arabic language influence on the spanish language - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

8/10/2019 Arabic Language Influence on the Spanish Language - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Great Mosque of Crdoba in Crdoba, Spain. In the 10th

century, it was the second-largest mosque in the world.

Arabic language influence on the Spanish languageFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arabic influence on the Spanish languagehas been significant due to the Muslim rulein the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492 AD.

Contents

1 History

2 Lexical influence

2.1 List of words of Arabic origin

2.1.1 A (Ababol to Alguaza)

2.1.2 A (Alhadida to Azumbre)2.1.3 B

2.1.4 C

2.1.5 D, E

2.1.6 F, G

2.1.7 H, I

2.1.8 J, K

2.1.9 L, M

2.1.10 N, O, P, Q

2.1.11 R, S, T

2.1.12 V, X, Y, Z

2.2 Words with a coincidental similarity to Arabic

3 Other influences

4 Toponyms (place names) in Iberia of Arabic origin

4.1 Major towns, cities and regions

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4.2 Geographical features

5 Given names and surnames

6 See also

7 References

8 Suggestions for further research

8.1 Selected reference works and other academic literature

8.2 Selected resource pages of universities and research institutes

9 External links

History

The Spanish language, also called Castilian, is a Romance language that evolved from the Roman Vulgar Latin in central areas of the IberianPeninsula, following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late fifth century. Loan words from Arabic began to filter (beLatinized) intoCastilian as the number of Arabic speakers in the fertile lower reaches of the Ebro valley gradually increased in the 8th and 9th centuries. This lexicalinfluence reached its greatest level during the Christian Reconquista, when the emerging Kingdom of Castile conquered large territories fromMoorish rulers in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries. These territories had large numbers of speakers of Arabic, as well as many who spoke localRomance dialects (Mozarabic language) that were heavily influenced by Arabic. Arabic words and their derivatives were also brought into Castilianby Mozarab Christians who emigrated northwards from Al Andalus in times of sectarian violence, particularly during the times of Almohad andAlmoravid rule in the 12th and 13th centuries.

The degree to which the Arabic language percolated through the Iberian Peninsula varied enormously from one area to another and is the subject ofacademic debate. However, it is generally agreed that Arabic was used among the local elites, Muslim and Christian, and that the prevalentvernacular in many areas was Mozarabic, a continuum of Arabic-influenced local Romance dialects. Only the southern Emirate of Granada in thetime of the Nasrid dynasty, which had had a large influx of Arabic speakers as the Reconquista advanced, became totally Arabized, or at least noevidence of a local Romance in the late Middle Ages has been found.

Much of the Arabic influence upon Spanish came indirectly through the various Arabized Romance dialects that were spoken in areas under Moorishrule, known today by scholars as Mozarabic. This resulted in Spanish often having both Arabic and Latin derived words with the same meaning. Forexample, aceitunaand oliva(olive), alacrnand escorpin(scorpion),jaquecaand migraa(migraine), alcancaand hucha(piggy bank).

The influence of the Arabized Mozarabic and of Arabic itself is more noticeable in the Spanish dialects from regions with a longer history of Moorishdomination than those where it was shorter-lived. For this reason, the dialects of the southern half of the country, known collectively as castellanomeridionalor Southern Castilian, seem collectively to show a higher degree of preference for Arabisms. Northern Spanish dialects tend to prefer


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Romance synonyms to terms of Arabic origin, such as the Romance calendariovs. Arabic almanaque, huchavs. alcanca, espliegovs. alhucema,etc. However, among the southern dialects, Arabic influence does not strictly coincide with the historical retreat of Moorish rule from the Peninsula.For example, Murcian Spanish, a dialect of the south-east, has been shown to contain a much larger number of unique Arabisms than eastern (orupper) Andalusian, which is the dialect of the region with the longest Moorish history. Because Canarian and all Latin American dialects are mainlyderived from Southern Castilian, Spanish words of Arabic origin are all present in most varieties of Modern Spanish.

A number of words were also borrowed from Moroccan Arabic principally as a result of Spain's protectorate over Spanish Morocco in the 19th and

20th centuries, although these are of minor significance.

The Spanish spoken in the Canary Islands has also adopted a small number of words from Hassaniya Arabic, principally from Canarian sailors whofish in proximity to the Saharan coast as well as by those Canarians who returned from Western Sahara after the Green March of 1975.

Lexical influence

The influence of Arabic on the Spanish language is fundamentally lexical but its other influences are also briefly examined in this article. It is

estimated that there are about one thousand Arabic roots, [1][2]and approximately three thousand derived words, for a total of around four thousand

words[1][3][4]or 8%[5]of the Spanish dictionary - the second largest lexical influence on Spanish after Latin. [6]See Influences on the Spanishlanguage for more on how the number of Arabisms in Spanish has been estimated. The exact number of words of Arabic origin and their derivativesin Spanish is not known, and many words not included on this list are regionalisms: words which are used in certain parts of Spain and/or LatinAmerica but are generally unknown elsewhere.

The high point of Arabic word use in Spanish was in late medieval times and has declined since then, but hundreds are still used in normalconversation. The vast majority of these words are nouns, with a limited number of verbs (seven, little used at present), few adjectives and adverbs,and a one preposition, hasta("until"), which may reflect that as wide and very important, this influence did not change the structure of the romance

language.[7]

List of words of Arabic origin

This is an open list of Spanish words acquired directlyfrom Classical and Andalusi Arabic, listed in alphabetical order. This list includes the Spanishmeaning of the word as well as the Arabic etymology. No fixed standard of Arabic transliteration is used.

Rationale for inclusion

Due to the large influence of Arabic on Spanish vocabulary, this list is relatively restrictive:

This list has been edited to include only words which are considered to appertain to the Spanish language and the Hispanic culture and society.


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Arabic words which may be understood by Spanish speakers, but remain foreign to the Hispanic civilisation such as Ayatol, Jihad, or Chiita,

are excluded from this list.

