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Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1, 2 & 3)
Acton Quarry Extension
Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and
Part of Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4
Town of Halton Hills
Region of Halton, Ontario
Submitted to
St. Lawrence Cement Inc., Dufferin Aggregates
2300 Steeles Avenue West, 4th
Floor, Concord, Ontario L4K 5X6
Tel.: (905) 761-7500, Fax: (905) 761-7505
and
Ontario Ministry of Culture
Prepared by
ARCHAEOLOGIX INC.
14 Oxford Street West, London, Ontario, N6H 1P9
Tel: (519)-642-7836 Fax: (519)-642-7733
Archaeological Licence Number P-001
Project Number 2003-094
CIF# P001-164 & P001-371-2007
November 2008
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Archaeologix Inc.
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Table of Contents
Personnel iii
Acknowledgments iii
Project Summary iv
1.0 PURPOSE 1
2.0 STUDY METHODS 1
2.1 Stage 1 Background Research 1
2.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment 3
2.3 Stage 3 Assessment of Site Significance and Information Potential 3
3.0 RESULTS 3
3.1 Stage 1 Background Research 3
3.1.1 Natural Environment 3
3.1.2 Previously Known Archaeological Resources 5
3.1.3 Potential for Historic Archaeological Sites 5
3.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment Results 6
3.2.1 Location 1 (AjHa-25) 6
3.2.2 Location 2 (AjHa-26) 12
3.2.3 Location 3 (AjHa-27) 12
3.2.4 Location 4 (AjHa-30) 12
3.3 Stage 3 Fieldwork 12
3.3.1 Location 1 (AjHa-25) 13
3.3.2 Location 2 (AjHa-26) 19
3.3.3 Location 3 (AjHa-27) 24
3.3.4 Location 4 (AjHa-30) 28
4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 38
References Cited 39
Appendix A: Stage 2 Artifact Catalogues 40
Appendix B: Stage 3 Artifact Catalogues 43
Appendix C: Qualifications of Principal Investigator 57
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Personnel
Project Coordinator Jim Wilson, M.A.
Report Production Tracie Carmichael, B.A., B.Ed.
Adria Grant, B.A.
Field Director Adam Hossack, B.A.
Field/Office Assistants Kurt Kostuk
Richard Orr
Sebastian Mejia
Jean-Paul Efford
Chris Gervais
Meaghan Garvie, B.A.
Jenna Myers, B.A.
Bear John
Charlie Felver, B.Sc.
Kyle McQueen
Peter Juknys
Jeni Barton, B.A.
Chris Lemon, B.Sc.
Cassandra Duckworth-Robb
Acknowledgments
The completion of this report was facilitated by the assistance of the following
individuals:
• Robert Von Bitter, Archaeological Data Coordinator, Archaeology Unit, Heritage
Branch, Ontario Ministry of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation, Toronto.
• Kevin Mitchell, Resource Development Manager, St. Lawrence Cement, Dufferin
Aggregates, Concorde, Ontario.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Project Summary
Dufferin Aggregates, a business unit of St. Lawrence Cement Inc. is applying to
expand its Acton Quarry, in the Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of Halton.
The proposed extension areas are located to the north and south of the existing operation.
This report details the required archaeological assessment (Stages 1-3) of the Acton
Quarry Extension, located on Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and Part of
Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4, Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of
Halton, Ontario. The proposed Licence Area is 88.3 hectares (218.2 acres). This
assessment was undertaken as part of a Class A License, Category 2 – Quarry Below
Water Application, in accordance with Sections 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of the Aggregate
Resources Act Provincial Standards.
The study area is comprised primarily of areas of overgrown pasture, ploughed
agricultural fields, hard wood bush, steep slopes and poorly drained areas. All areas that
could not be ploughed were assessed using the shovel test pit method at a five metre
interval, while the area of ploughed agricultural field was assessed using the pedestrian
transect method at a five-meter interval. The areas of steep slope and poor drainage were
judged to have low archaeological potential and were not assessed.
The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four previously
unregistered 19th
Century Euro-Canadian sites (Locations 1, 2, 3 & 4). Additional Stage 3
assessment was recommended for all four locations (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and
AjHa-30) to further evaluate their significance and information potential. The Stage 3
testing of AjHa-27 led to the determination that the site dates relatively late in the 19th
century and no additional assessment is recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at AjHa-
25, AjHa-26 and AjHa-30 resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid
19th
century cultural material. Consequently, these sites will require further Stage 4
assessment in advance of any ground disturbance in these areas.
The Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations
presented in this report and issue a standard letter of concurrence. As additional
archaeological assessment is still required, a letter of clearance is not requested for the
subject property at this time.
Archaeological Assessment (Stages 1, 2 & 3)
Acton Quarry Extension
Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and
Part of Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4
Town of Halton Hills
Region of Halton, Ontario
1.0 PURPOSE
Dufferin Aggregates, a business unit of St. Lawrence Cement Inc. is applying to
expand its Acton Quarry, in the Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of Halton.
The proposed extension areas are located to the north and south of the existing operation.
This report details the required archaeological assessment (Stages 1-3) of the Acton
Quarry Extension, located on Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and Part of
Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4, Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of
Halton, Ontario. The proposed Licence Area is 88.3 hectares (218.2 acres). This
assessment was undertaken as part of a Class A License, Category 2 – Quarry Below
Water Application, in accordance with Sections 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of the Aggregate
Resources Act Provincial Standards.
The Stage 2-3 fieldwork was conducted between October 22nd
and November 12th
2003, June 6th
and June 10th
2004 and September 24th
and September 28th
, 2007 under
archaeological consulting licence P001, issued to Jim Wilson by the Minister of Culture.
The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four previously unregistered
19th
Century Euro-Canadian sites (Locations 1, 2, 3 & 4). Additional Stage 3 assessment
was recommended for all four locations (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30) to
further evaluate their significance and information potential. The Stage 3 testing of
AjHa-27 led to the determination that the site dates relatively late in the 19th
century and
no additional assessment is recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at AjHa-25, AjHa-26
and AjHa-30 resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid 19th
century
cultural material. Consequently, these sites will require further Stage 4 assessment in
advance of any ground disturbance in these areas.
2.0 STUDY METHODS 2.1 Stage 1 Background Research
In compliance with the provincial regulations set out in the “Archaeological
Assessment Technical Guidelines” (MCzCR 1993), the Stage 1 Archaeological
Overview/Background Study included;
• a review of the land use history, including pertinent historic maps; and
• an examination of the National Site Registration Database to determine the
presence of known archaeological sites in and around the project area.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 1: Location of the Study Area
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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2.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment
The study area is comprised primarily of areas of overgrown pasture, ploughed
agricultural fields, hard wood bush, steep slopes and poorly drained areas. All areas that
could not be ploughed were assessed using the shovel test pit method at a five metre
interval, while the area of ploughed agricultural field was assessed using the pedestrian
transect method at a five-meter interval. The areas of steep slope and poor drainage were
judged to have low archaeological potential and were not assessed.
Figure 3 maps the areas assessed and techniques employed. Each test pit was
excavated to subsoil, and all soil was screened through 6mm hardware cloth to facilitate
the recovery of artifacts. Each test unit was approximately 30 centimeters in diameter,
and was back filled. In the event that an artifact was encountered during the pedestrian
assessment, survey intervals were intensified to one metre within a twenty metre radius of
the find. The ploughed agricultural fields at the time of the assessment were well
weathered and the visibility was judged to be 100%. The weather during the assessment
was sunny and cool, and there were no conditions detrimental to the recovery of
archaeological remains. Permission to enter the study area and to remove artifacts was
provided by Kevin Mitchell, Resource Development Manager, St. Lawrence Cement,
Dufferin Aggregates. All artifacts recovered during the assessment will be temporarily
housed at the corporate head office of Archaeologix Inc. until such time that
arrangements can be made for their permanent transfer to the Ministry of Culture
collections facility.
2.3 Stage 3 Assessment of Site Significance and Information Potential
The Stage 3 assessment included the mapping of the surface artifact distribution,
as well as the hand excavation of a series of one metre square test units strategically
placed to sample the nature and density of the cultural deposits. A permanent datum was
established and a five-meter grid was laid out from this point. The five-meter units were
referred to by the intersection coordinates of their southwest corner. Each five-metre
square was divided into 25 one-meter units, with sub-square number one located in the
southwest corner of the five-meter unit, number five in the southeast corner, number six
located immediately north of number one, and so on. Each one-meter square test unit was
excavated to subsoil, with all soil screened through 9mm hardware cloth to facilitate the
recovery of small artifacts. All excavated artifacts were retained for laboratory analysis
and description.
3.0 RESULTS
3.1 Background Research
3.1.1 The Physical Setting
The study area straddles the “Horseshoe Moraines” and “Flamborough Plain”
physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1984: 127-130).
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 2: A Portion of the 1877 Historical Atlas of Halton County
N
S.
E
W
Study Area
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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In the Horseshoe Moraines,
From the edge of the escarpment in the Town of Caledon the moraines trend
somewhat west of the Niagara Escarpment forming a belt of moderately hilly
relief….Associated with the moraines is a system of old spillways with broad
gravel terraces and swampy floors…..Good cross-sections of this landscape
may be seen along Highway 7 from Rockwood to Georgetown.
Chapman and Putnam, 1984:128
While the Flamborough Plain is
An isolated tract of shallow drift on the Niagara cuesta…It is an area of about
150 square miles, bounded on the northwest by the Galt Moraine, and on the
south by the silts and sands of glacial Lake Warren. A few drumlins are found
scattered over this limestone plain and swamps are plentiful. The limestone
has been swept bare in places…what little overburden there is on the bedrock,
apart from the drumlins, is either bouldery glacial till or sand and
gravel…Good soil is not plentiful in the little region: the soil is either wet or
stony and shallow.
Chapman & Putnam, 1984:129-130
The closest source of potable water is a branch of the Sixteen Mile Creek which
runs along the western and eastern edges of the study area, just outside the limits of
assessment (Figure 1). The branches of the Sixteen Mile Creek that are illustrated as
transecting the property are seasonal and were not visible during the Stage 2 assessment.
The soils are relatively shallow, with the underlying dolostone bedrock visible on the
surface in numerous locations in the areas subject to test pit assessment. The southeastern
margin of the study area consists of the actual Niagara Escarpment face. For additional
information on the regional physiography, refer to the Geology and Water Resources
Assessment Report, Acton Quarry Extension – Town of Halton Hills, Ontario (2008)
Conestoga Rovers and Associates. 3.1.2 Previously Known Archaeological Resources
Previous archaeological assessments and research surveys have demonstrated that
the Acton area was intensively utilized by pre-contact Aboriginal peoples. At present there
are only two registered Aboriginal archaeological sites within 2.0 km of the study area.
The Borden numbers for these sites are recorded as AjGx-12 and AjGx-13, however there
are no Government records for either of these sites that document their names, type of site
or cultural affiliation. Table 1 provides a general outline of the culture history for South-
Central Ontario drawn from Ellis and Ferris (1990). The potential for pre-contact
Aboriginal archaeological resources in the low lying and steeply sloped areas was judged to
be low, while the remainder of the property exhibited moderate archaeological potential.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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3.1.3 Potential for Historic Archaeological Sites
The Map of Esquesing Township in the 1877 H.R. Page and Co. Illustrated
Historical Atlas of Halton County illustrates four structures within the limits of the study
area. In 1877 the owners of Lot 19 and Lot 20, Concession 3 are listed as Mr. Neil Keith
and Mr. John Bessey, the owner of Lot 20, Concession 4 is listed as Mr. Alex McDonald,
the owner of Lot 21, Concession 3 is listed as Mr. William Firstbrooke, the owner of Lot
21, Concession 4 is not listed, the owner of Lot 22, Concession 3 is Robert Kinnard, and
the owner of Lot 22 Concession 4 is John Nickell. Given the proximity to the Grand
Trunk Railway and the historic villages of Acton and Limehouse the potential for historic
archaeological resources was judged to be moderate to high.
