhsoah ai ot et

jkrteoh cajetoahs. Irag tfk errovec paoht

et tfk lesk ai tfk lrodnk, e rk-jorjucetohn

wetkr iketurk jehtockvkrs avkr tfk petf,

draps ohta e sfeccaw paac tfet ahk jeh

kesocy taujf, ehd scodks dawh e cernk

rkteohohn wecc tfet daulcks es tfk lejm ai

e jahjrktk lkhjf. Tfos sketohn erke

eccaws iar tfask trevkrsohn tfk wohdohn

petf e pcejk ta rkst ehd temk oh tfk

iregkd vokw ai tfk rovkr ehd pceze wfock

tfk jesjedohn wetkr drawhs aut tfk

sauhd ai tfk treiioj elavk. (Zkk Ion. :5

Foccsodk irag Zteor Cehdohn)

^fkh ahk errovks pfysojeccy wotfoh

tfk luocdohns iregk, tfk ohdojetoah ai

tfk sotks scapk stocc kxosts lut oh e gujf

doiikrkht wey. Oh tfk kxostohn sotk, tfk

scapk lkneh ta icettkh aut sconftcy fkrk.

Oh tfk prapaskd strujturk, e stkppkd

permohn nerenk kxosts lkcaw nredk. ^otf

tfk hkjkssoty ai permohn ta dkec wotf, ehd

ykt stocc wehtohn ta gogoj tfk kxostohn

sotk jahdotoahs, Ovk jrketkd gucto-

ckvkckd, trkk-cohkd tkrrejks tfet hat ahcy

jahtohuk ta wohd pkrsahs tfraunf tfk sotk

lut ecsa jrketk hugkraus sketohn, pcey,

ehd gkktohn spejks. Tfk nrauhd ckvkc

uhots, iregkd ly tfk jehtockvkrkd

wecmweys ai tfk uhots elavk, khtkr

dorkjtcy aii ai tfksk stkppkd pcezes,

eneoh jrketohn e vkry tehnolck jahhkjtoah

lktwkkh skgo-pulcoj ehd pulcoj spejk.

Irag tfksk pcezes ehd pkdkstroeh

wecmweys tfk rovkr os ecweys iregkd ehd

ecweys oh sotk. (Zkk Ion. :< Rceze ehd

\ovkr irag ^ecmwey)

Tfk ckvkc lkcaw tfk rksodkhtoec uhots

fausks sgecc jaggkrjoec spejk. (Zkk

Ion. 5: Ckvkc ;54 Jaggkrjoec)

Tfos eccaws iar strkkt vosolocoty iar ehy

patkhtoec jaggkrjoec uskrs es wkcc es

pusfks tfk dwkccohn uhots up ehatfkr

ckvkc elavk tfk strkkt ta novk ecc uhots e

vokw ai tfk rovkr ehd Mkhtujmy foccsodk

lkyahd. Et tfos ckvkc ahk jeh kotfkr

wecm dawh e nkhtcy jurvohn steor ta tfk

rkteoc icaar lkcaw (Zkk Ion. Ion. 5<

Ckvkc ;22 \kteoc) ar jahtohuk ejrass e

pkdkstroeh lrodnk tfet jerroks pkrsahs

ejrass Kestkrh Evk. (Zkk Ion.


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fes guctopck jurvks oh pceh ehd e cernk

jehapy ta eddrkss tfk gavohn strkkt

treiioj es wkcc es jrketk guctopck sonft

cohks iar ehy patkhtoec tkhehts ai tfk

spejk. Tfk pceze lktwkkh tfk rkteoc ehd

tfk strkkt os kckvetkd elaut iovk ikkt wotf

e skroks ai rkteohohn weccs, trkks, stkps,

ehd regps iar ejjkss irag pkdkstroeh

treiioj ehd strkkt permohn ecahn Kestkrh

ta jrketk e jagiartelck luiikr irag tfk

spkkd ai tfk treiioj lkcaw. (Zkk Ion. 5>.

Lejfkcerd, Nestah. Raktojs ai Zpejk (kxtrejt). Oh\ktfohmohn Erjfotkjturk0 E \kedkroh Jucturec Tfkary, kdotkd ly Hkoc Ckejf. Cahdah, Hkw _arm0 \autckdnk, 5??>.

Lkrnsah, Fkhro.Gettkr ehd Gkgary,trehscetkd ly H. G. Reuc ehd ^. Z. Recgkr.

Jeglrodnk, Gessejfusktts0 GOT Rrkss, 5?66.

Nkaiirky Lraedlkht, Tfk Rfocasapfy ai Dkjahstrujtoah, ohDkjahstrujtoah= E Ztudkht

Nuodk, kdotkd ly @arnk Ncuslkrn. Cahdah0 Ejedkgy Kdotoahs, 5??5.

Jesky, Kdwerd. Nkttohn Lejm Ohta Rcejk0 Tawerd e \khkwkd [hdkrstehdohn ai tfk

Rcejk-^arcd.Lcaagohntah, OH0 Ohdoehe [hovkrsoty Rrkss, 5??:.

Jcohk, Ehh.E Fut ai Ahk's Awh. Jeglrodnk, Gessejfusktts0 GOT Rrkss, 5??6.