Only words which have passed directly from Arabic are included. Arabic words which entered the Spanish language through other,

non-Iberian, Indo-European languages (such asAyatol,Beduino, Sof, or sorbete) are not included. Included as exceptions to this rule are

lcaliand lgebra, words of Arabic origin which are thought to have entered Spanish through "Low Latin"[8]

as suggested by their initialstress (the Arabic definite article al-is not normally borrowed as a stressed syllable).

Generally, only Spanish root words are listed, derivations not being included. For example, aceite(from az-zeit, oil) is included but not

aceitera, aceitero, aceitnor aceitoso. On the other hand, aceituna(olive) is included since it derives not from az-zeitbut from az-zeitunain

Arabic, even though the root of theArabicword is the same.Aceituno(olive tree), on the other hand, would not be included, since it shares the

same root as aceituna. An exception to this rule may be made when the derived word is much more commonly used than the root word, when

the meaning of the derivative has no evident connection with the root word or when it is not clear that one is derived from the other (e.g. horro

and ahorrar).

Words derived from Mozarabic are not included (Mozarabic being fundamentally a Romance language), unless the Mozarabic word is itself

derived from classical or Andalusi Arabic.

Words acquired from Berber or Hebrew (or other Afro-Asiatic languages) are not included.

The etymology and meaning of most of these words can be verified on the site of the Real Academia de la Lengua Espaola ( http://www.rae.es),although a small minority are only available in other sources or past editions of this dictionary.

Many of these words will be unfamiliar to a number of Spanish speakers because their use is restricted to certain regions or they are no longer inregular use.

A (Ababol to Alguaza)

ababol: Poppy. In Aragon, Navarre, Albacete and Murcia. From Andalusian ArabicHappapwr, a fusion of the Arabic wordHab() "seed"

and the Latinpapver.

1.

abacero: owner of an abacera, small food shop. From Andalusi Arabic *ab azzd() "owner of supplies."2.


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Ababol, poppy

abad: descendant/lineage ofMohammed ben Abad, founder of the Taifa Kingdom of Seville in the 11th

century AD. From Andalusi Arabic 'abbd( ).

3.

abalorio: cheap jewellery or jewellery beads. From Andalusi Arabic al ballri

(made of) glass

From Classical Arabic: billawr. Ultimately from Greek , "beryl"

4.

abarraz: stavesacre (Delphinium staphisagria), a medicinal plant. From Andalusi Arabic bb arrs

".) "head seeds)

5.

abas: pertaining to the Abbasid dynasty, which overthrew the Umayyads in the 8th century.6.

abelmosco: musk seeds, an aromatic plant. From Andalusi Arabic abb al musk() literally

"musk seeds." Classical Arabic: abbu 'l musk.

7.

abencerraje: used in expression: "Zegres y abencerrajes", which means "partisans of opposite interests". TheAbencerrajes(in Arabic aban

as-sarr) was an Arabic family of the Kingdom of Granada, rivals of the Zegres in the 15th century.

8.

abenuz: ebony. From Arabic abanus() of the same meaning.9.

abismal: screw in head of a spear. From Arabic al-mismar() "nail."10.abitaque: a cut of wood used in construction of a certain shape and dimension. From Arabic Tabaqa() "layer" or "intermediate chamber."11.

acebibe: raisin. From Arabiczabib() of the same meaning.12.

acebuche: wild olive tree, or wood from such a tree. From Andalusi Arabic azzabb.13.

aceche: copper, iron or zinc sulphate. From Hisp-Ar. *azzj, < az-zj, < From Classical Arabic .az-zj.14

aceifa: Muslim summer military expedition. From Arabic

/Saif"summer".15.

aceite: oil. From Arabic az-zayt() "oil."16.

aceituna: olive. From Arabic .(az-zaytun) "olive."17

aceitun: precious cloth from the Orient. From Arabic az-zaytuni, a possible adaptation of the Chinese city Ts-Thung.18.

acelga: Chard. From Arabic as-silqaof the same meaning.19.

acmila: beast of burden; tax formerly paid in Spain. From Arabic az-zamilah"beast of burden."20.

acemite: wheat husk; a type of wheat porridge. From Arabic as-samid().21.

acenefasee cenefa.22.

acea: watermill. From Arabic as-saniyah"the lifter."23.

acequia: irrigation canal. From Arabic as-saqiyah()"the irrigator."24.

acerola: fruit of the treesMalpighia emarginataorM. glabra, generally found in the Americas, of the Malpighiaceae family. This should be25.


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differentiated from the European Service Tree (Sorbus domestica), family Rosaceae. From Arabiczu 'rrah(). Originally from Syriac

zarr.

acetre: bucket or cauldron used to extract water from a well; small cauldron used to spray holy water in Christian liturgy. From Arabic as-saTl

.()

26.

aciar: (or acial): instrument used to keep farm-animals still by squeezing their ear or snout. From Arabic az-ziyr.27.

acbar: aloe (both the plant and its bitter juice); bitterness, grief, distaste. From Arabic aS-Sabr().28.acicalar: to clean or polish (Acicalarsein reflexive form); to make oneself look good by combing, shaving etc. From Arabic aS-Siqal, an

instrument used for polishing things.

29.

acicate: spurs or the spikes on spurs; incentive. From Arabic (Muzil) as-siqaT"what takes away weaknesses."30.

acidaque: Muslim dowry. From Arabic as-Sidaq, dowry in Islamic law.31.

acimut: azimuth, an astrological concept - the angle with which the meridian forms a vertical circle which passes through a point in the globe.

From Arabic assumutplural of samt.

32.

acin: handle on the stirrup. From Arabicsuyr(), plural of sayr() "strap."33.acirate: line of soil used to separate different plots of land; path between two lines of trees. From Arabic SirT().34.

acitaraor citara: thin wall, normally on a bridge. From Arabicsitrah(), wall to avoid falls.35.

achacar: to blame. From Arabic tashakk(): to complain or to blame.36.

adafina: pot used by Hebrews to cook. It is buried in embers on Friday night, where it cooks until Saturday. From Arabic: dafina()

"buried."