Table 1: Cultural Chronology for South-Central Ontario
PERIOD CHARACTERISTICS TIME COMMENTS
Early Paleo-
Indian
Fluted Projectiles 9000 - 8400 B.C. spruce parkland/caribou
hunters
Late Paleo-Indian Hi-Lo Projectiles 8400 - 8000B.C. smaller but more numerous
sites
Early Archaic Kirk and Bifurcate Base
Points
8000 - 6000 B.C. slow population growth
Middle Archaic Brewerton-like points 6000 - 2500 B.C. environment similar to present
Late Archaic Lamoka (narrow points) 2000 - 1800 B.C. increasing site size
Broadpoints 1800 - 1500 B.C. large chipped lithic tools
Small Points 1500 - 1100B.C. introduction of bow hunting
Terminal Archaic Hind Points 1100 - 950 B.C. emergence of true cemeteries
Early Woodland Meadowood Points 950 - 400 B.C. introduction of pottery
Middle Woodland Dentate/Pseudo-Scallop
Pottery
400 B.C. -
A.D.500
increased sedentism
Princess Point A.D. 550 - 900 introduction of corn
Late Woodland Early Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 900 - 1300 emergence of agricultural
villages
Middle Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 1300 - 1400 long longhouses (100m +)
Late Ontario Iroquoian A.D. 1400 - 1650 tribal warfare and displacement
Contact
Aboriginal
Various Algonkian Groups A.D. 1700 - 1875 early written records and
treaties
Historic Euro-Canadian A.D. 1796 –
present
European settlement
3.2 Stage 2 Field Assessment Results
The majority of the Stage 2 field assessment was conducted during ideal fall
weather conditions, while the ploughed fields were assessed during the late spring.
Overall there were no conditions detrimental to the recovery of archaeological remains.
The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four 19th
Century Euro-
Canadian sites (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30) which are described in detail
below (Figure 3). A catalogue listing of all curated artifacts is presented in Appendix A.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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3.2.1 Location 1 (AjHa-25)
Location 1 consists of an approximate 30 by 20 metre area of positive test pits that
produced early-to-mid 19th
century Euro-Canadian artifacts. The site is situated in close
proximity to one of the structures illustrated in the 1877 historic atlas (Figure 2). Curated
artifacts included three pieces of whiteware of an unidentified type, two pieces of edged
whiteware, one piece of sponged whiteware and one piece of transfer printed whiteware.
All of the artifacts recovered were consistent with a mid-19th
century domestic
occupation. Due to the potential significance of Location 1 it was recommended that the
site be subject to additional Stage 3 investigation to further evaluate the nature of the
cultural deposits.
Figure 3: Stage 2 Methods and Results
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 4: Stage 3 Results, AjHa-25 (Location 1)
270E
275E
280E
285E
305E
300E
295E
290E
485N490N500N 495N 480N
13112
48
2 26
45
74
40
69
28
Meters
50
0
N S
W
E
- Stage 3 Test Unit
- Positive St.2 Test Pits
6 - Total # of Artifacts
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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N
S
W E
Figure 5: Stage 3 Results, AjHa-26 (Location 2)
290E 300E 310E
510N
500N
480N
520N
490N
465N
475N
485N
495N
295E 305E
470N
505N
515N
3
102 6
13 13
15
Meters
200
- Stage 3 Test Unit
- Positive St.2 Test Pits
6 - Total # of Artifacts
96
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Meters
50
Figure 6: Stage 3 Results, AjHa-27 (Location 3)
- Stage 3 Test Unit
- Positive St.2 Test Pits
6 - Total # of Artifacts
295E 300E 305E
500N
510N
505N8
0
372
12
9
N
S
W E
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 7: Stage 3 Results, AjHa-30 (Location 4)
N
S.
E
W220N
215N
210N
205N
200N
195N
190N
185N
90E 95E 100E 105E 110E 115E 120E85E
180N
175N
6
- Stage 3 Unit Excavation
- Total Artifact Count
- Datum Stake
Gravel Drive
Rock
Log Piles
Raspberries
Flat Terrance
Raspberries
Mowed Grass
Raspberries
Grass
Slope Down to Cedar Swamp
360
13
393
13
51
152
177
10
18
11
66
21
9
22
129
38
38
69
3
5
5
Meters
50
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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3.2.2 Location 2 (AjHa-26)
Location 2 consists of an approximate 55 by 20 metre area of positive test pits that
produced early-to-mid 19th
century Euro-Canadian artifacts. As was the case with
Location 1, the site is situated in close proximity to one of the structures illustrated in the
1877 historic atlas (Figure 2). Curated artifacts included two pieces of flow transfer
printed whiteware, one piece of whiteware of an unidentified type, one piece of banded
whiteware and one window glass fragment. All of the artifacts recovered were consistent
with a mid 19th
century domestic occupation. Due to the potential significance of
Location 2 it was recommended that the site be subject to additional Stage 3 investigation
to further evaluate the nature of the cultural deposits.
3.2.3 Location 3 (AjHa-27)
Location 3 consists of an approximate 10 by 10 metre area of positive test pits that
produced early-to-mid 19th
century Euro-Canadian artifacts. As was the case with
Locations 1 and 2, Location 3 is situated in close proximity to one of the structures
illustrated in the 1877 historic atlas (Figure 2). Curated artifacts included six pieces of
transfer printed whiteware, five pieces of whiteware of an unidentified type, four bottle
glass fragments, two pieces of transfer flow printed whiteware, two glass dish fragments,
two faunal remain fragments, one piece of painted whiteware, one piece of edged
whiteware, one piece of red earthenware, one piece of yelloware, one piece of stoneware,
one window glass fragment and one piece of slate. All of the artifacts recovered were
consistent with a mid 19th
century domestic occupation. Due to the potential significance
of Location 3 it was recommended that the site be subject to additional Stage 3
investigation to further evaluate the nature of the cultural deposits.
3.2.4 Location 4 (AjHa-30)
Location 4 consists of an approximate 20 by 30 metre area of twelve positive test
pits that produced early-to-mid 19th
century Euro-Canadian artifacts (Figure 2). Curated
artifacts included twelve pieces of plain whiteware, four faunal remain fragments, three
pieces of edged whiteware, three pieces of stamped whiteware, three pieces of red
earthenware, two pieces of sponged whiteware, two pieces of banded whiteware, one piece
of painted whiteware, one piece of yellow earthenware, one piece of bottle glass and one
piece of miscellaneous metal. All of the artifacts recovered were consistent with a mid 19th
century domestic occupation. Due to the potential significance of Location 4 it was
recommended that the site be subject to additional Stage 3 investigation to further evaluate
the nature of the cultural deposits.
3.3 Stage 3 Investigation of Significance and Information Potential
The Stage 2 assessment resulted in the documentation of four early to mid 19th
Century Euro-Canadian sites and a recommendation was made that all four be subject to
additional Stage 3 assessment to further evaluate their significance and information
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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potential. The results of the required Stage 3 assessment of Location 1 (AjHa-25),
Location 2 (AjHa-26), Location 3 (AjHa-27) and Location 4 (AjHa-30) are described in
greater detail below. A complete catalogue of the artifacts recovered is presented in
Appendix A.
3.3.1 Location 1 (AjHa-25)
The Stage 2 investigations at Location 1 resulted in the determination that the site
consisted of a 30 by 20 metre scatter of artifacts, including three pieces of whiteware of
an unidentified type, two pieces of edged whiteware, one piece of sponged whiteware and
one piece of transfer printed. The H.R Page & Co.’s 1877 Illustrated Atlas of the County
of Halton depicts a structure in the same approximate area as Location 1. Due to the
potential significance of AjHa-25 it was recommended that it should be subject to Stage 3
excavation to better evaluate its significance and information potential.
The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-25 included the hand excavation of eleven one-
metre square test units (Figure 4). In total, 475 artifacts were recovered, including; 248
ceramic, 108 kitchen and food related, 63 structural, 34 tools and miscellaneous metal, 17
personal and five miscellaneous. Each artifact class is discussed separately below. Table
2 provides an artifact summary for Location 1, Figure 4 documents the results of Stage 3
excavations and Appendix B provides a full listing of the Stage 3 recoveries by
excavation unit.
Table 2: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for Location 1 (AjHa-25)
Artifact Frequency %
Ceramic Artifacts:
whiteware 151 31.8
utilitarian 44 9.3
ironstone 28 5.9
yelloware 16 3.4
porcelain 9 1.9
Total Ceramic Artifacts 248 52.2
Non-Ceramic Artifacts:
kitchen/food related 108 22.7
structural 63 13.3
tools & misc. metal 34 7.2
personal 17 3.6
miscellaneous 5 1.1
Total Non-Ceramic Artifacts 227 47.8
Total Stage 3 Artifacts 475 100
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Ceramic Artifacts
In total 261 fragments of ceramic cups, plates and pots were collected from the
excavations at Location 1. Included in this total are 151 pieces of whiteware, 44
utilitarian ceramic pieces, 28 pieces of ironstone, 16 pieces of yelloware and nine pieces
of porcelain. Table 3 provides a breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type,
while Table 4 provides a more detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by
decorative style for AjHa-25.
Table 3: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AjHa-25
Artifact Frequency %
whiteware 151 60.9
utilitarian 44 17.7
ironstone 28 11.3
yelloware 16 6.5
porcelain 9 3.6
Total 248 100
White Earthenware
Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colorless glaze that replaced
earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the early 1830’s. Early
whiteware tends to have a porous paste, with more vitrified, harder, ceramics becoming
increasingly common later in the 19th
century. Fragments of undecorated whiteware were
most common, with 93 pieces recovered.
Of the decorated whiteware collection (N=58), sponged whiteware was the most
common type recovered (Figure 8:3). Sponged ceramics were a form of inexpensive
tableware in which a sponge was used to apply an underglaze pigment. All-over
sponging became popular by the 1840’s and remained common until the 1870’s.
The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was transfer
printed whiteware, comprising 28% of the decorated assemblage. Transfer printing was
developed early in the 19th
century and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a
sheet of treated paper to the underglaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all
transfer printed wares were blue. After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown,
green and red became more common. From Location 1 blue transfer printed whiteware
dominates, with eight pieces, while there were five brown pieces and three black (Figure
8:1).
Blue edged whiteware comprises 16% of the decorated sample. Edged plates
became common as early as 1790. Of the edged whiteware 56% have unscalloped edges
which were common from 1840-1870, the four pieces of edged ware with scalloped edges
would pre-date 1845 making them good early examples of this type (Figure 8:2). Miller
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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(1987) outlines the production range for edged whiteware according to rim decoration as
follows; scalloped rim with impressed curved lines, 1780-1820, scalloped rim with
impressed straight lines, 1795-1840, scalloped rim with impressed bud, 1800-1850,
embossed raised patterns, 1820-1845, unscalloped and impressed rim, 1825-1891,
unscalloped and unmoulded rim, 1850-1897.
The remaining types of decorated whiteware recovered include: hand painted
whiteware (10%), stamped whiteware (5%) and banded whiteware (5%) (Figures 8:4&5).
Table 4: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AjHa-25
Artifact Frequency %
whiteware 93 37.5
red earthenware 36 14.5
whiteware, sponged 21 8.5
ironstone 19 7.7
whiteware, transfer printed 16 6.5
yelloware 13 5.2
whiteware, edged 9 3.6
whiteware, painted 6 2.4
porcelain 5 2.0
ironstone, moulded 5 2.0
stoneware 4 1.6
yellow earthenware 4 1.6
whiteware, stamped 3 1.2
yelloware, banded 3 1.2
whiteware, banded 3 1.2
semi-porcelain 3 1.2
ironstone, transfer printed 2 0.8
ironstone, transfer flow 2 0.8
porcelain , transfer printed 1 0.4
Total 248 100
Utilitarian Ceramic Wares
In addition to the tableware, 37 pieces of red earthenware, four pieces of yellow
earthenware and four pieces of stoneware were recovered from AjHa-25. Utilitarian
stoneware and earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout the 19th
century.
