archetypes - notes powerpoint.ppt - humble …€¦ · · 2012-09-18basic human experiences and...
TRANSCRIPT
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ARCHETYPESEnglish I
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OBJECTIVES FOR THIS LESSON:
� I can discuss the importance of archetypes within literature and culture.
� I can identify and analyze archetypes and use them to discern meaning in literature.
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What Is An Archetype?
� Archetypes are recurring patterns (plot structures, symbols, character types, themes) that occur in mythology, religion, and stories across cultures and time periods.
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What Is An Archetype?
� They embody universal meanings and basic human experiences and can evoke unconscious responses in a reader.
� They help us to understand common traits we share with others outside our own culture and to interpret situations and characters that might be quite different from ourselves otherwise.
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Character Archetypes
The Hero
� Man/woman with great strength and courage
� Known for having honorable purposes
� Willing to risk life for the good of all
� Variations of the hero figure include the “orphaned” hero
� Often leaves the familiar to enter a new, unfamiliar, challenging world, and then returns to his/her “ordinary” world
� Return to “ordinary” world often leads to destructive change
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Character Archetypes
Loner or Outcast: a character who is separated from society due to an impairment or an advantage that sets him apart from others.
Underdog: Characters who are usually in the wrong place at the wrong time, but who usually win something of value in the end.
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Character Archetypes
The Innocent: trusts in faith and optimism, has exceptionally high ideals and aspirations, and a belief in hard work and doing the right thing
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Character Archetypes
The Villain: the male or female personification of evil. The antagonist who truly personifies evil. The villain's malice is limitless and rarely is the villain reformed.
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Character Archetypes
The Terrible Mother/The Woman as Temptress: A woman to whom the protagonist is attracted and who ultimately brings about his downfall
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Character Archetypes
•The Stepmother: A surrogate mother who represents the evil side of motherhood.
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Character Archetypes
The Damsel in Distress: A vulnerable woman who must be rescued by the hero; often used as a way to trap the hero
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Character Archetypes
The Wise One/The Mentor/The Sage: the savior, the redeemer, the guru – represents knowledge, insight, and wisdom; serves as a teacher or counselor to the hero
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Character Archetypes
The Spiritual Earth Mother/The Good Mother: symbolic of abundance and fertility; offers spiritual/ emotional nourishment
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Character Archetypes
The Soul Mate: incarnation of inspiration and spiritual fulfillment
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Character Archetypes
Loyal Retainers
� Individuals somewhat like servants who are heroic themselves
�Duty is to protect the hero and reflect his/her nobility
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Character Archetypes
Ill-fated (“Star-
crossed") Lovers: A young man and woman enter an ill-fated love affair which ends tragically in the death of either or both of the lovers
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Character Archetypes
Nature Helpers:
Characters (animals or plants usually) that assist or guide the protagonist
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Character Archetypes
Jester/Fool/Trickster: trick others to get them to do what s/he wants – they can be both virtuous and nefarious. Provides comic relief.
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Character Archetypes
Scapegoat/ Sacrificial
Victim: An animal or more usually a human whose death in a public ceremony expiates some taint or sin that has been visited upon a community.
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Character Archetypes
The Giant/Monster/Ogre:
a character who is lonely (because they are shunned), with uncontrolled rage or strength or violence, and a lot of times they fall in love with and protect a beautiful woman. Sometimes monsters must be outwitted by heroes
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Character Archetypes
Serpent: a helper and representative of evil.
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
� The Sun: (masculine) both the giver and destroyer of life creative energy; consciousness; passage of time and life. Rising sun: birth; creation Setting sun: death
� The Moon: (feminine) marks the passage of time and controls the course of human events. Seedtime, harvest, tides, etc.
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Water: the mystery of creation; the life cycle (birth-death-resurrection); purification and redemption
The Sea: the mother of all life; death and rebirth; the unconscious
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Rivers: death and rebirth (baptism); the flowing of time into eternity; transitional phases of the life cycle; incarnations of deities.