37.

adalid: leader; general of Spanish militia. From Arabic dalil().38.

adaraja: each of the gaps made by the bricks in a horizonally unfinished wall. From daraja().39.

adarga: leather shield. From Arabic daraqah.40.

adrgama:(rarely used today) flour. From Arabic darmaka.41.

adarme: small portion of something; type of measurement. From Arabic dirham().42.

adarvar: to shock. From Arabic darb() "blow."43.

adarve: wall of a fortress; protection, defense. From Arabic darb()44.

adaza: sorghum. From Arabic duqsah.45.

adefera: a small, square wall or floor tile. From Arabic add-ddafeera.46.

adehala: that which is granted or taken as obligatory with the price in the leasing or sale of a property. From Mozarabic ad ihalaand originally47.


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from Arabic ihala"offering credit."

adelfa: oleander. From Arabic ad-difla() of the same meaning.48.

ademn: gesticulation which expresses the will to do something. From Arabic aD-Daman(), literally meaning legal guarantees. The

change of meaning is due to the exaggerated promises and gesticulations which were offered in such a plea.

49.

ademe: wooden structures used to strengthen tunnels in mines. From Arabic di'mah.50.

aderra: cord used to press grapes or olives in order to obtain their juice. From Andalusi Arabic ad-dirraa noose or cord used to punish thosewho were guilty of fraud.

51.

adiafa: present or refreshment given to sailors when back from a voyage. From Arabic Diyafa() "present of hospitality."52.

adivas: a disease provoking throat inflammation in animals. From Arabic aD-Dibbah"wolverine" - which is the old Arabic name for this

disease.

53.

adive: a type of canid similar to a fox. From Arabic di'b().54.

adobe: brick made from clay. From Arabic at-tuba(from Coptic tbe) of the same meaning, and from ad-dabba.55.

adoqun: paving-stone, cobble; block. From ArabicDukkanbench of rock or wood.56.ador: in regions where water for irrigation is restricted and shared out by local authorities, irrigation-time for each farm/field. From Arabic

dawr.

57.

aduana: customs house; customs. From Arabic diwan().58.

aduar: semi-permanent rural settlement, normally used for Gypsies, bedouins or Amerindians in South America. From Bedouin Arabic

duwwar.

59.

adcar: type of silk made from the outside of the silk-worm's cocoon. From Andalusi Arabic Haduqa.60.

adufe:tambourine used by Spanish Muslims. From ArabicDuff().61.

adul: in Morocco, asessor of the Cad. From Arabic adl"trustworthy person."62.

adula: see dula.63.

adunia: (adverb) lots. From Andalusi Arabic addunya, originally from classical Arabic duniya() "the (whole) world."64.

adutaque: same meaning as adrgama. From Arabic duqaq() "fine flour."65.

afn: effort; desire; zeal. From afanar.66.

afanar: to steal; to work with passion. From Arabicfanaa( ) "extinction", "annihilation through passion."67.

aguajaque: the whitish resin of fennel. From Arabic aw-washaq"contaminated with water."68.

agela: Renta de los derechos sobre prstamos consignados en documento pblico. From Arabic Hawalah.69.


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Ajedrez, chess

ajabeba: Moorish flute. From Classical Arabic sabbabah.70.

ajaquefa: Roof. Same origin asAzaquefa.71.

ajaraca: Ornamental loop in Andalusian and Arabic architecture. From Andalusi Arabic Ash-sharakah"loop".72.

ajarafe: terrace. From Classical Arabic saraf"commanding height."73.

ajebe: Alum; Para rubber tree. From Arabic as-Shabb.74.

ajedrea: plant in the genus Satureja(family Lamiaceae), about three decimeters in height, with many branches and dark, narrow leaves. It iscultivated as an ornamental in gardens. From Arabic assariyyaor assiriyya, ultimately from Latin satureia.

75.

ajedrez: chess. From Arabic ash shatranj() which is from Persian Shatranjfrom the Sanskrit

Chaturang(four armed) as was the shape of the original chess board in India

76.

ajenuz: nutmeg flower or Roman Coriander (Nigella sativa). From Andalusi Arabic Shanuzand

ultimately Classical Arabic Shuniz.

77.

ajimez: bent; window divided in the center by a vertical divider; salient balcony done of wood and with

lattice windows. From Arabic samis.

78.

ajomate: pluricellular alga formed by very thin filaments, without knots, bright and of intense green

color. It abounds in fresh waters of Spain. From Classical Arabic gumam.

79.

ajonjol: sesame; herbaceous, annual plant of the family of the Pedaliaceae, a meter high, straight stem,

serrate and almost triangular leaves, white or rosy corolla, and fruit with four delicate, yellowish, oily

and edible capsules and many seeds. From Classical Arabic gulgulan"sesame."

80.

ajorca: bangle; type of gold hoop, silver or another metal, used by the women to adorn the wrists, arms or the feet. From Classical Arabic

shuruk, ultimately from the wordshirk"strap."

81.

ajorrar: To drag, to tow. See Jorro.82.

ajuagas: equine animal ulcers. From Classical Arabic shuqaq.83.

ajuar: a collection of household and personal items (clothes, furniture, jewelry etc...) which women in Spain traditionally prepare from a

young age for the day in which they marry and move in with their husband. From Arabic Shawar.

84.

alacena: cupboard. From Classical Arabiciznah().85.

alacet: foundation of a building. From Classical Arabic asas().86.

alacrn: scorpion. From Classical Arabic aqrab() of same meaning.87.

aladar: Tuft of hair which falls on either side of the head. From Arabic idar.88.