Ironstone
Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in
the 1840’s that became extremely popular by the 1870’s and 1880’s. It is usually much
thicker than other whiteware, and is seldom decorated with colored designs. Instead this
type of tableware was decorated with raised moulded designs, often of wheat or fruit
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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(Figure 8:6). In total, 28 pieces of ironstone were recovered from AjHa-25, which
constitutes 11% of the overall ceramic assemblage. Of the recovered ironstone five
pieces were moulded, two pieces were transfer printed and two pieces were transfer flow
printed.
Yelloware
Yelloware ceramics were first manufactured in the 1840’s, and continue to be
manufactured in limited quantities today. In total 16 pieces of yelloware were recovered
from Location 1, constituting 6% of the ceramic collection. Of the 16 pieces of yelloware
three are banded (Figure 8:8).
Porcelain
Porcelain is a type of earthenware fired at such a high temperature that the clay
has begun to vitrify; consequently the ceramic is translucent when held up to a light.
Because of its high cost, porcelain is extremely rare on 19th
century sites in Ontario.
However by the turn of the century it becomes relatively common, as production
techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. Nine pieces of
porcelain were recovered from AjHa-25, comprising 3% of the total ceramic assemblage.
Three of the pieces are semi-porcelain one piece is moulded and painted and one piece is
transfer printed (Figures 8:7&9).
Kitchen/Food Assemblage
A total of 108 kitchen and food related artifacts were recovered from AjHa-25.
This collection includes: 54 pieces of bottle glass, 51 faunal remain fragments, two whet
stone fragments and one utensil. Of the bottle glass, 18 fragments are clear, 16 are olive,
15 are aqua, three are green and two are brown. The faunal remains collection consists
primarily of large and medium sized domestic mammal remains, in total only two of the
bone fragments are burned. The utensil that was recovered is a tablespoon.
Structural
63 Artifacts were recovered from AjHa-25 that were classified as part of the
structural assemblage. This collection includes: 37 shards of window glass, 24 cut nails
and two wire drawn nails. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They were
invented as early as 1790, but did not become common in Ontario until 1830. Wire drawn
nails are identical to the type of nails in current use today, with a flat, round head and a
wire shaft. Wire drawn nails became popular in the 1890’s.
Tools & Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts
34 Metal artifacts were recovered from Location 1, including 25 pieces of
miscellaneous metal and nine pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Personal Artifacts
A total of seventeen artifacts excavated from AjHa-25 have been classified as
personal items. This collection includes: ten white clay pipe stem fragments, three white
clay pipe bowl fragments, one pair of scissors, one coin, one bone handle and one button.
White clay pipes were widely made in the 19th
century, declining in use by the last
two decades as briar pipes and cigarettes became the choice of smokers. Most pipes
found in southern Ontario were made in either Quebec or Scotland, with occasional
examples from English, Dutch, French and American makers. The maker’s name may be
impressed with the city of manufacture on the opposite side, although this did not become
common practice until the 1840s (Adams 1994:93). One of the white clay pipe stems is
marked with “GLASGOW”, indicating a date of manufacture between 1830-1861
(Kenyon, 1984) (Figure 8:12).
The coin recovered from Location 1 is an 1844 Canadian Half Penny and the
button was manufactured from white agate and has four holes (Figure 8:11). What were
called “agate” buttons are similar in colour and size (usually about 10mm) to modern shirt
buttons. The “agate” was in fact a type of pressed ceramic powder made using the so-
called “Prosser” process patented in 1840. Agate buttons became widely distributed in
Canada by the late 1840s and are common on sites form this time on (Adams 1994:96).
Miscellaneous Artifacts
The remainder of the collection recovered from Location 1 consists of three pieces
of recent material and two pieces of chimney or lamp glass. The two shards of lamp
chimney glass are of particular interest because glass lamps did not become common until
after 1850 when there was an increase in the availability of kerosene.
Summary
Test unit excavation at Location 1 (AjHa-25) resulted in the recovery of a
relatively large number of Euro-Canadian artifacts ranging in date from early to late 19th
Century. Due to the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics indicating
an earlier date of settlement, including several pieces with early decorative techniques,
(21 pieces of sponged whiteware, nine pieces of edged whiteware and six pieces of
painted whiteware) additional Stage 4 assessment is recommended for this location. This
Stage 4 assessment should involve the hand excavation of a series of additional one-meter
units, followed by the mechanical removal of topsoil by an excavator with a straight-
edged ditching bucket, followed by the standard documentation and hand excavation of
all sub-surface features located. Archival research should also be conducted on the 19th
century land registry data for this lot.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 8: Stage 3 Artifacts from AjHa-25 (Location 1)
1: TransferPrinted Whiteware
2: Edged Whiteware
3: SpongedWhiteware
5: BandedWhiteware
4: PaintedWhiteware
6: Moulded Ironstone
9: Moulded and Painted Porcelain
7: TransferPrinted Porcelain
8: BandedYelloware
10: Bone Handle 11: CanadianHalf Penny ~ 1844
12: White Clay Pipe Stem
Actual Size
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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3.3.2 Location 2 (AjHa-26)
The Stage 2 investigations at Location 2 resulted in the determination that the site
consisted of a 55 by 20 metre scatter of artifacts, including two pieces of flow transfer
printed whiteware, one piece of whiteware of an unidentified type, one piece of banded
whiteware and one window glass fragment. H.R Page & Co.’s 1877 Illustrated Atlas of
the County of Halton depicts a structure in the same approximate area as Location 2. Due
to the potential significance of AjHa-26 it was recommended that it should be subject to
Stage 3 excavation to better evaluate its significance and information potential.
The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-26 included the hand excavation of eight one-
metre square test units (Figure 5). In total, 239 artifacts were recovered, including: 137
ceramic, 69 structural, 24 kitchen and food related, six miscellaneous metal and 3
personal. Each artifact class is discussed separately below. Table 5 provides an artifact
summary for Location 2, Figure 5 documents the results of Stage 3 excavations and
Appendix B provides a full listing of the Stage 3 recoveries by excavation unit.
Table 5: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for Location 2 (AjHa-26)
Artifact Frequency %
Ceramic Artifacts:
whiteware 103 43.1
utilitarian 18 7.5
yelloware 5 2.1
ironstone 4 1.7
pearlware 4 1.7
porcelain 3 1.3
Total Ceramic Artifacts 137 57.3
Non-Ceramic Artifacts:
structural 69 28.9
kitchen/food related 24 10.0
misc. metal 6 2.5
personal 3 1.3
Total Non-Ceramic Artifacts 102 42.7
Total Stage 3 Artifacts 239 100
Ceramic Artifacts
In total 137 fragments of ceramic cups, plates and pots were collected from the
Stage 3 excavations at Location 2. Included in this total are 103 pieces of whiteware, 18
utilitarian ceramic pieces, five pieces of yelloware, four pieces of ironstone, four pieces of
pearlware and three pieces of porcelain. Table 6 provides a breakdown of the ceramic
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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assemblage by ware type, while Table 7 provides a more detailed breakdown of the
ceramic assemblage by decorative style for AjHa-26.
Table 6: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AjHa-26
Artifact Frequency %
whiteware 103 75.2
utilitarian 18 13.1
yelloware 5 3.6
ironstone 4 2.9
pearlware 4 2.9
porcelain 3 2.2
Total 137 100
White Earthenware
Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colorless glaze that replaced
earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the early 1830’s. Early
whiteware tends to have a porous paste, with more vitrified, harder, ceramics becoming
increasingly common later in the 19th
century. Fragments of undecorated whiteware were
most common, with 56 pieces recovered (54%).
Of the decorated whiteware collection (N=47), transfer printed was the most
common type recovered (26%). Transfer printing was developed early in the 19th
century
and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to the
underglaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were blue.
After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown, green and red become more common.
From Location 2 ten of the transfer printed pieces are blue and two are black (Figure 9:6).
The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was sponged
whiteware, comprising 23% of the decorated assemblage (Figure 9:1). Sponged ceramics
were a form of inexpensive tableware in which a sponge was used to apply an underglaze
pigment. All-over sponging became popular by the 1840’s and remained common until
the 1870’s. Ten of the pieces of sponged whiteware were blue and one was green.
Blue edged whiteware comprises 17% of the decorated sample. Edged plates
become common as early as 1790. Of the edged whiteware only one has an unscalloped
edge which was common from 1840-1870, the other six pieces of edged ware with
scalloped edges would pre-date 1845 making them good early examples of this type of
decoration (Figure 9:3).
The remaining types of decorated whiteware recovered include: hand painted
whiteware (17%), transfer flow printed whiteware (9%), stamped whiteware (4%) and
banded whiteware (4%) (Figure 9:2&7&8).
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Utilitarian Ceramics
In addition to the tableware, 16 pieces of red earthenware and two pieces of
stoneware were recovered from AjHa-26. Utilitarian stoneware and earthenware vessels
were manufactured throughout the 19th
century.
Yelloware
Yelloware ceramics were first manufactured in the 1840’s, and continue to be
manufactured in limited quantities today. In total 5 pieces of yelloware were recovered
from Location 2. Of the 11 pieces of yelloware one was banded.
Table 7: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AjHa-26
Artifact Frequency %
whiteware 56 40.9
red earthenware 16 11.7
whiteware, transfer printed 12 8.8
whiteware, sponged 11 8.0
whiteware, painted 8 5.8
whiteware, edged 8 5.8
pearlware 4 2.9
yelloware 4 2.9
whiteware, transfer flow 4 2.9
porcelain 3 2.2
ironstone, moulded 2 1.5
ironstone 2 1.5
stoneware 2 1.5
whiteware, banded 2 1.5
whiteware, stamped 2 1.5
yelloware, banded 1 0.7
Total 137 100
Ironstone
Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in
the 1840’s that became extremely popular by the 1870’s and 1880’s. It is usually much
thicker than other whiteware, and is seldom decorated with colored designs. Instead this
type of tableware was decorated with raised moulded designs, often of wheat or fruit. In
total, four pieces of ironstone was recovered from AjHa-26, which constitutes 2.9% of the
overall ceramic assemblage. Two of these fragments were moulded.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 9: Stage 3 Artifacts from AjHa-26 (Location 2)
Actual Size
2: Painted Whiteware1: Sponged Whiteware
8: Stamped Whiteware
3: Edged Whiteware
6: Transfer Printed Whiteware
4: Shell Button 5: Cut Nail
7: Transfer FlowPrinted Whiteware
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Pearlware
Pearlware has a distinctive light blue or light green-yellow tinted glaze. This type
of ceramic was introduced in the 1780’s and was often hand painted. There were four
pieces of plain pearlware recovered from Location 2.
Porcelain
Porcelain is a type of earthenware fired at such a high temperature that the clay
has begun to vitrify; consequently the ceramic is translucent when held up to a light.
Because of its high cost, porcelain is extremely rare on 19th
century sites in Ontario.
However by the turn of the century it becomes relatively common, as production
techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. Three pieces of
porcelain were recovered from AjHa-26.
Structural
69 Artifacts were recovered from AjHa-26 that were classified as part of the
structural assemblage. This collection includes 40 shards of window glass and 29 cut
nails. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They were invented as early as
1790, but did not become common in Ontario until 1830.
Kitchen/Food Assemblage
A total of 24 kitchen and food related artifacts were recovered from AjHa-26.
This collection includes sixteen pieces of bottle glass, six faunal remain fragments and
two glass dish pieces. Of the bottle glass, nine fragments are aqua, six fragments are clear
and one is blue. In total, six pieces of animal bone were recovered, including two
mammal teeth and four fragments of large to medium sized domestic mammal remains.
Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts
Six pieces of miscellaneous metal were recovered during the Stage 3 excavations
at Location 2.
