archaeolandscapes europe

www.archaeolandscapes.eu

ArchaeoLandscapes Europe

ArchaeoLandscapes Europe A Remote Sensing Network For Cultural Heritage

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ArchaeoLandscapes EuropeUna red de Sensores Remotos para el Patrimonio

Cultural

Dr. Axel G. PosluschnyRoman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Inst [email protected]



Roman-Germanic Commission

Features in Cultural Heritage Management

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Invisible Features in Cultural Heritage Management

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Invisible Features in Cultural Heritage Management

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Braasch/Christlein1982




An example – aerial information

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Germania 71, 1993Ber. RGK 72, 1993




An example – geophysical information

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Ber. RGK 72, 1993




Aerial Archaeology

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soil marks

crop marks

Braasch 2010Landesamt 1997




Satellite Imagery

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Satellite Imagery

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• Satellite images• increasing resolution• large scale availability

Cowley et al. 2010




ALS / LiDAR

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• LiDAR => Light Detection And Ranging = Airborne Laserscan (ALS)

• A high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) can be derived and also a „vegetation-free“ digital elevation model (DEM)

• Many national cartography agencies produce these scans which can also be used for archaeological purposes

English Heritage 2010




ALS / LiDAR

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Geophysical Surveys

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• Geophysical surveying methods comprise a variety of different techniques:– Magnetometer survey– Earth resistance survey (geoelectric survey)– Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)

• They are:– non-destructive– machine-based– in most cases less expensive than excavations– can cover much larger areas than field walking, trial trenching or

even large scale excavations• Their disadvantage is the expert knowledge one has to have in many

cases to be able to handle the data derived from various measurements




Geophysical Surveys – Geomagnetic

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• Is used to rapidly generate data of large scale areas, showing a wide variety of anomalies that have been cause by different kinds of human activities

• It uses one or more sensors to measure the gradient of the magnetic field i.e. the difference between the natural magnetic field of the Earth and the structures that have been cause by human impact

• Every kind of material has its own magnetic property, they all result in a different disturbance of the Earth’s magnetic field

• Other than earth resistance surveys, magnetometers do not usually detect walls or other stone structures (if not burned) directly

D. Peters





Geophysical Surveys – Geomagnetic

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Batora et al.




Geophysical Surveys – Earth Resistance

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• Earth resistance survey (geoelectric survey) is measuring the local electrical resistance by inserting two or more sensors into the ground, which produce electrical circuits

• Features like ditches often contain more moisture than the surrounding soil and therefore have less resistivity while wall structures, foundings and so on usually have a higher resistivity

• The main disadvantage of a resistance survey is the limitation caused by the need for the sensors to make direct electrical contact by the insertion of electrodes. As a result resistance survey is mainly used for smaller areas






Geophysical Surveys – Ground Penetrating Radar

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• Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is often used because of its abilities to measure not only planar features but also to estimate the depth of features. A radar signal or electromagnetic impulse is send into the ground, which causes different kinds of reflections (travel time of signals), depending on the depth and the structure of the soil and of buried features

• The resulting data represents a profile information, that can also be interpolated into a planview map by taking into account the results of several, densely measured profiles

• The main disadvantage of GPR is its dependency on ideal soil conditions. Another problem is the low speed of measurements, especially when used for larger areas


Kvamme et al. 2006




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Co-ordinator/Project Leader: 1. Roman-Germanic Commission, German Archaeological Institut (DE)

Co-organisers:1. In Flanders Fields Museum, Belgium (BE)

2. Cyprus Research and Education Foundation (STARC), Cyprus (CY)

3. Holstebro Museum, Denmark (DK)

4. State Heritage Service Baden-Württemberg, Germany (DE)

5. Institute for Mediterranean Studies (FORTH), Greece (GR)

6. Baranya County Museum Authority, Hungary (HU)

7. Institute of Archaeology, Iceland (IS)

8. Discovery Programme, Ireland (IE)

9. University College Dublin, Ireland (IE)

10. University of Foggia, Italy (IT)

11. University of Salento (LabTAF), Lecce, Italy (IT)

12. University of Siena (LAP&T), Italy (IT)

13. University of Klaipeda, Lithuania (LT)

14. University of Leiden, Netherlands (NL)

15. Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research (NIKU), Norway (NO)

16. Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna , Poland (PL)ń17. Institute for Cultural Memory (CIMEC), Romania (RO)

18. Institute of Archaeology, Serbia (RS)

19. Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK)

20. Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU) (SI)

21. University of Ljubljana, Slovenia (SI)

22. Instituto de Estudos Galeos Padre Sarmiento, Spain (ES)

23. English Heritage, United Kingdom (UK)

24. University of Exeter, United Kingdom (UK)

25. University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (UK)

26. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (UK)

Associated Partners (with no financial commitment within the project):1. University of Vienna, Austria

2. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic

3. National Heritage Board of Estonia

4. National Museum of the Faroe Islands

5. Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Finland

6. Université de Franche Comté, France

7. University of Applied Sciences - i3mainz, Germany

8. University of Bamberg, Germany

9. University of Frankfurt, Germany

10. Aerial Archaeology Research Group

11. Culture Lab - International Cultural Expertise, Belgium

12. Dutch Expertise Centre for Archaeological Remote Sensing

13. Dundalk Institute of Technology, Ireland

14. Latvian Academy of Culture

15. University of Granada, Spain

16. University of Uppsala, Sweden

17. University of Ulster, United Kingdom

18. Landscape & Geophysical Services, Ireland

19. Macquarie University, NSW, Australia

20. The DART Project - University of Leeds, United Kingdom

21. Leuven University, Belgium

22. Department of Earth and Environment of the Italian National Research Council

23. University of Zagreb, Croatia

24. VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands

25. Moesgaard Museum, Denmark

26. The Rathcroghan Heritage Centre, Ireland

27. The Landscape Research Centre, United Kingdom

28. Polytechnic Institute of Tomar University, Portugal

more to come ...

Project Partners from all over Europe




• Agreement Number: 2010-1486• Start: 15th September 2010• End: 14th September 2015• EU Funding: 2,5 Mio €• Overall Budget: 5 Mio €• Involved Partners: 55(so far)• Project Leader: Roman-Germanic Commission of the

German Archaeological Institute (Dr. Axel G. Posluschny, [email protected])

ArchaeoLandscape Europe is supported by the EU within the framework of the Culture

2007-2013 programme

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Aims of the project

•To increase public appreciation, understanding and conservation .....

–of the landscape and archaeological heritage – of Europe ....

–through the application and international sharing of skills and experience ....

•in airborne and other forms of remote sensing

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A busy 5-year programme ... • Create a self-supporting ArchaeoLandscapes Network Europe• Communicate the value of aerial survey, remote sensing and

landscape studies• Promote the pan-European exchange of people, skills and

experience• Enhance teaching in aerial survey, remote sensing and

landscape studies• Exploit existing air-photo archives more effectively• Support aerial survey, remote sensing and landscape

exploration• Explore laser, satellite and other forms of remote sensing to a

larger extent• Provide technical guidance and advice on best practice

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Further information

If you want to know more about the project and the various (future) activities, opportunities and

so on, visit our website

http://www.archaeolandscapes.eu

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Resume

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• One can only protect, monitor and manage what s/he knows• –> Large scale surveys are not only a technique for archaeological research but also for

Cultural Heritage Management• Site protection is an expensive as well as a time consuming task• –> Modern geophysical and remote sensing methods are a possible solution• The large variety of modern surveying methods have a number of great advantages:

– Non-destructive– Amend each other– Very precise– Nearly complete– Cover large areas– Fast– Much lower costs than caused by excavations

• Surveying data is the ideal basis for decision making in urban land-use planning, to assess the threads from erosion, looting and plundering or from ploughing and to monitor archaeological sites

• During building and construction planning the areas of archaeological interest can be taken into account –> not only Archaeology or Cultural Heritage Management benefit from large scale surveys but also investors and stakeholders




Resume

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Knowing that the use of all these techniques and methods need skill, expertise and experience and being

aware of the fact that these factors are not evenly distributed all over Europe (as well as in the rest of the

world), the ArchaeoLandscapes Europe project, supported by the EU Culture 2007–2013 programme, aims for a better understanding and a more excessive use of modern archaeological surveying techniques as

well as for an exchange of people, working in these fields, their expertise and of new ideas




Thank you very muchfor your attention

[email protected]