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Alacrn, scorpion

aladroque: Anchovy. From Andalusi ArabicAl Hatruk, "big mouthed".89.

alafa: wage; pay. From Classical Arabic alafah"subsistence allowance."90.

alafia: grace; pardon; mercy. From Andalusian Arabic al afyaultimately from Classical Arabic

afiyah() "health."

91.

alahlca: tapestry to adorn the walls. Perhaps of alailacafrom Andalusian Arabic ilaqa, and this

of Classical Arabic ilqah() perhaps meaning "hanger."

92.

alajor: Tax which was paid to owners of land where buildings were built. From ArabicAshur,

period of ten days before Easter when debts were paid and alms were given.

93.

alaj: Andalusian cake made of almonds, nuts, pine nuts, bread, spices and cooked honey. From al Hashu"filling".94.

alamar: A type of decorative attachment which is buttoned on clothing. From Andalusi Arabic Alam, decoration (in clothes).95.

alambique: alembic. From Arabic al-anbiq"the cup/container holding water", in turn fr Greek.96.

alambor: Two meanings in Spanish with two different etymologies. 1)Embankment, from Andalusi Arabic Harabul "rim", from classical

Arabic verbHawwala, "to alter". 2) Type of Orange tree. From Catalan l'ambor, singular of els zambors, derived from Andalusi ArabicAzzambu.

97.

alamn: Village judge who decided on irrigation distribution or official who measured weights. From Arabic al amin.98.

alamud: Steel bar used to close windows. From Arabic amud.99.

alaqueca: A type of blood-coloured quartz. From Arabic 'aqiq.100.

alrabe: Arab. From Andalusi Arabic (maintaining the definite article al arabi.101.

alarde/alardear: To boast/to show off. From Arabic ,show (Alaard .)102

alarife: 1)Architect 2) Builder (in mining) 2) Astute or quick witted person (in Argentina and Uruguay). From Arabic al 'arif: The expert.103.

alarije (uva): A type of grape. From Arabic al'aris.104.

alaroz: Crossbar which divides a window or a door. From Arabic al'arud: Obstacle placed to block entry.105.

alaroza: Fiance or newly wed wife. From Arabic Andalusi Arabic al arusa.106.

alatar: Drug, spice or perfume dealer. From Arabic al attar.107.

alatrn: Nitrate foam. From Arabic nattrun.108.

alazn/alazano: Reddish cinnamon coloured. (Used commonly to describe horses). From Arabic al ashab.109.

alazor: safflower. From Arabic al usfur.110.

albacara: Wall around a fortress (within which cattle were normally kept. From Arabic bab al-baqqaraThe cattle door. baqara() means111.





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"cow" in Arabic.

albacea: executor (of a will). From Andalusi Arabic Sahb al Wassiya(); "the owner of the will".112.

albacora: Albacore. From Arabic al-bakura"premature" or al-bakrah"young camel."113.

albadena: Type of tunic or silk dress. From Arabic badan: Type of shirt which covers the torso.114.

albahaca: Basil. From Arabic habaqah.115.

albaho: Pale yellowish colour (used commonly for cattle). From Arabic bahi: Shining.116.albal: Official document. From Arabic al bara'ah.117.

albaida: Anthyllis cystoides (Flowering plant). From Arabic al baida: "The white one".118.

albanega:1) Net used for hair. 2) Rabbit trap. From Arabic al baniqa.119.

albaal: Sewer. From Andalusi Arabic al ball: "Swallower".120.

albail: Construction worker. From Andalusi Arabic al banni. Originally from classical Arabic banna.121.

albaqua: The remainder. From Arabic al-baqi() of the same meaning.122.

albarn: Invoice. From Arabic al-bara'ah.123.albarazo: Vitiligo. From Andalusi ArabicAl-Barash.124.

albarda: Pack-saddle. From Arabic al-barda'ah.125.

albardn: Clown or fool. From Andalusi Arabic albardn: "insolent". Originally from Classical Arabic bardan: "Idiot (Cold headed)".126.

albardn: Plant endemic to the Spanish steppes, similar in nature and use to Esparto. From Arabic "al-bardi": "papyrus".127.

albaricoque: Apricot. From Arabic al-barqouq() "plum" or "early-ripe."128.

albarrada: 1) Same meaning as alcarraza(Clay vase). 2) Stone Wall. From Arabic al-barradah: "the cooler".129.

albarrn: 1) Farm boy 2) Shepherd 3)Person with no fixed residence. From Andalusi Arabic al-barrani: "Outsider".130.

albatoza: Small, covered boat. From Arabic al-gattosha: grebe (Due to the Arabic custom of giving names of birds to vessels.131.

albayalde: Cerrusite. From Arabic al-bayad.132.

albitar: Vet. From Arabic al-baytar.133.

albenda: Decorated white linen. From Arabic al-band.134.

alberca: Water deposit for irrigation. In Mexico and Honduras it is also the term of choice for swimming pool. From Arabic al-birka.135.

albrchigo: Apricot tree. From Andalusi Arabic albershiq.136.

albihar: Mayweed. From ArabicAl-Bahar.137.

albitana: 1)Fence to protect plants in gardening. 2) Prolongation of the keel or stern post of a ship. From Arabic al-bitana.138.


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alboaire: The craft of decorating churches and domes with "azulejos". From Andalusi Arabic al buhaira: Lagoon.139.

albogue: Single-reed clarinet used in Spain. From Arabic al-bq(): The horn or the trumpet.140.

alboheza: Malva, from Andalusi ArabicHubayza.141.

albohol: Morning glory, from Andalusi Arabic al hubuul: "rope".142.

albolln: Drainage or sewage. From MozarabicBallanand ultimately from Classical Arabic balla'ah.143.

albndiga: Meatball; ball. From Arabic al-bunduqa() "the ball."144.albrbola: Joy, celebratory noise. From Arabic walwalah.145.

alborga: Matweed sandal. From Arabic albla146.

alborna: A type of large vase. From Arabic barniya.147.

albornoz: Bath-robe. From al-burnos(); "bathrobe".148.

alborona: A type of Andalusian vegetable stew. From Arabic al buranniya"Buran's (stew)." Buran was the wife of Caliph Ma'moun.149.

alboroque: 1) A present or prize given in exchange of a service. 2) The kind treatment and lavish attention offered and received in anticipation

of a commercial transaction. From Andalusi Arabic al-borok, possibly ultimately from Classical Arabic arbun.

