arc january 5th

8/2/2019 ARC January 5th

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Energy PermacultureARC January 5th

You never change things by fighting theexisting reality. To change something,build a new model that makes the existingmodel obsolete. Buckminster Fuller

Win Sol


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TodayBackground

Community Microgrids Energy Permaculture

Energy Commons

In March + April

Do first 4 steps of energy permaculture Observation, Inventory, Assessment, Feasibility

Learn ALL renewables

Case studies

Site Visits?

Do projects/teams Maybe do a CMG??

HomePlay


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gn-up Sheet


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Where do we get our

energy from?

i t


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in = out


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100% 33% 20% 10% 2 - 5%

% useable energy

We pay

for this

@ outlet


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a new energy model

Community Microgrids

Energy Commons

Energy Permaculture


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Community MicroGrids (CMG)

A CMG is a stand-alone, small interconnectedenergy grid based on 100% renewable suppliesthat are distributed to local community

residences and businesses. CMGs are anessential part of community self-reliance. CMGs are connected to other CMGs within adjacent communities.

CMGs are not tied to the main utility grid, they are stand-alone.

CMGs provide 6sigma reliability + have safety as primary objective.

CMGs are developed, owned,maintained 100% by local citizenry.

Creates local jobs.

CMGs monitor and heal themselves.


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A new modelFuture Microgrid Example


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People Power Microgrid www.nweac.org

Microgrid Pilot Configuration

1. Homes and businesseswithin loop haveindividual smart meters& controllable loads.

2. Gateway meter gathers

settlement quality dataon activity within loop.3. Community control

system controlsindividual loadsaccording to customer.

4. Central control systemcommunicates with gridand community controlsystem preferences andutility signals.

k

l

m

j

j

12
http://www.nweac.org/http://www.nweac.org/


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12 Permaculture Steps1. Observe and interact

2. Catch and store energy

3. Obtain a yield

4. Apply self-regulation and accept feedback

5. Use and value renewable resources and services6. Produce no waste

7. Design from patterns to details

8. Integrate rather than segregate

9. Use small and slow solutions10. Use and value diversity

11. Use edges and value the marginal

12. Creatively use and respond to change


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Renewable Energies

1. Biomass

2. Solar Hot Water

3. Geothermal4. Biogas + biofuels

5. MicroHydro

6. Wind7. Solar PV

8. other (tidal)


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Indonesia CMG Case Study


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Indonesia Case Study

TABLE 1: Energy Harvesting + Availability Chart @ Penatahan

A.Local

availability10 = hi

B.Harvesting

Cost/watt10= hi

C.Energy

Yield10 = hi

D.First

Cost10= hi

E.Operation

Cost10=hi

F.Ease of

Operatio10 = easy

1. Biomass 10 3 10 10 9 2

2. SolarHot Water 10 1 6 3 1 7

3. Geothermal 5 2 3 2 1 8

4. Biogas 9 5 8 5 5 4

5. Micro Hydro 9 5 7 7 6 5

6. Solar PV 7 7 4 8 3 9

7. Wind 2 10 7 7 2 6


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Indonesia Case Study

TABLE 3 Penatahan Available energy + economic yield potential

A.Avail.

Energy

B.units

C.joules

D.watts/

day

E.$0.10/

kwh

F.$/year

1. Biomass 80000 watts/day 2.88E+08 80000 8 $2,920

2. Solar HotWater 16500 btu/day 1.74E+07 4832 0.4832 $176

3. Geothermal 2880 btu/day 3.04E+06 843 0.0843 $31

4. Biogas 4392 Mbtu/day 4.63E+09 18000 1.8 $657

5. Micro Hydro 1200 watts/day 4.32E+06 1200 0.12 $44

6. Solar PV 1250 watts/day 4.50E+06 1250 0.125 $46

TOTALS 4.948E+09 106125 $3,874


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Underfloor cinder blocks

Greenhouse

Living Roof

North

Wall

Strawbales

summersun

wintersun

Rain WaterCollection

10,000 literHW storage

SHWDraindown

System

14 tonFireplace/

TrombeWall

South

16foot

Glasswall

Side View

WinSol3 Case Study


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Q + A

Sign-up Sheet

Spring Classes

HomePlay handout

My contact

[email protected]


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Local Biomass Plant


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Biomass Issues1.General Forest Conditions and Wildfire Hazards

2.Forest Types of the West3.Condition and Treatment Approaches to Forest Types of

the West4.Environmental Issues and Forest Health Treatment

1._Soil Damage and Ecosystem Recovery

_Air Quality_Water Quality and Streamflow_Roads_Water Partitioning_Greenhouse Gas Emissions_Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity Conservation