Personal Artifacts
A total of three artifacts excavated from AjHa-26 have been classified as personal
items. This collection includes two buttons and one white clay pie stem. One button was
classified as personal manufactured from white shell and has four holes and the other of
white glass with four holes (Figure 9:4).
Summary
Test unit excavation at Location 2 (AjHa-26) resulted in the recovery of a
relatively large number of Euro-Canadian artifacts ranging in date from early to late 19th
Century. Due to the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics (N=103)
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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including several pieces with early decorative techniques, (11 pieces of sponged
whiteware, eight pieces of edged whiteware and eight pieces of painted whiteware) and
the four pieces of early pearlware, additional Stage 4 assessment is recommended for this
location. This Stage 4 assessment should involve the hand excavation of a series of
additional one-meter units, followed by the mechanical removal of topsoil by an
excavator with a straight-edged ditching bucket, followed by the standard documentation
and hand excavation of all sub-surface features located. Archival research should also be
conducted on the 19th
century land registry data for this lot.
3.3.3 Location 3 (AjHa-27)
The Stage 2 investigations at Location 3 resulted in the determination that the site
consisted of a 10 by 10 metre scatter of artifacts, with curated items including six pieces
of transfer printed whiteware, five pieces of whiteware of an unidentified type, four bottle
glass fragments, two pieces of transfer flow printed whiteware, two glass dish fragments,
two faunal remain fragments, one piece of painted whiteware, one piece of edged
whiteware, one piece of red earthenware, one piece of yelloware, one piece of stoneware,
one window glass fragment and one piece of slate. H.R Page & Co.’s 1877 Illustrated
Atlas of the County of Halton depicts a structure in the same approximate area as
Location 3. Due to the potential significance of AjHa-27 it was recommended that it
should be subject to Stage 3 excavation to better evaluate its significance and information
potential.
Table 8: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for Location 3 (AjHa-27)
Artifact Frequency %
Ceramic Artifacts:
porcelain 59 14.7
utilitarian 30 7.5
ironstone 27 6.7
whiteware 10 2.5
Total Ceramic Artifacts 126 31.4
Non-Ceramic Artifacts:
kitchen/food related 129 32.2
structural 72 18.0
tools & misc. metal 69 17.2
miscellaneous 3 0.7
miscellaneous glass 2 0.5
Total Non-Ceramic Artifacts 275 68.6
Total Stage 3 Artifacts 401 100
The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-27 included the hand excavation of five one-
metre square test units (Figure 6). In total, 401 artifacts were recovered, including: 126
ceramic, 129 kitchen and food related, 72 structural, 69 tools and miscellaneous metal,
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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three miscellaneous and two miscellaneous glass. Table 8 provides an artifact summary
for Location 2, Figure 6 documents the results of Stage 3 excavations and Appendix B
provides a full listing of the Stage 3 recoveries by excavation unit.
Ceramic Artifacts
In total 126 fragments of ceramic cups, plates or pots were collected from the
excavations at Location 3. Included in this total are 59 pieces of porcelain, 30 utilitarian
ceramic pieces, 27 pieces of ironstone and 10 pieces of whiteware. Table 9 provides a
breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type, while Table 10 provides a more
detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by decorative style for AjHa-27.
Table 9: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AjHa-27
Artifact Frequency %
porcelain 59 46.8
utilitarian 30 23.8
ironstone 27 21.4
whiteware 10 7.9
Total 126 100
Porcelain
Porcelain is a type of earthenware fired at such a high temperature that the clay
has begun to vitrify; consequently the ceramic is translucent when held up to a light.
Because of its high cost, porcelain is extremely rare on 19th
century sites in Ontario.
However by the turn of the century it becomes relatively common, as production
techniques were developed in Europe which greatly reduced costs. 59 pieces of porcelain
were recovered from AjHa-27, comprising 47% of the total ceramic assemblage. 23 of the
pieces of porcelain are classified as semi-porcelain, four pieces are transfer printed, two
are painted and the remaining 30 pieces are not decorated (Figure 10:3&5).
Utilitarian Ceramics
In addition to the tableware, 27 pieces of red earthenware and three pieces of
stoneware were recovered from AjHa-27, in total comprising 24% of the ceramics
assemblage. Utilitarian stoneware and earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout
the 19th
century.
Ironstone
Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in
the 1840’s that became extremely popular by the 1870’s and 1880’s. It is usually much
thicker than other whiteware, and is seldom decorated with colored designs. Instead this
type of tableware was decorated with raised moulded designs, often of wheat or fruit. In
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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total, 27 pieces of ironstone was recovered from AjHa-26, which constitutes 21% of the
overall ceramic assemblage. Six of the recovered ironstone pieces were moulded (Figure
10:6).
Table 10: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AjHa-27
Artifact Frequency %
porcelain 30 23.8
red earthenware 27 21.4
semi-porcelain 23 18.3
ironstone 21 16.7
whiteware, transfer printed 9 7.1
ironstone, moulded 6 4.8
porcelain, transfer printed 4 3.2
stoneware 3 2.4
porcelain, painted 2 1.6
whiteware, banded 1 0.8
Total 126 100
White Earthenware
Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colorless glaze that replaced
earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the early 1830’s. Early
whiteware tends to have a porous paste, with more vitrified, harder, ceramics becoming
increasingly common later in the 19th
century.
There were no examples of undecorated whiteware found at Location 3. Of the
decorated whiteware collection (N=10), transfer printed whiteware was the most common
type recovered (90%). Transfer printing was developed early in the 19th
century and
involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to the underglaze
surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were blue. After 1830,
colors such as light blue, black, brown, green and red become more common. From
Location 3 all nine of the transfer printed pieces are blue (Figure 10:4).
There was also one piece of banded whiteware recovered from AjHa-27. Dipted or
“banded” ceramics were made by applying slips of horizontal colour on the ceramics in
the form of bands. The piece of banded whiteware recovered from Location 3 has a green
band (Figure 10:2).
Kitchen/Food Assemblage
A total of 129 kitchen and food related artifacts were recovered from AjHa-27.
This collection includes 117 pieces of bottle glass, eleven pieces of dish glass and one
complete glass bottle. Of the bottle glass, 76 fragments are clear, 20 are brown, 15 are
aqua, three are green and three are violet. The complete glass bottle is of a quite recent
manufacture, it is brown and reads “CERTO REGISTERED TRADEMARK”.
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 10: Stage 3 Artifacts from AjHa-27 (Location 3)
4: Transfer Printed Whiteware
2: Banded Whiteware
1: BandedYelloware
3: TransferPrinted Porcelain
5: Painted Porcelain 6: MouldedIronstone
Structural
72 Artifacts were recovered from AjHa-27 that were classified as part of the
structural assemblage. This collection includes 66 shards of window glass, three wire
drawn nails, two cut nails and one screw. Wire drawn nails are identical to the type of
nails in current use today, with a flat, round head and a wire shaft. Wire drawn nails
became popular in the 1890’s.
Miscellaneous Metal Artifacts
55 Pieces of miscellaneous metal and 14 pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware
were recovered during the Stage 3 excavations at Location 3.
Miscellaneous Artifacts
Two pieces of leather belt or horse harness and a piece of recent material were
also recovered from Location 3.
Miscellaneous Glass Artifacts
The miscellaneous glass collection includes one piece of chimney lamp glass and
one white glass fragment.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Summary
Test unit excavation at Location 3 (AjHa-27) resulted in the recovery of a
relatively large number of Euro-Canadian artifacts, predominantly dating to the late 19th
Century. The ceramic assemblage clearly points to a late 19th
century time period, with
porcelain comprising 47% and ironstone 21% of the ceramic collection. The presence of a
high percentage of porcelain and ironstone and the absence of early whiteware types are
indicative of a late 19th
century site. Due to the fact that the Euro-Canadian artifacts
recovered from Location 3 date to the late 19th
century, it has been determined that this
location has a relatively low degree of significance and information potential. As a result,
no additional assessment is recommended for AjHa-27.
3.3.4 Location 4 (AjHa-30)
The Stage 2 investigations at Location 4 resulted in the determination that the site
consisted of a 20 by 30 metre area, twelve pieces of plain whiteware, four faunal remain
fragments, three pieces of edged whiteware, three pieces of stamped whiteware, three
pieces of red earthenware, two pieces of sponged whiteware, two pieces of banded
whiteware, one piece of painted whiteware, one piece of yellow earthenware, one piece of
bottle glass and one piece of miscellaneous metal. Due to the potential significance of
AjHa-30 it was recommended that it should be subject to Stage 3 excavation to better
evaluate its significance and information potential.
Table 11: Stage 3 Artifact Summary for Location 4 (AjHa-30)
Artifact Frequency %
Ceramic Artifacts:
whiteware 774 48.3
utilitarian 263 16.4
yelloware 98 6.1
ironstone 75 4.7
unknown ceramic type 19 1.2
pearlware 2 0.1
redware 1 0.1
Total Ceramic Artifacts 1232 76.9
Non-Ceramic Artifacts:
kitchen/food related 160 10.0
structural 146 9.1
tools & misc. metal 41 2.6
personal 16 1.0
miscellaneous 8 0.5
Total Non-Ceramic Artifacts 371 23.1
Total Stage 3 Artifacts 1603 100
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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The Stage 3 assessment of AjHa-30 included the hand excavation of 21 one-metre
square test units (Figure 7). In total, 1603 artifacts were recovered, including: 1232
ceramic, 160 kitchen and food related, 146 structural, 41 tools and miscellaneous metal,
sixteen personal and eight miscellaneous. Each artifact class is discussed separately
below. Table 11 provides an artifact summary for Location 4, Figure 7 documents the
results of Stage 3 excavations and Appendix B provides a full listing of the Stage 3
recoveries by excavation unit.
Ceramic Artifacts
In total 1232 fragments of ceramic cups, plates and pots were collected from the
Stage 3 excavations at Location 2. Included in this total are 774 pieces of whiteware, 263
utilitarian ceramic pieces, 98 pieces of yelloware, 75 pieces of ironstone, nineteen
ceramic pieces of an unknown type, two pieces of pearlware and one piece of redware.
Table 12 provides a breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by ware type, while Table 13
provides a more detailed breakdown of the ceramic assemblage by decorative style for
AjHa-30.
White Earthenware
Whiteware is a variety of earthenware with a near colorless glaze that replaced
earlier near white ceramics such as pearlware and creamware by the early 1830’s. Early
whiteware tends to have a porous paste, with more vitrified, harder, ceramics becoming
increasingly common later in the 19th
century. Whiteware was the most common type of
ceramic recovered form Location 4 with 774 pieces, constituting 62.8% of the entire
ceramic assemblage. Fragments of undecorated whiteware were most common, with 496
pieces.
Of the decorated whiteware collection (N=278), transfer printed was the most
common type recovered with 72 pieces. Transfer printing was developed early in the 19th
century and involved the transfer of an intricate pattern from a sheet of treated paper to
the under glaze surface of the clay. Before 1830, almost all transfer printed wares were
blue. After 1830, colors such as light blue, black, brown, green and red become more
common. From Location 4, 49 of the transfer printed pieces are blue, eighteen are brown,
four are black and one is purple (Figure 11:5).
The second most prevalent type of decorated whiteware recovered was edged with
69 pieces. Edged whiteware plates became common as early as 1790 and overlapped with
the manufacture of edged pearlware ceramics. 32 of the edged pieces are blue with
straight rims and impressed curved lines, thirteen of the pieces are blue fragments, eleven
of the pieces are blue with straight rims and no moulding, eight of the pieces are blue with
scalloped rims and impressed bud design, two of the pieces are blue with straight rims
and impressed straight lines, two of the pieces are blue with scalloped rims and impressed
curved lines and one of the pieces is blue with a scalloped rim (Figure 11:6). Miller
(1987) outlines the production range for edged whiteware according to rim decoration as
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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follows; scalloped rim with impressed curved lines, 1780-1820, scalloped rim with
impressed straight lines, 1795-1840, scalloped rim with impressed bud, 1800-1850,
embossed raised patterns, 1820-1845, unscalloped and impressed rim, 1825-1891,
unscalloped and unmoulded rim, 1850-1897.