150.

alboroto: Riot, joy. Comes from arabism alborozo(joy), from andalus-arab al-burzderived from Classical Arabic al-burz, "military parade

previous to a campaign".

151.

alborozo:Extreme chaos or happiness. From Andalusi ArabicAl buruz: Military parade prior to an expedition.152.

albotn: Turpentine Tree. From Arabic butmof the same meaning.153.

albricias: 1) Term used to congratulate someone. 2) Present or gift provided to a bringer of good news. From ArabicBushra.154.

albudeca: A bad watermelon. From Andalusi Arabic al batiHa.155.

albufera: Lagoon. From Arabic al buhaira.156.

albur: This term has a wide range of meanings: 1) Flathead mullet (Spain and Cuba), 2) a card combination in a card game known as Banca, 3)

a chance occurrence on which an enterprise hedges its bets, 4) an expression which has a double or hidden meaning (Mexico and Dominican

Republic) 4)an amourous affair (Nicaragua), 5) a lie, slander or rumour (Puerto Rico and Honduras). From Arabic al-boori.

157.

alcabala: 1) A tax on commercial transactions. 2) Police checkpoint outside cities and on main roads (Colombia and Venezuela). From

Andalusi Arabic al qabala.

158.

alcabor: Hollow interior of a chimeney or oven. From Arabic al qabw.159.

alcabtea: A type of linen. From Arabic al qubtiya, meaning "egyptian" or "coptic".160.

alcacelor alcacer: 1) Green Barley 2) A Barley field. From Arabic al qasil.161.





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alcachofa: Artichoke. From al-arshoofof the same meaning.162.

alcaduz: Water pipe. From Arabic Qds() meaning "water-wheel scoop"163.

alcafar: Limbs of a cuadruped (normally a horse). From Arabic al kafal.164.

alcahaz: Birdcage. From Arabic qafa() of the same meaning165.

alcahuete: Accomplice, a person who helps another in a love affair, specially an illicit one; gossipy person. Alcahuete comes from hispanic

arabic alqawwad(the messenger), and this from Classical Arabic qawwad. This "messenger" carried messages to a married woman's lover. Byextension it became commonly known as any person who sets up a love affair, generally illicit.

166.

alcaicera: In Granada and other towns of the former Nasarid Kingdom, an establishment where silk farmers presented their produce under the

rights reserved to the Muslim rulers. From Andalusi ArabicAl-Qaysariya, originally from the Latin Cesarea.

167.

alcaide: Alcaide is a term which historically referred to various positions of government authority. In modern Spanish it most commonly refers

to a prison warden. From Arabic al qa'id, "military commander".

168.

alcalde: Mayor. From Arabic al-qadi(the judge). Qadicomes from the verb qada(to judge).169.

lcali: alkali. From Arabic qalawi() of the same meaning.170.alcaller: Clay artisan or his helper. From Andalusi Arabic al qallal.171.

alcamiz: An obsolete term referring to a list of soldiers. Its etymology is an erroneous transmision of at-taymiz, "Military inspection" in

Andalusi Arabic and "Distinction" in Classical Arabic.

172.

alcamonas: Seeds used in spice mixes such as anisseed or cumin. It is also a now obsolete expression referring to the act of hiding things.

From Arabic kammuniya, a cumin-based concoction.

173.

alcana: Henna or Henna tree. From Arabic,Hinna.174.

alcan: Commercial street or neighbourhood. From Arabic qanaah: Drains or water pipes.175.

alcanca: Clay money box, penny or piggy bank. From Andalusi Arabic alkanzyya, derived from classical Arabic kanz: treasure.176.

alcndara: Hook used to hang clothes or fowl. From Arabic Kandarah.177.

alcanda: Sorghum. From Andalusi Arabic qatniyya.178.

alcandora: A type of shirt. From Arabic qandura.179.

alcanera: A now obsolete rural term for a type of artichoke. From Andalusi Arabic al-qannariya, an Arabic rendering of the Latin cannaria.180.

alcanfor: Camphor. From Andalusi ArabicAl-Kafur.181.

alcntara/alcantarilla: drain; From Arabic al-qantarahmeaning bridge.182.

alcaparra: caper. From Andalusian Arabic al-kaparra. Via Latin and Greek.183.





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alcaravn184.

alcaravea185.

alcarcea186.

alcarraza187.

alcarria:188.

alcatanes189.alcatara (or alquitara)190.

alcatifa191.

alcatraz: Cormorant. From Arabic al-qars, meaning sea eagle.192.

alcaucil, artichoke. From Spanish Arabic: alqabsl[a], that comes from mozarab diminutive kapia, and this from Spanish Latin: captia,

head. (Standard latin, Caput-itis)

193.

alcavela194.

alcazaba: palace. From Arabic al-qasbah, (), "the quarter".195.alczar: citadel; palace. From Arabic al-qasr() "the citadel."196.

alcazuz (or orozuz)197.

alcoba: alcove. From Arabic al-qubba"the vault" or "the arch."198.

alcohela199.

alcohol: from Arabic al-kuhul() fine powder of antimony sulfide used as eye makeup.200.

alcoholar201.

alcolla202.

alcor203.

alcora204.

alcorc205.

alcorque206.

alcorza207.

alcotn208.

alcotana209.

alcrebite210.