5.Designing Forest Health Treatments6.Economic Issues and Forest Health Treatment_The Economics of Harvesting and Hauling Forest Biomass_Treatment Costs_Wildfire Costs

7.Disposal of Excess Biomass8.Estimating the Resource


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SummerCooling

WinterHeating

ThermalExchange

WaterAquifer

HorizontalGrid + Loops


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1. Observation

Process:Neutral, non-evaluative observation of sites natural resources

Tasks:Define site boundaries, adjacencies and surrounding culture +

environs

Observe regenerative capacities of siteObserve sites diversity of resources, interactions, transition zones.Recording of observations, sorting + documenting

Best Practices:Permaculture + scientific observation only practices

Clear mind, no evaluation, no judgmenthttp://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/

Tools:Shoes, eyes, clipboard, camera.Observation guidelines established within permaculture.
http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/http://www.neverendingfood.org/b-what-is-permaculture/


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3 A t


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3. AssessmentProcess:

Establish ecological relationships btwn site resources + CMG energy needs

Assess eight+ renewable energy technologies applicably for CMG needs

Assess current available solar income and on-site storageAssess prioritization, distribution, timing, storage of CMG energy rqmtsAssess potential site risks and opportunities

Tasks:Assess RE resources applicability:

Biomass, Biogas, MicroHydro, Geothermal, Wind, Solar HW, Solar PV +

Establish ecological + energy criteriaNo financial considerations at this point

Best Practices:

Permaculture principles also set up geographical zones within whicheach of the 12 principles are followedhttp://files.dnr.state.mn.us/assistance/nrplanning/community/nrig/fullguide/howass.html

Tools:System dynamics modeling, Software

http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/nrplanning/community/index.html

4 Feasibility
http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/assistance/nrplanning/community/nrig/fullguide/howasses.htmlhttp://files.dnr.state.mn.us/assistance/nrplanning/community/nrig/fullguide/howasses.htmlhttp://www.dnr.state.mn.us/nrplanning/community/index.htmlhttp://www.dnr.state.mn.us/nrplanning/community/index.htmlhttp://files.dnr.state.mn.us/assistance/nrplanning/community/nrig/fullguide/howasses.htmlhttp://files.dnr.state.mn.us/assistance/nrplanning/community/nrig/fullguide/howasses.html


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4. FeasibilityProcess: Reality of sites resources meets reality of CMGs energy needs

Establish appropriate renewable technologies for CMGFeasibility of each RE extraction, distribution, storage infrastructureApproximate costs and ROI tradeoffsDevelop CMG project work scope

Tasks: Gap analysis (CMG needs vs. available RE)% of current solar income that can meet CMGs daily energy needs.Amount of storage required for daily nite-time, seasonal needs.Intertie with adjacent communities and supply chain resources.Provide estimates of RE availability + reliability. Rough first costs,

Include appropriate technology feasibilities:Technological complexities, innovations, social + political constraintsMeeting and decisions Detailed work scope and contract docs

Best Practices:Closed loop, self-sufficient, waste = foodVarious practices listed in: Energy Commons paper # 1[1]http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/resource_efficiency/index.htm

Tools: Scenario Planning, System Dynamics, Sensitivity AnalysisVarious Software, FM, CRE, CPM practices

5 Fi i
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/resource_efficiency/index.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/resource_efficiency/index.htm


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5. FinancingProcess:

Develop financing of CMG project along withtimelines

Make decisionTasks:

Develop accurate financials + budget forPlanning + DesignConstruction Phases

Continual Operations + MaintenanceWhat-if scenarios, decision, fund project

Best Practices:Co-ops, Time banks, Micro-financingPhase-in certain RE technologies,Lo-cost energy technologieshttp://www.grameen-info.org/ http://timebanks.org/

Tools:

Software, Estimation guides, RS Means, etc.

6 Pl + D i
http://www.grameen-info.org/http://timebanks.org/http://timebanks.org/http://www.grameen-info.org/http://www.grameen-info.org/http://www.grameen-info.org/


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6. Plan + DesignProcess:

Master Planning and design of the CMG

Tasks:

Contract specification and bid requirements aredeveloped

Generate approved Master plan

Best Practices:

Include construction, FM, O+M aspects in design

http://greenstep.pca.state.mn.us/bestPractices.cfmhttp://nature.berkeley.edu/csrd/communities/communities.htm

http://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practices

Tools:

Software, Autocad

7 Implementation
http://greenstep.pca.state.mn.us/bestPractices.cfmhttp://nature.berkeley.edu/csrd/communities/communities.htmhttp://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practiceshttp://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practiceshttp://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practiceshttp://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practiceshttp://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practiceshttp://californiaseec.org/tools-guidance/best-practiceshttp://nature.berkeley.edu/csrd/communities/communities.htmhttp://greenstep.pca.state.mn.us/bestPractices.cfm


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7. ImplementationProcess:

Award construction contract

Begin construction, progress milestones, quality assuranceComplete construction, inspection, acceptance, occupancy.