There were 56 pieces of painted whiteware recovered from AjHa-30. The hand
painted whiteware from this location is exclusively polychrome, floral pattern tea ware.
Painted wares of this type were popular from as early as 1830 through to the 1870’s. The
prominent colours from this collection are blue, pink, black, red and green (Figure 11:1).
55 Pieces of sponged whiteware were also recovered during the Stage 3
excavations at Location 4. Sponged ceramics were a form of inexpensive tableware in
which a sponge was used to apply an under glaze pigment. All-over sponging became
popular by the 1840’s and remained common until the 1870’s. 41 of the sponged pieces
are blue, eight are blue and green, three are red and green and three are red and blue
(Figure 11:2).
There were 25 pieces of stamped whiteware also recovered from Location 4.
Stamping involved the transfer of paint to the bisque surface of the ceramic ware through
the use of a stamp most frequently made of sponge. This decorative technique usually
dates to the second half of the 19th
century. The stamped pieces were decorated using
combinations of pink, green and purple (Figure 11:3).
The remaining piece of decorated whiteware is banded and was decorated with
pale blue bands (Figure 11:4).
Table 12: Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage by Ware Type for AjHa-30
Artifact Frequency %
whiteware 774 62.8
utilitarian 263 21.3
yelloware 98 8.0
ironstone 75 6.1
unknown ceramic type 19 1.5
pearlware 2 0.2
redware 1 0.1
Total 1232 100
Utilitarian Ceramics
In addition to the tableware, 234 pieces of red earthenware, 23 pieces of stoneware
and six pieces of rockingham ware were recovered from AjHa-30. Utilitarian stoneware
and earthenware vessels were manufactured throughout the 19th
century.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Yelloware
Yelloware ceramics were first manufactured in the 1840’s, and continue to be
manufactured in limited quantities today. In total 98 pieces of yelloware were recovered
from Location 4. 39 of these pieces are banded yelloware and were decorated with
various designs including blue, brown and white annular bands, and mocha designs using
blue, brown, white and green (Figure 12:11).
Table 13: Detailed Breakdown of Ceramic Assemblage for AjHa-30
Artifact Frequency %
whiteware 496 40.3
earthenware, red 234 19.0
whiteware, transfer printed 72 5.8
whiteware, edged 69 5.6
yelloware 59 4.8
whiteware, painted 56 4.5
ironstone 56 4.5
whiteware, sponged 55 4.5
yelloware, banded 39 3.2
whiteware, stamped 25 2.0
stoneware 23 1.9
unknown ceramic type 19 1.5
ironstone, moulded 19 1.5
rockingham ware 6 0.5
whiteware, banded 1 0.1
redware 1 0.1
pearlware, moulded 1 0.1
pearlware, edged 1 0.1
Total 1232 100
Ironstone
Ironstone or graniteware is a variety of refined white earthenware introduced in
the 1840’s that became extremely popular by the 1870’s and 1880’s. It is usually much
thicker than other whiteware, and is seldom decorated with colored designs. Instead this
type of tableware was decorated with raised moulded designs, often of wheat or fruit. In
total, 75 pieces of ironstone was recovered from AjHa-30, which constitutes 6.1% of the
overall ceramic assemblage. Nineteen of these fragments were moulded.
Unknown Ceramics
Unfortunately nineteen of the ceramic pieces recovered from Location 4 could not
be catalogued into specific ceramic-ware classifications. These pieces are so heavily
damaged and fragmentary that it is impossible to accurately identify them by ceramic
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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type. In order to avoid altering the separate ceramic totals, percentages and ultimately the
temporal data for the site the damaged pieces were simply classified as miscellaneous
unidentified ceramics.
Pearlware
Pearlware has a distinctive light blue or light green-yellow tinted glaze. This type
of ceramic was introduced in the 1780’s and was often hand painted. One piece of
moulded pearlware and one piece of edged pearlware were recovered during the Stage 3
excavations. The edged pearlware piece is blue with a straight rim and impressed curved
lines (Figure 12:9&10).
Redware
Redware is a thin bodied earthenware covered on both the interior and exterior by
a dark reddish-brown, dark brown or black glaze. This type of redware was commonly
used in the early 19th
century for tea pots and mugs. One piece of redware was recovered
from Location 4.
Kitchen/Food Assemblage
A total of 160 kitchen and food related artifacts were recovered from AjHa-30.
This collection includes 105 faunal remain fragments, 52 pieces of bottle glass and three
utensils. Of the faunal remains 37 have been burnt and three have been butchered. Olive,
clear and aqua are the most common colours represented in the collection of bottle glass.
One of the utensils is a bone handle that was most likely part of a fork, one is a teaspoon
that is missing the handle and one is a fork that is missing the handle (Figure 12:4).
Structural
146 Artifacts that were recovered from AjHa-30 were classified as part of the
structural assemblage. This collection includes 61 cut nails, 60 shards of window glass,
thirteen wrought nails, five pieces of mortar, four pieces of slate and three pieces of red
brick (Figure 11:7). Wrought nails were hand made and are identifiable by their irregular
heads, hammered body texture, and all four sides coming to a taper. Wrought nails were
the most commonly used nail in Upper Canada until about 1830 when machine cut nails
started to become more popular. Cut nails were machine cut and have a flat head. They
were invented as early as 1790, but did not become common in Ontario until 1830.
Tools & Miscellaneous Metal
The tools and miscellaneous metal collection includes 29 pieces of miscellaneous
metal, six pieces of miscellaneous metal hardware, five pieces of metal wire and one large
chain link.
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 11: Stage 3 Artifacts from AjHa-30 (Location 4)
Actual Size
4: Banded Whiteware
3: Stamped Whiteware2: Sponged Whiteware
5: Transfer Printed Whiteware
6: Edged Whiteware
1: Painted Whiteware
7: Wrought Nail
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 12: Stage 3 Artifacts from AjHa-30 (Location 4)
10: Edged Pearlware
1: Bead 2: Agate Button 3: Shell Button 4: Utensil Handle
5: White Clay Pipe Stem 6: White Clay Pipe Bowl 7: Red Clay Pipe Stem
8: Porcelain Doll 9: Moulded Pearlware
11: Banded Yelloware
Actual Size
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Personal Artifacts
A total of sixteen artifacts excavated from AjHa-30 have been classified as
personal items. This collection includes eight white clay pipe bowl fragments, two white
clay pipe stem pieces, two buttons, one red clay pipe stem, one jews harp, one porcelain
doll head and one glass bead (Figure 12:1,7&8).
White clay pipes were widely made in the 19th
century, declining in use by the last
two decades as briar pipes and cigarettes became the choice of smokers. Most pipes
found in southern Ontario were made in either Quebec or Scotland, with occasional
examples from English, Dutch, French and American makers. The maker’s name may be
impressed with the city of manufacture on the opposite side, although this did not become
common practice until the 1840s. Two of the pipe stem pieces recovered from Location 4
have markings on them, one with “BANNERMAN / MONTREAL” and one with
“MURRAY” (Figure 12:5). Three of the pipe bowls are decorated with the popular fluted
design and one with a human effigy (Figure 12:6). Human effigy white clay tobacco
pipes are frequently referred to as “Turks heads” and were common in Upper Canada
during the first part of the 19th
century (Kenyon 1983).
One of the buttons was made form shell and has four holes and the other from
white agate also with four holes (Figure 12:2&3).
Miscellaneous Artifacts
The remainder of the Stage 3 collection from Location 4 includes three pieces of
recent material, three pieces of chimney/lamp glass and two pieces of miscellaneous
glass.
Summary
Test unit excavation at Location 4 (AjHa-30) resulted in the recovery of a large
number of Euro-Canadian artifacts ranging in date from early to late 19th
Century. Due to
the predominance of whiteware over other types of ceramics along with the presence of
early pearlware ceramics and wrought nails additional Stage 4 assessment is
recommended for this location. This Stage 4 assessment should involve the hand
excavation of a series of additional one-meter units, followed by the mechanical removal
of topsoil by an excavator with a straight-edged ditching bucket, followed by the standard
documentation and hand excavation of all sub-surface features located. Archival research
should also be conducted on the 19th
century land registry data for this lot.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 13: Poorly Drained Area outside Proposed Limits of Extraction,
Not Assessed
Figure 14: Stage 2 Pedestrian Assessment Conditions
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 15: Stage 2 Test Pit Assessment Conditions
Figure 16: Area of Previous Disturbance (driveway and house), Not Assessed
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Figure 17: Poorly Drained Area within Proposed Limits of Extraction,
Not Assessed
Figure 16: Stage 3 Excavations
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Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
Dufferin Aggregates, a Division of St. Lawrence Cement Inc. is applying to
expand its Acton Quarry, in the Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of Halton.
The proposed extension areas are located to the north and south of the existing operation.
This report details the required archaeological assessment (Stages 1-3) of the Acton
Quarry Extension, located on Part of Lots 19, 20, 21 and 22, Concession 3 and Part of
Lots 20, 21 and 22, Concession 4, Town of Halton Hills, Regional Municipality of
Halton, Ontario. The proposed Licence Area is 88.3 hectares (218.2 acres). This
assessment was undertaken as part of a Class A License, Category 2 – Quarry Below
Water Application, in accordance with Sections 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of the Aggregate
Resources Act Provincial Standards.
The Stage 2 field assessment resulted in the identification of four previously
unregistered 19th
Century Euro-Canadian sites (Locations 1, 2, 3 & 4). Additional Stage 3
assessment was recommended for all four locations (AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and
AjHa-30) to further evaluate their significance and information potential. The Stage 3
testing of AjHa-27 led to the determination that the site dates relatively late in the 19th
century and no additional assessment is recommended. The Stage 3 excavations at AjHa-
25, AjHa-26 and AjHa-30 resulted in the recovery of a significant amount of early-to-mid
19th
century cultural material. Consequently, these sites will require further Stage 4
assessment in advance of any ground disturbance in these areas.
The Ministry of Culture is asked to review the results and recommendations
presented in this report and issue a standard letter of concurrence. As additional
archaeological assessment is still required, a letter of clearance is not requested for the
subject property at this time.
Should deeply buried archaeological material be found on the property during
aggregate extraction, the Ministry of Culture should be notified immediately (519-675-
7742). In the event that human remains are encountered anywhere on the property, the
proponent should immediately contact both the Ministry of Culture and the Registrar or
Deputy Registrar of the Cemeteries Regulation Unit of the Ministry of Consumer and
Commercial Relations, (416) 326-8392.
Respectfully Submitted By
Jim Wilson, M.A.
President, Archaeologix Inc.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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References Cited
Adams, Nick, Ian Kenyon, Dena Dorszenko
1994 Field Manual for Avocational Archaeologists in Ontario. Ontario
Archaeological Society Inc., Archaeological Stewardship Project.
Chapman, Lyman John and Donald F. Putnam
1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario (Third Edition). Ontario Geological
Survey Special Volume 2. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto.
Ellis, Chris J. and Neal Ferris (editors)
1990 The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D. 1650. Occasional Publication
of the London Chapter, Ontario Archaeological Society, Number 5.
Government of Canada
1995 Topographic Map Sheet 40 P/9 & 30 M/12 (Edition 8). Surveys and Mapping
Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, Ottawa.
Government of Ontario
1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines. Archaeology & Heritage
Planning Unit, Cultural Programs Branch, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and
Recreation.
.n.d. Archaeological Data Base Files. Heritage Branch, MCzCR, Toronto.
H.R. Page & Co.
1877 Illustrated Historical Atlas of Halton County, Ontario.
Hume, Ivor Noel
1969 A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America. New York:Knopf.
Kenyon, Ian
1985 A History of Ceramic Tableware in Ontario, 1780-1840. In: Arch Notes
May/June 1985.
