archetypes kclove
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Whos Afraid of the
Big Bad Wolf?
Middle School Level
Understanding of Archetypes, Motifs, and Allegories in
Literature
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What is an archetype?
An archetype (pronounced ark-tipe), is a model, orprimeexample ofa concept, ideal, and isusually represented by using
a characterin a story.
The characterorperson in the story is whothey are, but they
alsorepresentsomething else; a common, shared thought
amongst a culture orsociety.
This requires some thought, and examples. Well ask thequestion again to check for understanding.
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Purpose of this Presentation
There are numerous examplesofeach archetype in
real life.
However, in ordertofocuson archetypes inliterature, we will review fictional characters.
This will aid in being more objective in the
classifications and examples.
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The Hero
The Heroisso well-known that his journey
has been mapped out long ago. There are
variationsin his/herpath, butthe role the
heroplaysis basically the same:
A person, who atfirstusually doesnt want
to,must do something dangerous in order
to save someone or something other thanhimself.
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The Anti-Hero
The Anti-Herois very similartothe
hero, except, the anti-heroisusually
an unlikeable person who hastosave
someone orsomething, too, and theyare very resistant. In fact, may even
sabotage or jeopardize the quest.
For a fun list of anti-heroes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_anti-heroes
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The Scapegoat
This animal orperson is a sacrifice made by the
groupin ordertotry to erase some wrongdoing or
sin in the community. By using a scapegoat, the
community transfersthe blame from themselves
tothe animal orperson.
By the way, this doesnt work, ever.
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The OutcastThe Outcastis a character who has
been banished from the
group/community because ofa
crime, orperceived difference that
cant be resolved, such as a physical
deformity.
Frankenstein just because
hes made from dead peoples
body parts, is that any reason
not to love him?
Grendel in Beowulf (1100 AD) is
one of the first outcasts in fiction.
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The Devil Figure
The Devil figure is evil incarnate
which means bad tothe bone!
This characterofferssomething ofgreat value tothe protagonistofthe
story in exchange for his/her soul.
The soul can be something which isirreplaceable, and once given or
exchanged, cannot be easily restored.
Beetlejuice personifies greed,
evil, rudeness, and badbreath!
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The Star-Crossed Lovers
These two cant get a break. Twopeople fall in love, butthey cant be together
because offamily differences, cultural, orotherinterferences. Theirstory usually
endstragically, including a misunderstanding oftraumatic scale, maybe even
death. Romeo and Juliet are perhapsthe mostfamousofstar-crossed lovers.
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The Earth MotherThe Earth Mothersymbolizes
abundance, nurturing,
unconditional love (she will always
love you, no matter what), and
emotional support.
The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein is a prime
example ofthe Earth Motherpersonified.
Personification: the representation of a human
quality in an animal or object.
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Father Figure:
The King, The Boss, The PatronThe Father Figure isthe boss, the big
kahuna orthe chief, orthe wise man who
offers guidance, isfirm butoften kind, or
presents a challenge tothe youth to stepit
up. He isfirm butkind.
There is another fatherfigure archetype,
though: itis a man who expectssomething for
hissupport. His love and respectis conditional.
Sometimesthe fatherfigure issomeone the
young buck mustphysically or mentally
challenge and defeatin orderto be considered
a man; thats his rite ofpassage.
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Loveable Sidekick
The Loveable Sidekickis
always atthe herosside,
ready to lend a hand, or a
hoof, crack a joke, or easethe herossuffering.
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The Shrew
The Shrew is a nagging, spiteful woman. She usually
pretendsthatshe is above love orromance, butisreally
looking for a partner who can match herin intelligence,wit, and respect.
I hate you
more.I hate you.
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The Joker
This characterisoften
named Jackin fables, fairy
tales, legends, and lore.
The archetype ofthe joker,
or Jack, isreckless, a loner,
immature, impulsive,
brash, with a dash of
insensitivity. They can also
be charming, funny, and
captivating characters.
Jack Blackas well as
Jack and the Beanstalk, Captain Jack
Sparrow, Jack be nimble, Spring-heel
Jack, Jack Kvetch, Jack Skellington, (thePumpkin King), Jack OLantern, Jackin
the Box, Jackthe Ripper, Jack and Jill,
Jack Sprat, and ofcourse, The Joker.
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The Queen
The Queen isoften portrayed as a woman whoisin complete control of
herself, hersurroundings, and hersubjects. Sometimesthe phrase Ice
Queen isused to describe herstand-offish attitude. She will care for you, but
you must be loyal. You wont get a lotofhugsfrom her, butshe will save your
head from the chopping block(maybe) orfinance a voyage tothe new world.