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alcuacil211.

alcubilla212.

alcua213.

alcuza214.

alcuzcuz215.

alchub216.aldaba217.

aldea/aldeano: Village/Villager.218.

aldiza219.

alefriz220.

aleja221.

alejija222.

alema223.alerce224.

aletra225.

aleve/alevoso/alevosa226.

aleya227.

alfaba228.

alfbega229.

alfada230.

alfaguara: Geyser. From Arabicfawwra(): spout, fountain, jet d'eau231.

alfahar/alfaharera232.

alfaida233.

alfajeme234.

alfajor: Sweet almond shortbread. From Spanish Arabicfar, and this from Persian afor(juice).235.

alfalfa: alfalfa. From Arabic al-fafaaliterally "the best kind of fodder"236.

alfaneque (two meanings, a type of bird, from Arabic al-fanakand a tent from Berber afarag)237.

alfanje: A type of sword. From The Arabic al-janyar "dagger"238.





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alfaque239.

alfaqueque240.

alfaqu241.

alfaqun242.

alfaraz243.

alfarda (two meanings from al-fardaand from al-fardda)244.alfarero: potter245.

alfardn246.

alfareme247.

alfarje248.

alfarrazar249.

alfaya250.

alfayate251.alfazaque252.

alfizar: Window ledge. From Arabic al-Hayzar"the one which takes possession".253.

alfeique254.

alfereca255.

alferez256.

alferraz257.

alferza258.

alficoz259.

alfil: bishop, in chess. From Arabic al-feel() "the elephant."260.

alfilel/alfiler261.

alfinge262.

alfitete263.

alfiz264.

alfol265.

alfombra(two meanings from al-jumraand al-humra)266.

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alfncijo: pistachio. From Arabic al-fustuq.267.

alfndega268.

alforfn269.

alforja: saddlebag. From Arabic al-khurj( .) "saddle-bag", portmanteau270

alforre271.

alforrocho272.alforza273.

alfstigo274.

alfoz: Neighborhood, district. From Arabic hauz() meaning "Precinct" or "City limits"275.

algaba276.

algadara277.

algaida278.

algalaba279.algalia280.

algalife281.

algar282.

algara283.

algarada284.

algaraba: incomprehensible talk; gabble; gibberish. From Arabic al-'arabiya: "Arabic".285.

algarivo286.

algarazo: Short rainstorm. From Arabic al 'ard: "cloud".287.

algarrada288.

algarrobo: carob. From Arabic al-kharouba"the carob."289.

algavaro290.

algazafn291.

algazara292.

algazul293.

lgebra: algebra. From the name of al-Khwarizmi' book Hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala"The Calculus of Subtraction and Equality."294.



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algecireo295.

algodn, "cotton", from Arabic "al-qun ()", meaning "the cotton"296.

algorfa297.

algoritmo, algorithm, that comes from the name of Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, , famous mathematician.298.

algorza:299.

alguacil, "Sheriff", from Arabic "al-wazr ()", meaning "Minister"300.alguaquida: fuel for a fire. From Arabic waqda() meaning "Fuel"301.

alguaza: Window or door hinge.From Arabic wasl"juncture".302.

A (Alhadida to Azumbre)

alhadida: Old Spanish term for Hadith.1.

alhaite: jewel. From Arabic al hayt"string".2.

alhaja: jewel. From Arabic al-hagah"the valuable thing."3.

alhamar: Red matress or bed cover. From Arabic hanbal: fur bedcover. also from Arabic Alhamar/Al-Ahmar (the red)4.

alhamel: (Andalusian Spanish) Beast of burden or human porter. From Arabic hammal.5.

alham: Stone bench normally covered with azulejos. Refers to the Grenadine town of Alhama.6.

alhandal: Colocynth. From ArabicAlhandhal.7.

alhana: 1) Bedroom 2) cupboard 3) A type of small mattress. From Andalusi Arabic al haniyya: Alcove.8.

alhaqun: Weaver. From Arabic pluralAl Hayikeen. Weavers.9.

alharaca: Violent reaction to a small issue. From Arabic haraka.10.alhavara: Flour. From Arabic huwara.11.

alhel: Aegean Wallflower. From Arabic hiri.12.

alhea: Spanish word for Henna and the plant from which it is derived.13.

alholva:Fenugreek. From Arabic hulbah-14.

alhor: Same meaning and etymology as more commonly used term Alfol.15.

alhorre: 1) Feaces of newly born child. From Arabic hur: feaces. 2)Skin rash common in babies. Commonly used in expression yo te curar el

alhorrewhen threatening to beat a child. From Arabic Shakatu el hurr, skin infection.

16.





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alhorra: (or ahorra): Expression used for when a slave is freed. From Arabic al-hurriya: Freedom.17.

alhucema: Lavender. From Arabic: huzama.18.

alhucea: Woodruff. From Arabic uhshina.19.

aliara: Drinking horn. From Andalusian Arabic al fiyara.20.

alicante: Vernacular name of two different types of posionous snakes present in Spain and Northern Mexico respectively. From Arabic al

aqrab: scorpion.

21.

alicatar: To till. From Arabic qat"to cut".22.

alicate: Pliers. From Arabic laqaat: "tongs.23.

alidada: Alidade. From Andalusian Arabic: al'idada.24.

alifa: (Used in Andalusian and Mexican Spanish) Sugar cane which is two years old. From Arabic halifa: "successor".25.

alifafe: 1)Light indisposition. 2) Type of tumor which develops on the legs of horses from excessive work. From Arabic: ifash: Sowing bag.26.

alifara27.

alijar28.alimara29.

alioj30.

alirn31.

alizace32.

alizar33.

aljaba34.

aljabibe35.

aljama36.

aljama/aljamiado: Medieval Romance Spanish or Mozarabic written in Arabic script.37.

aljaraz38.

aljarfa39.

aljbana40.

aljerife41.

aljez42.

aljibe43.

ab c a guage ue ce o t e Spa s a guage W ped a, t e ee e cyc oped a ttp://e .w ped a.o g/w / ab c_ a guage_ ue ce_o _t e_Spa s _ a guage


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aljfar/aljofarar44.

aljofifa45.

aljor (or aljez)46.

aljuba47.

aljuma48.

aagaza49.almacabra50.

almacn: deposit, dry goods store. From Arabic al-majzanof makhzan() "the storage" or "the depot."51.

almacera52.

almciga53.

almadn54.

almdena55.

almada56.almadraba: Tuna fishing in Andalusia and particularly in Cadiz province. From Andalusi Arabic Al-madraba, "place where one beats

something or fights", in reference to the fishing technique.