Kenyon, Thomas
1983 19th
Century Notes: Human Effigy Clay Tobacco Pipes. In: KEWA (83-9).
Kenyon, Thomas
1984 19th
Century Notes: Clay Tobacco Pipes with Marked Stems. In: KEWA (84-8).
Miller, George
1987 An Introduction to English Ceramics for Archaeologists.
Midwestern Archaeological Research Centre. Illinois State University.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Appendix A:
Complete Stage 2 Artifact Catalogue for
AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Stage 2 Catalogue for Location 1 (AjHa-25)
Surface Collection
Artifact Freq Comments
whiteware 3
whiteware, edged 2 straight, blue
whiteware, sponged 1 blue
whiteware, transfer print 1 blue
Stage 2 Catalogue for Location 2 (AjHa-26)
Surface Collection
Artifact Freq Comments
whiteware, flow transfer 2 blue
whiteware 1
whiteware, banded 1 pink, near rim
glass, window 1
Stage 2 Catalogue for Location 3 (AjHa-27)
Surface Collection
Artifact Freq Comments
glass, bottle 4 2 rose, 1 aqua, 1 olive brown
glass, dish 2
1 clear & moulded, 1 moulded with rose & yellow
colouring
glass, window 1
whiteware, transfer print 6 4 navy, 1 brown, 1 polychrome - pink & yellow
whiteware 1 black makers mark, "..NA"
whiteware, flow transfer 2 blue
whiteware, painted 1 yellow band
whiteware, edged 1 blue straight
whiteware 4
stoneware 1 salt glaze exterior, brown slip interior
slate 1 large fragment
earthenware, red 1 black glaze
yelloware 1 brown band
faunal remains 2
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Stage 2 Catalogue for Location 4 (AjHa-30)
Test Pits
Artifact Freq Comments
whiteware, edged 3 blue, straight rim with moulding, chicken foot design
whiteware, stamped 3 purple & green
whiteware, sponged 2 1 blue, 1 green
whiteware, painted 1 blue, green, black
whiteware, banded 2 1 blue, 1 blue & yellow (mocha)
whiteware 12
earthenware, red 3
earthenware, yellow 1
glass, bottle 1 blue
faunal remains 4
misc. metal 1
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Appendix B:
Complete Stage 3 Artifact Catalogue for
AjHa-25, AjHa-26, AjHa-27 and AjHa-30
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Stage 3 Catalogue for Location 1 (AjHa-25)
Cat. Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments
100 290E 500N:5 0-19 whiteware, banded 1 blue
101 290E 500N:5 0-19 whiteware, sponged 3 blue
102 290E 500N:5 0-19 whiteware 2
103 290E 500N:5 0-19 ironstone, moulded 1
104 290E 500N:5 0-19 ironstone 4
105 290E 500N:5 0-19 scissors 1
106 295E 490N:1 0-28 whiteware, sponged 2 blue
107 295E 490N:1 0-28 whiteware, painted 1 pink floral
108 295E 490N:1 0-28 whiteware 8
109 295E 490N:1 0-28 ironstone, transfer flow 2 black
110 295E 490N:1 0-28 white clay pipe stem 1
111 295E 490N:1 0-28 red earthenware 1
112 295E 490N:1 0-28 glass, window 1
113 295E 490N:1 0-28 nail, cut 2
114 295E 490N:1 0-28 misc. metal 1
115 295E 490N:1 0-28 faunal remains 9
116 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware, transfer printed 1 brown
117 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
118 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware, painted 2 pink & blue floral
119 295E 495N:1 0-34 whiteware 6
120 295E 495N:1 0-34 ironstone 1
121 295E 495N:1 0-34 yelloware 1
122 295E 495N:1 0-34 stoneware 1 ink bottle
123 295E 495N:1 0-34 red earthenware 3
124 295E 495N:1 0-34 white clay pipe bowl 1
125 295E 495N:1 0-34 glass, bottle 4 2 aqua, 2 clear
126 295E 495N:1 0-34 glass, window 6
127 295E 495N:1 0-34 bone handle 1
128 295E 495N:1 0-34 faunal remains 2 1 mammal tooth
129 295E 495N:1 0-34 nail, cut 4
130 295E 495N:1 0-34 utensil 1 tablespoon
131 295E 495N:1 0-34 misc. metal hardware 2
132 295E 495N:1 0-34 misc. metal 11
133 300E 500N:1 0-22 glass, bottle 1 aqua
134 300E 500N:1 0-22 misc. metal 1
135 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware, transfer printed 2 1 blue, 1 brown
136 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
137 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware, edged 1 blue feathered with scalloped edge
138 300E 490N:1 0-33 whiteware 2
139 300E 490N:1 0-33 ironstone 2
140 300E 490N:1 0-33 semi-porcelain 3
141 300E 490N:1 0-33 red earthenware 1
142 300E 490N:1 0-33 yellow earthenware 1
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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143 300E 490N:1 0-33 earthenware 1
144 300E 490N:1 0-33 glass, bottle 2 1 brown, 1 clear
145 300E 490N:1 0-33 glass, window 2
146 300E 490N:1 0-33 nail, cut 2
147 300E 490N:1 0-33 faunal remains 6 2 calcined, 1 mammal tooth
148 280E 500N:1 0-26 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
149 280E 500N:1 0-26 ironstone, transfer printed 2 black
150 280E 500N:1 0-26 whiteware 7
151 280E 500N:1 0-26 ironstone, moulded 4
152 280E 500N:1 0-26 ironstone 3
153 280E 500N:1 0-26 yelloware 3
154 280E 500N:1 0-26 stoneware 1
155 280E 500N:1 0-26 porcelain 2
156 280E 500N:1 0-26 porcelain , transfer printed 1 pink rose pattern
157 280E 500N:1 0-26 glass, bottle 10 7 clear, 3 aqua
158 280E 500N:1 0-26 glass, window 2
159 280E 500N:1 0-26 nail, cut 3
160 280E 500N:1 0-26 misc. metal hardware 1 part of scissors
161 280E 500N:1 0-26 misc. metal 5
162 290E 495N:21 0-25 whiteware, transfer printed 5 4 blue, 1 black
163 290E 495N:21 0-25 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
164 290E 495N:21 0-25 yelloware 3
165 290E 495N:21 0-25 ironstone 1
166 290E 495N:21 0-25 whiteware 20
167 290E 495N:21 0-25 white clay pipe bowl 1
168 290E 495N:21 0-25 white clay pipe stem 1
169 290E 495N:21 0-25 red earthenware 3
170 290E 495N:21 0-25 glass, bottle 21 14 olive, 3 clear, 2 aqua, 1 brown, 1 green
171 290E 495N:21 0-25 glass, window 8
172 290E 495N:21 0-25 glass, lamp 1
173 290E 495N:21 0-25 nail, cut 1
174 290E 495N:21 0-25 misc. metal hardware 2
175 290E 495N:21 0-25 misc. metal 6
176 280E 490N:1 0-27 whiteware, transfer printed 1 black
177 280E 490N:1 0-27 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
178 280E 490N:1 0-27 whiteware 4
179 280E 490N:1 0-27 red earthenware 1
180 280E 490N:1 0-27 white clay pipe stem 2
181 280E 490N:1 0-27 glass, bottle 4 2 aqua, 2 clear
182 280E 490N:1 0-27 glass, window 8
183 280E 490N:1 0-27 glass, lamp 1
184 280E 490N:1 0-27 button 1 white glass, 4 holes
185 280E 490N:1 0-27 coin 1 Canadain Half Penny ~ 1844
186 280E 490N:1 0-27 nail, cut 2
187 280E 490N:1 0-27 misc. metal hardware 1
188 280E 490N:1 0-27 misc. metal 1
189 280E 490N:1 0-27 faunal remains 12 1 piece of shell
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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190 290E 485N:1 0-23 yelloware 4
191 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, sponged 3 blue
192 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, edged 2 blue feathered
193 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, painted 2 pink, blue
194 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, transfer printed 4 2 brown, 1 blue, 1 black
195 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware, banded 1 blue
196 290E 485N:1 0-23 whiteware 19
197 290E 485N:1 0-23 ironstone 1
198 290E 485N:1 0-23 porcelain 2 1 with moulded blue flowers
199 290E 485N:1 0-23 red earthenware 9
200 290E 485N:1 0-23 white clay pipe stem 1
201 290E 485N:1 0-23 glass, bottle 5 2 olive, 2 clear, 1 aqua
202 290E 485N:1 0-23 glass, window 3
203 290E 485N:1 0-23 nail, cut 5
204 290E 485N:1 0-23 nail, wire drawn 1
205 290E 485N:1 0-23 faunal remains 4
206 290E 485N:1 0-23 recent material 3 plastic ring, shingle fragment
207 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, sponged 8 blue
208 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, edged 6 blue feathered & blue feathered with scalloped edge
209 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, transfer printed 3 brown, blue
210 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, banded 1 blue, yellow
211 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, stamped 3 blue
212 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware, painted 1 burgandy
213 290E 490N:1 0-21 whiteware 25
214 290E 490N:1 0-21 yelloware, banded 3 blue & white bands
215 290E 490N:1 0-21 yelloware 2
216 290E 490N:1 0-21 ironstone 7
217 290E 490N:1 0-21 porcelain 1
218 290E 490N:1 0-21 red earthenware 17
219 290E 490N:1 0-21 yellow earthenware 3
220 290E 490N:1 0-21 stoneware 2
221 290E 490N:1 0-21 white clay pipe stem 5 "GLASGOW"
222 290E 490N:1 0-21 white clay pipe bowl 1 fragment
223 290E 490N:1 0-21 glass, bottle 7 4 aqua, 2 green, 1 clear
224 290E 490N:1 0-21 glass, window 7
225 290E 490N:1 0-21 nail, cut 5
226 290E 490N:1 0-21 nail, wire drawn 1
227 290E 490N:1 0-21 misc. metal hardware 3
228 290E 490N:1 0-21 wet stone 2
229 290E 490N:1 0-21 faunal remains 18
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Stage 3 Catalogue for Location 2 (AjHa-26)
Cat. Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments
100 290E 465N:1 0-11 glass, bottle 1 clear
101 290E 465N:1 0-11 glass, window 2
102 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
103 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware, stamped 1
104 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware, banded 1 yellow, blue
105 295E 480N:1 0-38 whiteware 6
106 295E 480N:1 0-38 ironstone 2
107 295E 480N:1 0-38 glass, bottle 1 clear
108 295E 480N:1 0-38 misc. metal 1
109 305E 515N:25 0-19 nail, cut 1
110 300E 520N:1 0-23 nail, cut 5
111 305E 470N:1 0-12 whiteware, edged 1 blue feathered
112 305E 470N:1 0-12 whiteware 2
113 305E 470N:1 0-12 yelloware 1
114 305E 470N:1 0-12 porcelain 1
115 305E 470N:1 0-12 red earthenware 1
116 305E 480N:1 0-20 whiteware, painted 2 blue & black
117 305E 480N:1 0-20 whiteware,
transfer printed 3 2 blue, 1 black
118 305E 480N:1 0-20 whiteware 2
119 305E 480N:1 0-20 red earthenware 1
120 305E 480N:1 0-20 glass, bottle 1 blue
121 305E 480N:1 0-20 glass, window 3
122 305E 480N:1 0-20 faunal remains 1
123 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, sponged 10 9 blue, 1 green
124 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, painted 4 brown, pink, blue
125 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, edged 3
blue feathered & blue feathered with scalloped edge
126 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware, transfer flow 2 blue, black
127 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware,
transfer printed 1 blue
128 295E 470N:1 0-31 whiteware 18
129 295E 470N:1 0-31 yelloware 1
130 295E 470N:1 0-31 white clay pipe
stem 1
131 295E 470N:1 0-31 porcelain 2 blue moulded design
132 295E 470N:1 0-31 stoneware 1 ink bottle
133 295E 470N:1 0-31 glass, bottle 7
134 295E 470N:1 0-31 glass, window 28
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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135 295E 470N:1 0-31 button 2 white glass ~ 4 holes, white shell ~ 4 holes
136 295E 470N:1 0-31 nail, cut 20
137 295E 470N:1 0-31 misc. metal 2
138 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, stamped 1 blue
139 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, banded 1 brown
140 300E 475N:1 0-14 ironstone, moulded 2
141 300E 475N:1 0-14 pearlware 4