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The Witch
The Witch in mythology, fables, and fairy
talesis a female character whoreally
ruins everyones day. Shesthe antagonist
on a rampage noone isreally sure why
shessoupset, or wantsto be so evil, but
she sure is cranky. She can also be found
somewhere on the scale ofevil
stepmother to evil queen too.
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The Temptress
The Temptressisusually a
very beautiful woman or
handsome man, butthey
have a cold heart, and are
manipulative, destructive
characters. The Temptress
brings down the Hero
using her wily feminine
ways ofseduction!
Elizabeth Taylor plays
Cleopatra
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The Platonic IdealThe Platonic Ideal isthe typical
girl next door. Shes nice,
intelligent, butshes not
someone others wantto be
involved with romantically. She
providesintellectual orspiritual
support and inspiration, butshe
cant compete with the
Temptressin termsofphysicalattraction.
oor Velma cant compete with Daphne, and
has to wear that orange sweater all the time!
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The Unfaithful WifeThe Unfaithful Wife sees
her husband as boring, or
nofun. The spark has left,
ifthere ever wasone. She
is attracted tosomeone
more handsome and
romantic. Itusually doesnt
end up well, though.
Guinevere is one of the most
famous unfaithful wives in
fiction, dumping King Arthur for
Lancelot.
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Maiden-Mother-CroneThese archetypesrepresentthe three main stagesoflife, from
youth, to middle age, toold age. The conceptoflife and death is
the mostpredominanttheme ofall, and isrepresented in many
archetypes.
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FatherTime
Father Time is actually based on the Ancient
Roman god, Chronos-Saturn. He symbolized
agriculture and the harvest, and wasoften
seen with a scythe. Now, he isrepresented
by the Grim Reaper (death) or Father Time.
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Themes
Themes are the big ideas in
literature, artwork, and movies.
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MotifsMotifs are repeated ideas, patterns, and themes, in literature,
artwork, or movies.
Example:
In The Outsiders, Ponyboy keepsfocused on his hair, what hair
symbolizes and represents. The way the Greasers and the Socs
look, their clothes, and their appearance, is mentioned again and
again, too, tosupportthe theme ofrich versuspoor.
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The Quest
Thisisthe herossearch or journey
forthe objectorperson who has
power or the cure forthe
community. The questoften
involvesthe hero and others who
are there to assist him, and they
meet many ofthe archetypes along
the way whooften try distractor
sabotage the quest.
Now, whetheror not going on thequest was a good idea in
hindsightisuptous, the readers, to
judge.
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The Task
There is a job to do, a goal to achieveisittosave the town from
impending disaster? Torescue the fair damsel in distress? There
is a superhuman assignmentthatthe hero must complete in
ordertoprove himselfas the one.
Arthur pulls Excalibur out when no
one else can, thus proving hes the
one to lead England.
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The Initiation
The initiation ritual is a rite of
passage, usually from childhood
to an adult. It can also be a new
awarenessorperception, or new
knowledge, thatthe hero has had
to pay a price, usually
demonstrated during the climax of
the story.
Luke loses his hand during a battle
with Darth Vader. It happens also at the
moment when Luke is told of who his
real father isDarth Vader!
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The Journey
The Journey represents
the pitfalls and perilsof
the path, whether
literally (real) or
figuratively (symbolic). Theheroisin in motion, either
on foot, horse, train, car,
boat, well, you name it,
butisultimately seeking
information,enlightenment, or
truth/justice.
Captain Jack Sparrow have many adventures on and
off the Black Pearl. The Black Pearl symbolizes
freedom, the and the enjoyment of the journey, not
necessarily the destination.
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The Fall
The Fall is when the hero
descendsinto a lowerstate,
either morally, spiritually, and/or
physically. There is a lossof
innocence and happiness. Theyare usually expelled from the
community via a misstepor error
ofjudgment. Getting back on
the rightpath becomestheir
nextobjective.Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze) sellshis soul to try to save his father,
and he himself falls out of grace,
and works to redeem himself by
fighting other evil-doers.
*The Ghost Rider is also a good
example of an anti-hero.
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Allegory
A metaphor, orfable, by which an idea or
message isportrayed using archetypes.
In George Orwells Animal Farm, farm
animalsrepresent differentpersonalitiesand charactersin the human world.
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Archetype: Your Example from
a novel or story:
Reason or
Justification:
Hero
Anti-Hero
Scapegoat
Outcast
Star-Crossed Lovers
Temptress
Your Choice:
Name the
archetype or
theme:
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Resources
Images: See hyperlinkson images.
Content:
Melendez, M. Prof., Myth in Literature, Sinclair Community College, Retrieved
December 2008;
http://people.sinclair.edu/mildredmelendez/docs/267/lecture05.pdf
Music that may be heard:
Ravels String Quartet in F, Second Movement
Tchaichovksys Peter and the Wolf
Power Point written, designed and prepared by K.C. Love, December 2008