57.

almadraque58.

almagazn59.

almagra60.

almahala61.

almaizar62.

almaja63.

almajaneque64.

almajar65.

almajara66.

almalafa67.

almanaque: almanac (see etymology section in the article for further discussion). From Arabic al-manakh() "the climate." Or possibly

from Greek almenichiakon"calendar."

68.

almacebe69.

g g p g g p , y p p p g _ g g _ _ _ _ p _ g g




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almarada70.

almarbate71.

almarcha72.

almarjo73.

almarr74.

almarraja or almarraza75.almrtaga (two meanings, from al-marta'aand al martak)76.

almstica77.

almatroque78.

almazara: olive press. From Arabic "al-ma3Sara" (), "juicer".79.

almazarrn80.

almea (two meanings, from almay'aand 'alima)81.

almeja82.almenara (two meanings, from al-manaraand al-minhara)83.

almez84.

almbar85.

almicantarat86.

almijar87.

almijara88.

almijarra89.

almimbar90.

alminar91.

almiraj/almiraje/almiral92.

almirez93.

almirn: Dandelion. From Andalusian Arabic: al Mirun.94.

almizate95.

almizcle/almizque96.

almocadn97.

g g p g g p , y p p p g _ g g _ _ _ _ p _ g g




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almocafre98.

almocrabe99.

almoceda100.

almocrebe101.

almocr102.

almodn103.almfar104.

almofariz105.

almofa106.

almofrej/almofrez107.

almogama108.

almogvar109.

almohada: Pillow, from Arabic al-makhadawith the same meaning.110.almohade111.

almoharrefa112.

almohaza113.

almojbana114.

almojama (see mojama)115.

almojarife116.

almojaya117.

almona118.

almoneda119.

almoraduj/almoradux120.

almorvide:121.

almor122.

almorona: See alborona.123.

almotacn124.

almotalafe125.

g g p g g p y p p p g g g p g g




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almotazaf/almotazn126.

almozala/almozalla127.

almud128.

almudano129.

almuerzo130.

almunia131.alpargata132.

alpechn133.

alpiste134.

alquera: farmhouse. From Arabic al-qaria"the village."135.

aloque136.

aloqun137.

alpargata138.alquequenje139.

alquera140.

alquermes141.

alquerque (Two meanings from al-qirqand al-qariq)142.

alquez143.

alquezar144.

alquibla145.

alquicel146.

alquilar: Rent.147.

alquimia148.

alquinal149.

alquitira150.

alquitrn151.

alrota152.

altabaca153.


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altama154.

altramuz155.

alubia: pea bean156.

aludel157.

aluquete/luquete158.

alloza159.amn160.

mbar161.

mel162.

amn163.

amir164.

anacalo165.

anacora166.anafaga167.

anafalla/anafaya168.

anafe169.

anaquel170.

andorra171.

andrajo172.

anea173.

anejir174.

anorza175.

anteba176.

aacal177.

aacea/aacear178.

aafea179.

aafil180.

aagaza181.




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aascar182.

aazme183.

aicos184.

ail (ultimately from Sanskrit nilah"dark blue")185.

arab186.

arancel187.arbelln/arbolln188.

arch189.

argadillo190.

argamandel191.

argamula192.

argn193.

argel194.argolla195.

arguello/arguellarse196.

arije197.

arimez198.

arjorn199.

arnad200.

arrab201.

arrabal202.

arracada203.

arrez204.

arrayn205.

arrecife206.

arrejaque/arrejacar207.

arrelde208.

arrequife209.




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arrequive210.

arriate211.

arrics212.

arroba213.

arrobda214.

arrocabe215.arrope216.

arroz: Rice.217.

scar/scari218.

asequi219.

asesino: assassin. From Arabic hashshshin"someone who is addicted to hashish (marijuana)." Was originally used to refer to the followers of

the Persian Hassan-i-Sabah (), the Hashshashin.

220.

atabaca221.atabal222.

atabe223.

atacar: to tie, to button up. From Andalusi Arabic tkka, originally from classical Arabic tikkah, ribbon used to fasten clothes.224.

atacir225.

atafarra/ataharre226.

atafea227.

atahona228.

atahorma229.

ataifor230.

ataire231.

atalaya232.

atalvina233.

atambor234.

atanor235.

atanqua236.




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ataracea237.

atarazana238.

atarfe239.

atarjea240.

atarraga241.

atarraya242.atad: Coffin.243.

atauja244.

ataurique245.

atifle246.

atijara247.

atncar248.

atoba249. atocha250.

atracae251.

atoque252.

atraca/atriaca253.

atn: Tuna.254.

atuta255.

auge: Surge/rise.256.

aulaga257.

avera258.

ayatol259.

azabache260.

azabara261.

azacn262.

azacaya263.

azache264.