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
The Whirlpool: symbolizes the destructive power of nature and fate
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
The Underworld: a place of death; represents an encounter with the dark side of the self
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
The Threshold: gateway to the new world; the hero must enter it to change and grow
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
The Magic Weapon: � Symbolizes
extraordinary quality of the hero
� No one else can wield the weapon or use it to its full potential
� Usually given to the hero by the mentor figure
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Garden: paradise; innocence; unspoiled beauty (especially feminine); fertility; new birth; hope
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Tree: inexhaustible life due to its growth, proliferation, and generative and regenerative processes; wisdom
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Caves and Tunnels: rebirth, passage, death of the old life
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Fountain: rebirth, renewal, life
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Islands: remoteness from society and the island’s isolation from all other societies; helps insulate people from other cultures so that their culture remains true to itself; blocks outside influences
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Desert: spiritual aridity, death, nihilism, hopelessness
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Fire: both protective and destructive; symbolizes human knowledge and industry
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Circle (sphere): Wholeness, unity, perfection, eternity
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Egg (oval): The mystery of life and the forces of generation
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Triangle (pyramid): The Christian Trinity; stages of life; hardship
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Archetypal Settings and Symbols
Yin-yang: the union of the opposite forces of the yin (female principle, darkness, passivity, the unconscious) and the yang (masculine principle, light, activity, the conscious mind)
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Color Archetypes
Red: blood, sacrifice, passion; disorder; violence
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Color Archetypes
� Green: in a positive context –growth; sensation; hope; fertility; in a negative context –death and decay
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Color Archetypes
� Blue: highly positive – associated with truth, religious feeling, security, spiritual purity
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Color Archetypes
Black: chaos, mystery, the unknown; death; evil; the unconscious
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Color Archetypes
White: positive aspects –light, purity, innocence; negative aspects – death, terror, the supernatural
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Color Archetypes
Brown: neutralizing, earth, hearth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, simplicity
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Color Archetypes
Orange: concentration, psychic energy, balance, enthusiasm, demanding attention, vibrant, warmth, encouragement
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Color Archetypes
Pink: true love, friendship, attraction, romance, spiritual awakening, togetherness
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Color Archetypes
Purple: magical forces, power over obstacles, royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, transformation, wisdom
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Color Archetypes
Yellow: joy, happiness, optimism, imagination, hope, sunshine
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Color Archetypes
Gold: greatness, value, wealth
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Number Archetypes
One (1): ultimate unity; identity; equality; existence; general harmony, peace, and tranquility
Two (2): contrasts; diversity; inequality; division; separation; disorder; confusion; change
Three (3): light; spiritual awareness and unity (cf. The Holy Trinity); the male principle; completeness; divinity; soul of the world
Four (4): associated with the circle, life cycle, four seasons; female principle; earth, nature; four elements (earth, air, fire, water)
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Number Archetypes
Five (5): divine grace
Six (6): evil connotations, devil; ambivalence; totals of labor; luck, chance
Seven (7): the most potent of all symbolic numbers – signifying the union of three and four, the completion of a cycle, perfect order.
Twelve (12): 12 months of the solar year
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Situational Archetypes
The Quest: the search for someone or something that will restore peace/normalcy to a troubled land/people
The Journey: the hero’s path; represents the journey of life
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Situational Archetypes
The Task: a superhuman deed that must be performed to save the kingdom, win the fair lady, or identify the hero so that he may assume his rightful position
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Situational Archetypes
Supernatural Intervention: The gods intervene on the side of the hero (or, sometimes, against him)
Innate Wisdom vs. Educated Stupidity: Some characters exhibit wisdom and understanding of situations instinctively as opposed to those supposedly in charge (often demonstrated by Loyal Retainers)
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Situational Archetypes
The Fall: a descent from a higher to a lower state of being, from innocence and bliss to loss–often accompanied by an expulsion from paradise
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Situational Archetypes
The Battle Between Good and Evil: Does this one really require a definition? – Shows man’s eternal optimism in the continual portrayal of good triumphing over evil despite great odds
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Situational Archetypes
The Ritual:
Ceremonies that mark the rite of passage into another state.
� Sacrificial
� Initiation
� Coming of Age
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Situational Archetypes
� Sleep/The Void: loss of personal awareness and sense of self. Healing and true peace or loss of self can be achieved in this state.
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Situational Archetypes
Death/Rebirth:
�Can be literal or physical
�Signifies an ending or a beginning