142 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware 28
143 300E 475N:1 0-14 yelloware, banded 1 white band
144 300E 475N:1 0-14 yelloware 2
145 300E 475N:1 0-14 glass, bottle 6 5 aqua, 1 clear
146 300E 475N:1 0-14 glass, window 7
147 300E 475N:1 0-14 glass, dish 2 clear
148 300E 475N:1 0-14 red earthenware 14
149 300E 475N:1 0-14 stoneware 1
150 300E 475N:1 0-14 nail, cut 3
151 300E 475N:1 0-14 misc. metal 3
152 300E 475N:1 0-14 faunal remains 5
153 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware,
transfer printed 8 7 blue, 1 black
154 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, edged 4 blue feathered & scalloped
155 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, transfer flow 2 blue
156 300E 475N:1 0-14 whiteware, painted 2
blue & green floral, moulded floral ~ pink, blue & green
Stage 3 Catalogue for Location 3(AjHa-27)
Cat. Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments
100 300E 505N:1 0-21 nail, cut 2
101 300E 505N:1 0-21 nail, wire drawn 3
102 300E 505N:1 0-21 screw 1
103 300E 505N:1 0-21 misc. metal hardware 14
104 300E 505N:1 0-21 misc. metal 52
105 300E 505N:1 0-21 whiteware, banded 1 green
106 300E 505N:1 0-21 whiteware,
transfer printed 9 blue
107 300E 505N:1 0-21 ironstone, moulded 5 leaf pattern
108 300E 505N:1 0-21 ironstone 20 "ROYAL IRONSTONE"
109 300E 505N:1 0-21 semi-porcelain 23 4 with floral transfer print design
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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110 300E 505N:1 0-21 porcelain, painted 2 yellow, pink, blue
111 300E 505N:1 0-21 porcelain,
transfer printed 4 3 peach & green, 1 black
112 300E 505N:1 0-21 porcelain 29
113 300E 505N:1 0-21 earthenware 5
114 300E 505N:1 0-21 red earthenware 21 interior yellow glaze, brown exterior glaze
115 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass bottle (complete) 1
"CERTO REGISTERED TRADE MARK"
116 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, bottle 101 62 clear, 20 brown, 14 aqua, 3 green, 2 purple
117 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, lamp 1
118 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, white 1
119 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, window 66 28 with ridges
120 300E 505N:1 0-21 glass, dish 11
121 300E 500N:1 0-25 moulded, ironstone 1 floral design
122 300E 500N:1 0-25 ironstone 1
123 300E 500N:1 0-25 porcelain 1
124 300E 500N:1 0-25 stoneware 2
125 300E 500N:1 0-25 glass, bottle 5 3 clear, 1 aqua, 1 violet
126 300E 500N:1 0-25 misc. metal 1
127 300E 500N:1 0-25 recent material 1 insulator
128 295E 505N:1 0-17 glass, bottle 8 clear
129 305E 505N:1 0-14 stoneware 1
130 305E 505N:1 0-14 earthenware 1
131 305E 505N:1 0-14 misc. metal 2
132 305E 505N:1 0-14 misc. textile 2 part of leather belt or halter
133 305E 505N:1 0-14 glass, bottle 3 clear
Stage 3 Catalogue for Location 4 (AjHa-30)
Cat. Context Depth Artifact Freq. Comments
12 95E 210N:5 0-18 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
13 95E 210N:5 0-18 redware 1
14 95E 210N:5 0-18 earthenware,
red 2
15 95E 210N:5 0-18 misc. glass 1 melted
16 100E 175N:21 0-19 whiteware 7
17 100E 175N:21 0-19 unknown
ceramic type 3
18 100E 175N:21 0-19 yelloware 2
19 100E 175N:21 0-19 glass, bottle 1 olive
20 90E 180N:25 0-19 whiteware,
painted 2 blue, green, black
21 90E 180N:25 0-19 whiteware 5
22 90E 180N:25 0-19 yelloware 2
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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23 90E 180N:25 0-19 yelloware,
banded 2 blue white - mocha design
24 90E 180N:25 0-19 stoneware 7 salt glazed
25 90E 180N:25 0-19 nail, cut 3
26 105E 195N:1 0-18 faunal remains 4
27 105E 195N:1 0-18
whiteware, transfer printed 1 black
28 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware,
painted 2 blue, red, green, black
29 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware, sponged 9 5 blue, 3 blue/green, 1 red
30 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware,
edged 7 blue, straight rim, no moulding
31 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware,
edged 11 blue, straight rim, impressed curved lines
32 105E 195N:1 0-18 whiteware 76
33 105E 195N:1 0-18 unknown
ceramic type 1
34 105E 195N:1 0-18 stoneware 2 salt glazed
35 105E 195N:1 0-18 earthenware,
red 62
36 105E 195N:1 0-18 white clay pipe
bowl 1
37 105E 195N:1 0-18 nail, cut 1
38 95E 195N:25 0-19 whiteware,
edged 2 1 blue fragment, 1 blue with straight rim and no moulding
39 95E 195N:25 0-19 whiteware, sponged 2 blue
40 95E 195N:25 0-19 yelloware 2
41 95E 195N:25 0-19 whiteware 10
42 95E 195N:25 0-19 earthenware,
red 11
43 95E 195N:25 0-19 stoneware 1 salt glazed
44 95E 195N:25 0-19 brick 2 red
45 95E 195N:25 0-19 faunal remains 4
46 95E 195N:25 0-19 glass, window 1
47 95E 195N:25 0-19 glass, bottle 3 2 clear, 1 blue
48 95E 200N:25 0-19 whiteware, stamped 1 blue
49 95E 200N:25 0-19 whiteware,
painted 1 green, pink
50 95E 200N:25 0-19 earthenware,
red 3
51 95E 200N:25 0-19 misc. metal 6
52 95E 200N:25 0-19 recent material 3 1 piece of plastic, 2 red glass frags.
53 95E 200N:25 0-19 glass, window 51
54 95E 200N:25 0-19 glass, bottle 4 2 aqua, 2 clear
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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55 105E 200N:1 0-20 whiteware,
edged 2
1 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines, 1 blue with straight rim and no moulding
56 105E 200N:1 0-20 whiteware 5
57 105E 200N:1 0-20 nail, cut 2
58 105E 200N:1 0-20 misc. metal 1
59 90E 195N:2 0-17 pearlware,
edged 1 blue with straight rim & impressed curved lines
60 90E 195N:2 0-17 pearlware, moulded 1 moulded floral design
61 90E 195N:2 0-17 whiteware,
banded 1 blue band
62 90E 195N:2 0-17 whiteware, sponged 1 blue
63 90E 195N:2 0-17 whiteware 13
64 90E 195N:2 0-17 earthenware,
red 2
65 90E 195N:2 0-17 white clay pipe
stem 1 "BANNERMAN/MONTREAL"
66 90E 195N:2 0-17 doll 1 porcelain doll head
67 90E 195N:2 0-17 utensil 1 bone handle, probably from a fork
68 110E 195N:1 0-12 whiteware, sponged 1 blue and green
69 110E 195N:1 0-12 whiteware 4
70 110E 195N:1 0-12 earthenware,
red 5
71 110E 195N:1 0-12 glass, bottle 1 olive
72 95E 205N:1 0-20 whiteware 1
73 95E 205N:1 0-20 nail, cut 1
74 95E 205N:1 0-20 faunal remains 1 burnt
75 90E 175N:25 0-20 whiteware,
painted 1 green
76 90E 175N:25 0-20
whiteware, transfer printed 3 black
77 90E 175N:25 0-20 unknown
ceramic type 1
78 90E 175N:25 0-20 whiteware 20
79 90E 175N:25 0-20 earthenware,
red 6
80 90E 175N:25 0-20 glass,
chimney/lamp 1
81 90E 175N:25 0-20 glass, window 1
82 90E 175N:25 0-20 glass, bottle 2 1 clear, 1 aqua
83 90E 175N:25 0-20 nail, cut 3
84 90E 175N:25 0-20 faunal remains 24
85 90E 175N:25 0-20 yelloware,
banded 1 white bands
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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86 90E 175N:25 0-20 whiteware 2
87 90E 175N:25 0-20 white clay pipe
bowl 1 fluted
88 95E 215N:5 0-16 brick 1 red
89 95E 215N:5 0-16 glass, bottle 3 2 aqua, 1 mauve
90 95E 215N:5 0-16 misc. metal hardware 1
91 110E 190N:1 0-16 whiteware,
painted 6 pink, green, blue
92 110E 190N:1 0-16 whiteware, stamped 2 pink, green, purple
93 110E 190N:1 0-16 whiteware 10
94 90E 190N:1 0-24 ironstone 1
95 90E 190N:1 0-24 whiteware 3
96 90E 190N:1 0-24 red clay pipe
stem 1
97 90E 190N:1 0-24 nail, cut 2
98 90E 190N:1 0-24 faunal remains 2
99 95E 200N:1 0-17
whiteware, transfer printed 2 1 blue, 1 purple
100 95E 200N:1 0-17 whiteware, sponged 4 blue
101 95E 200N:1 0-17 whiteware,
painted 2 1 green and purple, 1 blue
102 95E 200N:1 0-17 yelloware 1
103 95E 200N:1 0-17 whiteware 11
104 95E 200N:1 0-17 ironstone, moulded 1
105 95E 200N:1 0-17 ironstone 3
106 95E 200N:1 0-17 unknown
ceramic type 2
107 95E 200N:1 0-17 earthenware,
red 1
108 95E 200N:1 0-17 glass, bottle 2 clear
109 95E 200N:1 0-17 nail, cut 2
110 95E 200N:1 0-17 faunal remains 6
111 95E 200N:1 0-17 misc. metal hardware 1 large metal hook
112 105E 185N:1 0-22
whiteware, transfer printed 6 blue
113 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware,
edged 1 blue fragment
114 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware,
painted 4 blue, green, black
115 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware, sponged 1 red and green
116 105E 185N:1 0-22 whiteware 8
117 105E 185N:1 0-22 ironstone, moulded 1
118 105E 185N:1 0-22 ironstone 2
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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119 105E 185N:1 0-22 yelloware,
banded 1 blue/white mocha design
120 105E 185N:1 0-22 yelloware 5
121 105E 185N:1 0-22 white clay pipe
stem 1 "MURRAY"
122 105E 185N:1 0-22 nail, wrought 1
123 105E 185N:1 0-22 nail, cut 4
124 105E 185N:1 0-22 stoneware 11
125 105E 185N:1 0-22 glass, bottle 4 3 aqua, 1 olive
126 105E 185N:1 0-22 white clay pipe
bowl 1 fluted design
127 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware, sponged 16 blue
128 105E 190N:1 0-20
whiteware, transfer printed 17 10 blue, 7 brown
129 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,
painted 9 green, black, blue, pink, grey, purple
130 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,
edged 1 blue fragment
131 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,
edged 4 blue, with straight rim & impressed curved lines
132 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware,
edged 3 blue, with scalloped rim and impressed bud design
133 105E 190N:1 0-20 yelloware,
banded 9 white & brown bands
134 105E 190N:1 0-20 yelloware 2
135 105E 190N:1 0-20 unknown
ceramic type 1
136 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware 43
137 105E 190N:1 0-20 rockingham
ware 1
138 105E 190N:1 0-20 earthenware,
red 14
139 105E 190N:1 0-20 white clay pipe
bowl 2
140 105E 190N:1 0-20 whiteware 1
141 105E 190N:1 0-20 jews harp 1 broken
142 105E 190N:1 0-20 button 1 shell, 4 holes
143 105E 190N:1 0-20 glass, bottle 10 6 olive, 3 aqua, 1 clear
144 105E 190N:1 0-20 glass, window 1
145 105E 190N:1 0-20 mortar 5
146 105E 190N:1 0-20 nail, wrought 1
147 105E 190N:1 0-20 nail, cut 2
148 105E 190N:1 0-20 utensil 1 tsp., missing handle
149 105E 190N:1 0-20 misc. metal hardware 1
150 95E 190N:25 0-28
whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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151 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware,
painted 4 green, blue
152 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware, stamped 2 1 pink & green, 1 purple
153 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware,
edged 4 blue fragments
154 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware,
edged 4
2 blue with straight rims and impressed straight lines, 1 blue with scalloped rim, 1 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines
155 95E 190N:25 0-28 yelloware,
banded 2 blue/white mocha design
156 95E 190N:25 0-28 yelloware 12
157 95E 190N:25 0-28 unknown
ceramic type 6
158 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware 58
159 95E 190N:25 0-28 rockingham
ware 4
160 95E 190N:25 0-28 earthenware,
red 23
161 95E 190N:25 0-28 white clay pipe
bowl 1 fluted design