Tasks:The contract documents are put out to bid to pre-qualified

contractors, an award is made for the construction of the CMG.Construction is started, monitored, inspected, approved

Best Practices:Fast track project management processes

Phase-in, pilot projects, Quality assuranceStandards, ISO9000 series, NMBQAhttp://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/education_criteria.cfm?gclid=CPOpoqzCqq0CFcoaQ

godWD5jkw

Tools:Software, MS Project +, www.pmi.org , Retention funds
http://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/education_criteria.cfm?gclid=CPOpoqzCqq0CFcoaQgodWD5jkwhttp://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/education_criteria.cfm?gclid=CPOpoqzCqq0CFcoaQgodWD5jkwhttp://www.pmi.org/http://www.pmi.org/http://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/education_criteria.cfm?gclid=CPOpoqzCqq0CFcoaQgodWD5jkwhttp://www.nist.gov/baldrige/publications/education_criteria.cfm?gclid=CPOpoqzCqq0CFcoaQgodWD5jkw


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8. Operations + MaintenanceProcess:

Upkeep and quality assurance of facilities +

infrastructure.

Tasks:Weekly/Monthly/Annual predictive + preventive maintenanceMajor (every 5 10 years) maintenance

Breakdown repairing as needed.Emergency and disaster recovery planningProvide custodial, landscaping, food, etc. servicesShort and long-term budgeting, financial contingencies.

Best Practices:Random inspections, customer service.

Tools:CMMS + CAFM,

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/OM_9.pdf
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/OM_9.pdfhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/OM_9.pdf


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Energy Conversion Units

Joule (J) : energy expended when 1 kg ismoved 1 m by a force of 1 Newton or inpassing an electric current of one amperethrough a resistance of one ohm for one

second.a joule is the accepted standard unit of energy used in human energetics

within the International System of Units (SI).

Power = Volts (pressure) X Amps (flow) 1 therm = 100,000BTU 1 BTU = 1,055 Joules 1 Watt Hour = 3600 Joules 1 KWH = 3413 BTU

1 HP = 0.746 KWH
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_%28electricity%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amperehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_%28electricity%29


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Coming Changes in the


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Coming Changes in the

Energy Industry Value

Model


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Introduction


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Solar energy is plentiful


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Thermo Basics


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Energy and power

All energy deals with motion or vibration

Energy is either potential or kinetic

Heat + work are types of energy

Typical units for energy:

Joule (J) Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

Calorie (cal) Electron-volt (eV) Therm (thm) British Thermal Unit (BTU)

Energy = Mass Acceleration Displacement

Power = Energy/ Time

Typical units for power: Kilowatt (kW) Horsepower (Hp)

BTU per hour (BTU/h) Ton of Refr. (12kBTU/h)


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Heat transfer is aThermo Basics


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Heat transfer is athermodynamic principle

used in solar thermal apps Radiation: transfer of

heat throughelectromagnetic radiation

Conduction: transfer ofheat through direct contact

Convection: likeconduction but withconvective or forced fluidmovement over surface

Radiation to surface

Conduction

Forced convection

Renewable Energy Sources


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Renewable Energy Sources1. Large Hydro Power2. Biomass heating

3. Solar Thermal: Lo-Temp4. Wind Turbines5. Small Hydro6. Biomass power7. Ethanol production8. Geothermal heating9. Geothermal power

10.Biodiesel production11.Solar PV grid12.Solar PV off-grid13.Solar Thermal : Hi-temp

14.Ocean Tidal Power

Introduction


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Solar thermal was 0.5% of totalworld energy used in 2006


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Solar Thermal Systems and Principles


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Solar shower is both a

collector and thermal storage

Simple

Low flow Passive

Unpressurized


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Simple DHW system includes flatplate collector w/ storage, heat

exchanger (HX), and auxiliary power

Pressurized

Closed loop



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Drain back systems can use waterin solar loop in cold climates

With pump off, water

drains to holding tank;

air enters collector

May be unpressurized

Wont freeze

Collector and pipes must

slope to ensure waterdrainage

May be constructed

without HX

Drain Back

Store


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arc january 5th

Documents