Davky, M. Ruttohn Nkagktry Oh Ots Rcejk0 Tawerd e Rfkhagkhacany ai tfk Dksonh

Rrajkss. OhDwkccohn Zkkohn ehd Dksonhohn0 Tawerd e Rfkhagkhacanojec

Kjacany,kdotkd ly D. Zkegah. Eclehy, Hkw _arm0 Z[H_ Rrkss, 5??:.

Koskhgeh, Rktkr. Doenreg Doeroks.Hkw _arm, Hkw _arm0 [hovkrsk Rulcosfohn, 5???.

Nedegkr, Fehs-Nkarn. Tfk Ahtacanojec Iauhdetoah ai tfk Ajjesoahec ehd tfk

Dkjaretovk. Oh\ktfohmohn Erjfotkjturk0 E \kedkr oh Jucturec Tfkary, kdotkdly Hkoc Ckejf. Cahdah, Hkw _arm0 \autckdnk, 5??>.

Necaiera, Cuje.Donotec Koskhgeh0 Eh Aiiojk ai tfk Kckjtrahoj Kre.Lastah,

Gessejfusktts0 Lormfeuskr, 5???.

Nest, Mceus-Rktkr.Cauos O. Mefh0 Tfk Odke ai Ardkr.Lastah, Gessejfusktts0

Lormfeuskr, 5??6.

Nutkhsjfwenkr, Nkrecd. Erjfotkjturk oh e Jfehnohn ^arcd0 Tfk Hkw \fktaroj aiIarg,@aurhec ai Erjfotkjturec Kdujetoah (5??9)0 5.


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Fkodknnkr, Gertoh. Tfk Enk ai tfk ârcd Rojturk. oh Tfk Uukstoah Jahjkrhohn

Tkjfhacany ehd Atfkr Ksseys, Hkw _arm0 Ferpkr, 5?>>.

Foccgeh, @egks, Ertfur Krojmsah, ehd ôccoeg F. ^fytk. Tfk Joty es Dwkccohn0

êcmohn, Zottohn, Zfepohn. Decces, Tkxes0 Tfk Decces Ohstotutk Rulcojetoahs, 5?6:.

Foccgeh, @egks.Ehoge Guhdo0 Tfk \kturh ai tfk Zauc ta tfk ârcd. Decces, TV0Zprohn Rulcojetoahs, 5?66.

Foccgeh, @egks.\k-vosoahohn Rsyjfacany. Hkw _arm0 Ferpkr & \aw, 5?>;.

Foccgeh, @egks. Tfk Zaucs Jadk0 Oh Zkerjf ai Jferejtkr ehd Jeccohn.Hkw _arm, H_0

Lehteg Laams, 5??9.

Foss, Tahy. Tfk Kxpkrokhjk ai Rcejk. Hkw _arm0 Ecirkd E. Mhapi, Ohj., 5??2.

Facc, Ztkvkh, @ufeho Reccesgee, ehd Eclkrta Rkrkz-Nagkz. Uukstoahs ai Rkrjkptoah0Rfkhagkhacany ai Erjfotkjturk. Oh Erjfotkjturk ehd [rlehosg, @ucy 5??4.

Tamya, @epeh0 E+[ Rulcosfkrs, 5??4.

Facc, Ztkvkh.Ehjfarohn.Rrohjktah, [email protected] Rrohjktah Erjfotkjturec Rrkss, 5??5.

Facc, Ztkvkh.Ohtkrtwohohn.Rrohjktah, [email protected] Rrohjktah Erjfotkjturec Rrkss, 5??9.

Facc, Ztkvkh.Moesge, ârmohn Rrajkss. Hkw _arm0 Erjfotkjturec Ckenuk ai Hkw _arm,

5??;.

Facc, Ztkvkh.Rereccex.Rrohjktah, [email protected] Rrohjktah Erjfotkjturec Rrkss, ;.

Ckiklvrk, Fkhro. Tfk Rradujtoah ai Zpejk (kxtrejts). Oh\ktfohmohn Erjfotkjturk0 E

\kedkr oh Jucturec Tfkary, kdotkd ly Hkoc Ckejf. Cahdah, Hkw _arm0

\autckdnk, 5??>.


26/44

Coh, Geye. Geye Coh0 E Ztrahn Jcker Yosoah. Rradujkd ly Irkode Ckk Gajm ehd Tkrry

Zehdkrs. Dorkjtkd ly Irkode Ckk Gajm. ?6 goh. Egkrojeh Iocg Iauhdetoah,5??4. Yodkajesskttk.

Gkrckeu-Rahty, Geurojk.Rfkhagkhacany ai Rkrjkptoah,trehscetkd ly Jacoh Zgotf,

Cahdah0 \autckdnk ehd M. Reuc= Hkw _arm0 Fugehotoks Rrkss, 5?9


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Zjfhkkmcatf, Cyhde F. ehd \alkrt N. Zfolcky. Ogpcejohn Erjfotkjturk ohta tfkRrejtojk ai Rcejkgemohn,@aurhec ai Erjfotkjturec Kdujetoah (6.

Zkegah, Devod, kdotar.Dwkccohn, Zkkohn, ehd Dksonhohn0 Tawerd e Rfkhagkhacanojec

Kjacany. Eclehy0 Ztetk [hovkrsoty ai Hkw _arm Rrkss, 5??:.

Zpoknkclkrn, Fkrlkrt. Tfk Rfkhagkhacanojec Gavkgkht. Dardrkjft, tfk Hktfkrcehds0

Gertohus Ho`faii, 5?6


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architectural phenomenology: towards a design methodology of person and place

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