162 95E 190N:25 0-28 bead 1 blue glass bead
163 95E 190N:25 0-28 misc. glass 1
164 95E 190N:25 0-28 misc. metal 1
165 95E 190N:25 0-28 faunal remains 3 1 burnt
166 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
painted 7 pink & green
167 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware, sponged 3
1 blue, 1 blue & green, 1 pink & green
168 100E 185N:21 0-34
whiteware, transfer printed 7 6 blue, 1 brown
169 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 4 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines
170 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 1 blue fragment
171 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 2 blue with scalloped rim and impressed curved lines
172 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware,
banded 1 blue/white/brown cat's eye design
173 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware 2
174 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware 23
175 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
painted 9 pink, green, blue, black
176 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware, sponged 13
7 blue, 3 blue and pink, 3 blue and green
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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177 100E 185N:21 0-34
whiteware, transfer printed 33 23 blue, 10 brown
178 100E 185N:21 0-34 button 1 white glass, 4 holes
179 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware,
banded 1 brown and white bands
180 100E 185N:21 0-34 unknown
ceramic type 1
181 100E 185N:21 0-34 yelloware 4
182 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 2 blue fragments
183 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 2 blue with straight rim and no moulding
184 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 11 blue with straight rim and impressed curved lines
185 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware,
edged 5 blue with scalloped rim and impressed bud design
186 100E 185N:21 0-34 ironstone 2
187 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware 120
188 100E 185N:21 0-34 white clay pipe
bowl 1 "Turks Head"
189 100E 185N:21 0-34 white clay pipe
bowl 1 plain
190 100E 185N:21 0-34 faunal remains 36 30 burnt
191 100E 185N:21 0-34 unknown
ceramic type 1
192 100E 185N:21 0-34 rockingham
ware 1
193 100E 185N:21 0-34 earthenware,
red 30
194 100E 185N:21 0-34 utensil 1 fork - missing handle
195 100E 185N:21 0-34 glass, window 6
196 100E 185N:21 0-34 glass,
chimney/lamp 2
197 100E 185N:21 0-34 glass, bottle 4 aqua
198 100E 185N:21 0-34 stoneware 1
199 100E 185N:21 0-34 slate 2
200 100E 185N:21 0-34 faunal remains 2
201 100E 185N:21 0-34 whiteware 1
202 100E 185N:21 0-34 metal wire 2
203 100E 185N:21 0-34 misc. metal 2
204 100E 185N:21 0-34 nail, wrought 10
205 100E 185N:21 0-34 nail, cut 36
206 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware, stamped 7 blue
207 100E 180N:21 0-27
whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue
208 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware, sponged 2 blue
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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209 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware,
painted 3 yellow, green
210 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware,
banded 13
6 with blue/white/green mocha design, 6 with white/brown bands, 1 with cat's eye brown/white /blue
211 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware 10
212 100E 180N:21 0-27 unknown
ceramic type 3
213 100E 180N:21 0-27
whiteware, transfer printed 1 blue
214 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware,
edged 3 blue fragments
215 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware,
painted 6 green, blue, yellow, pink, black
216 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware, stamped 13 11 blue, 2 green and purple
217 100E 180N:21 0-27 whiteware 73
218 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware 7
219 100E 180N:21 0-27 yelloware,
banded 9 7 with white and blue bands, 2 white/green/blue mocha
220 100E 180N:21 0-27 ironstone 48
221 100E 180N:21 0-27 ironstone, moulded 17
222 100E 180N:21 0-27 earthenware,
red 75
223 100E 180N:21 0-27 stoneware 1
224 100E 180N:21 0-27 glass, bottle 18 14 aqua, 4 clear
225 100E 180N:21 0-27 nail, cut 5
226 100E 180N:21 0-27 metal wire 3
227 100E 180N:21 0-27 chain 1 chain link
228 100E 180N:21 0-27 faunal remains 17 3 butchered, 5 burnt
229 100E 180N:21 0-27 misc. metal hardware 3
230 100E 180N:21 0-27 misc. metal 19
231 100E 180N:21 0-27 slate 2
232 105E 190N:1 0-20 faunal remains 6
233 105E 180N:1 0-15 whiteware 2
234 105E 180N:1 0-15 nail, wrought 1
235 105E 180N:1 0-15 yelloware 10
236 95E 190N:25 0-28 whiteware, sponged 2 blue
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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APPENDIX C: Qualifications of the Principal Investigator
Jim Wilson, M.A.
President, Archaeologix Inc.
Education History:
1988 Honours B.A., University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario Canada.
Department of Anthropology.
1990 Master's Degree, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada. Department of
Anthropology.
University Lecturing Positions:
1993 McMaster University:
1994 McMaster University:
1995 University of Western Ontario:
Archaeological Experience:
97-03 President, Archaeologix Inc.
96-97 Principle Field Investigator, Mayer Heritage Consultants Inc.
94/95 City of London Archaeologist Planner.
1994 Principle Field Investigator, Mayer Heritage Consultants Inc.
1993 Ontario Heritage Foundation Research: Research Assistant on the Middle
Sydenham River Survey.
McMaster University: Project Director for the Thames River Middle
Woodland Settlement/Subsistence Project.
Wilson Heritage Services: Project Director, Aldborough Township
Archaeological Resource Assessment.
1992 McMaster University: Project Director for the Thames River Middle Woodland
Settlement/Subsistence Project.
1991 Mayer, Poulton and Associates: Field Director for the Edenridge Subdivision
Assessment.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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Archaeological Research Associates: Field Assistant.
1990 McMaster University: Field Assistant on the Mixteca Alta Archaeological
Survey; Oaxaca, Mexico.
1989 McMaster University: Project Director of the Boresma Site excavations.
Mayer, Poulton and Associates. Field Assistant on the Rosedale Subdivision
Assessment.
1988 Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Field Assistant for the Ontario Hydro Longwoods
Transformer Station Project.
Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Assistant on the Union Gas Hamilton to Niagara Falls
pipeline survey and subsequent mitigations.
McMaster University: Field Assistant for the Harvie Site mitigation, a 19th
century pioneer cemetery.
1987 Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Field Assistant on the Vaughn Master Plan Survey.
Museum of Indian Archaeology: Field Assistant for the Matthew's Wood's
Project.
Mayer, Pihl and Poulton: Field Assistant on the Ontario Hydro Longwoods
Transformer Station Assessment, Phase One.
University of Western Ontario Field School.
1986 Museum of Indian Archaeology: Field Assistant at the Crawford Lake Site.
Publications:
1988 The Snake Creek Burial. KEWA 88(7):2-6. (With Dr. M.W. Spence).
1991 A Bad Analogy?: Northern Algonquian Models and the Middle Woodland
Occupations of Southwestern Ontario. KEWA: 91(6):9-22.
1991 The Kittmer Site: A Middle Woodland Camp on the Upper Thames Drainage.
KEWA: 91(6):2-8.
1992 Archaeological Investigations at the Duncan McGugan Middle Woodland Site.
Annual Archaeological Review of Ontario, 71-74 (With Dr. C. Ellis).
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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1993 The Preliminary Investigations at the Pocock Site and the Meadowood Phase
along the Middle Thames Drainage. KEWA: 93(3):2-21.
1993 The Rice Lake Phase Reconsidered. KEWA: 93(6):17-25.
1994 The Racher Site (AfHi-141): More Evidence Concerning Large Riverine Middle
Woodland Sites Along the Middle Thames River Drainage. KEWA: 94(4): 2-17.
1997 Summary of an On-Going Archaeological Assessment, Lt.-Colonel John Butler
Homestead (AgGu-66), Niagara-on-the-Lake. In Arch Notes Vol.2(5):6-14.
(With R.G. Mayer and S. Gouglas).
1997 Cherry Hill: A Kirk Corner-Notched Site at Fonthill, Ontario. KEWA : 97(7):2-
11. (With B. Wimmer and A. Figura).
1998 Osteological Analysis of an Early Woodland Burial: Mo Pierce site, South bay
Marina Complex, Township of Pelee, Essex County, Ontario (AnHq-20). Arch
Notes: 3(3):13-18.
1999 The Pocock Site: Exploring the Early Woodland/Middle Woodland Transition in
Southwestern Ontario. KEWA: 99(1):2-27.
1999 The Greg Tarry Site (AeHf-38), A Small Uren Sub-Stage Camp in Aylmer,
Ontario. KEWA: 99(3):2-8.
2000 The Moyer’s Flat Site Pot. KEWA: 00(7):2-4
2002 The Fregg Site (AhGx-390), A Small Point Late Archaic Occupation in
Ancaster. KEWA: 02(8):1-16
Presentations:
1989 An Introduction to the Boresma Site: A Middle Woodland Occupation in the
Middle Thames River Drainage. At: The Ontario Archaeological Society
Annual Meeting; London Ontario.
1989 The Middle Woodland Period in the Thames River Drainage. For: McMaster
Anthropology Society.
1992 The 1989 Excavations at the Boresma Site: A Middle Woodland Basecamp. For:
London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.
1993 The Prehistory of the Delaware Area from the Late Archaic to the Early Late
Woodland. For: London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.
Archaeological Assessment (Stage 1, 2 & 3), Acton Quarry Extension
Town of Halton Hills, Region of Halton, Ontario.
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1993 Early Woodland and Middle Woodland Settlement Systems: Exploring Two
Distinct Adaptive Strategies. At: The Ontario Archaeological Society Annual
Meeting. Niagara Falls, Ontario
1993 Which Way to the Lawson Site? Late Woodland Settlement Patterns West of the
Caradoc Sand Plain. At: The Ontario Archaeological Society Annual Meeting;
Niagara Falls, Ontario. (With D. Riddell).
1995 Identifying Reductions in Residential Mobility in the Early and Middle Woodland
Periods in Southwestern Ontario. At: The Canadian Archaeological Society
Annual Meetings; Kelowna, British Columbia.
1995 GIS applications and archaeological master plans. At: The Annual ESRI
Canada Arc/Info Users Conference; Waterloo, Ontario.
1996 GIS Worshop. At The 10th
Annual Canadian Association of Professional
Heritage Consultants Meetings; Toronto, Ontario.
1998 Archaeological Master Planning, the London Experience. At: The 1999
Ontario Professional Planners Institute Annual Meetings, Kingston, Ontario.
2001 The Van Bree Site: Young Phase/Glen Meyer Interaction near Arkona. For:
London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.
2002 The Don Crich Site: A Princess Point Camp on the North Branch of the Thames River.
For: London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society.