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azafate/azafata265.

azafrn: saffron. From Arabicza'firanof the same meaning. Perhaps from safra"yellow."266.

azahar: White flower, especially from the orange tree. From Spanish Arabic azzahr, and this from Classic Arabiczahr, flowers267.

azal268.

azamboa269.

azndar270.azaque: from Arabic zakt (Arabic: [zk], "that which purifies"[1]). See article zakat.271.

azaquefa: Covered portico or patio. From Andalusi Arabic assaqifa, portico.272.

azar: luck; chance. From Arabic az-zahr"the dice." or North African Arabic az-zhar"luck".273.

azarbe274.

azarcn275.

azarja276.

azarnefe277. azarote278.

azfar279.

azofra/azofrar280.

azogue (two meanings: from az-za'uqand from as-suq)281.

azolvar282.

azorafa283.

azote: Smacking, beating, scourge. From Arabic Sawt.284.

azotea: Flat roof or terrace. From Andalusi Arabic assutyha, diminutive of sath, terrace in classical Arabic.285.

azoya286.

azcar: sugar. From Arabic () sukkarof the same meaning.287.

azucar288.

azucena289.

azuche290.

azud291.

azufaifa/azufaifo292.




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azul: Blue. Derived from ArabicAzraq().293.

azulaque (or zulaque)294.

azulejo295.

azmbar296.

azumbre: Measurement for liquids equivalent to around two litres. From Del Andalusi Arabic aTTmn, and this from classical Arabic:

Tum[u]n, "an eighth".

297.

B

babismo: Babism. From Arabic "door."1.

babucha: Slippers. From ArabicBaboush, derived from Persian "Papoosh" literally meaning "foot covering". The transition from Persian "p"

to Arabic "b" occurs due to lack of the letter p in the Arabic alphabet. "Pa-" in Persian means foot and "poosh" means covering. Persian "pa" or

foot shares the same root with other Indo-European languages, i.e. Latin pede[m], French "pied", Spanish "pie" and "pata",etc.

2.

badal: Cut of meat from the back and ribs of cattle, close to the neck. From Andalusi Arabic bad'a"Calf muscle" derived from classical Arabicbad'ah"piece".

3.

badn: Trunk of an animal. From Arabic badan.4.

badana: 1) Sheepskin, 2) hat lining 3) Lazy person. From Arabic bitana, "lining".5.

badea: 1) Watermelon or Melon of bad quality. 2) Insipid cucumber 3) Weak person 4) Unimportant thing. From Arabic battiha: "bad melon".6.

badn: Dip in land, road, sidewalk or ford. From Arabic batin: Sunken (land).7.

bagarino: Free or hired sailor, as opposed to a press-ganged or enslaven one. Same origin as bahar.8.

bagre: a freshwater fish that has no scales and has a chin. From Arabic baghiror baghar.9.bahar: Bird of prey. From Arabic bahri: "from the sea".10.

baja: pasha, Turkish officer or governor of high rank. From Arabic bashaultimately from Turkishpashaof the same meaning.11.

balad: 1) Unimportant thing or matter. 2) Something of the land our country. From Arabic baladiy"From the country".12.

balaj/balaje: Purple ruby. From ArabicBalahshi: From Balahshan (region in central Asia where these stones are found).13.

balate14.

balda (and baldo)15.

baldar16.




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balde: 1)Free. 2) without cause or 3) in vain. from Arabic batil"false" or "useless."17.

bancal18.

bao19.

baraka20.

barbacana21.

barcino22.bardaje23.

bardoma/bardomera24.

barragn25.

barrio/barriada: Area, district or neighbourhood in a town. From Arabic barri"outside".26.

bata (either from Arabic battof French ouate)27.

batn28.

batea29.

baurac30.

bayal31.

belez32.

bellota: acorn, the fruit or seed of the oak tree. From Arabic ballutaof the same meaning.33.

ben34.

benimern35.

benjui36.

berber37.

berbers38.

bereber39.

berenjena/berenjenal40.

bezaar/bezoar41.

biznaga42.

bocac43.

bodoque/bodocal44.




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bfeta45.

brax46.

born47.

borona48.

botor49.

buja50.bulbul51.

burche52.

buz53.

buzaque54.

C

cabila: tribe of Berbers or Bedouins. From Arabic qabila"tribe."1.cachera2.

cad3.

cadira4.

caf: coffee. From qahwa() of the same meaning.5.

cfila6.

cafiz (or cahiz)7.

cafre8.caftn9.

cid (same origin as alcaide)10.

caimacn11.

cala12.

calabaza: Pumpkin or squash. From Arabic qerabat(), plural of qerbah(), meaning wineskin.13.

calafate/calafatear14.

calahorra15.




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cal (same root as lcali)16.

clibo/calibre17.

cambuj18.

camocn19.

canana-cartridge belt20.

cncana/cancanilla21.cncano22.

cande (in azcar cande)23.

canfor24.

caraba25.

crabe26.

crabo: owl; dog. Taken from qaraaband kalb"dog", respectively.27.

caracoa28.

caramida29.

caramuzal30.

caravana31.

caravasar32.

carcajada/carcajear33.

carcax34.

carmen/carme: From Spanish Arabic krm, and this from Classic Arabic karm, vine.35.

carmes: crimson. From quirmizi36.

carmn37.

carraca38.

carrafa39.

crtama/crtamo40.

catn41.

catifa42.

cazurro43.




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cebiche44.

cebt45.

ceca46.

cedoaria47.

cegatero48.

cegr49.ceje50.

celem/celemn/celeminero51.

cenacho52.

cendolilla53.

cenefa54.

ceneque55.

cen56.

cenia57.

cenit58.

cequ59.

cerbatana60.

cero: zero. From sifrof the same meaning.61.

cets62.

ceut63.

chafariz64.

chafarote65.

chaleco66.

charrn67.

chifla68.

chilaba (from Moroccan Arabic)69.

chiquero70.

chiriva71.

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cora100.

Corn: from qur'aan(), the Muslim holy book.101.

corbacho102.

corma103.

cotona104.

cubeba105.crcuma106.

curdo107.

cuscuta108.

D, E

dado: die (cube or stamp). From Classical Arabic a'dad"numbers."1.

daga - dagger2.dahr3.

daifa4.

dante5.

darga (or adarga)-shield6.

drsena-dock/basin7.

daza8.

derviche9.descafilar10.

destartalado11.

dey12.

dirham13.

divn-divan/couch14.

droga-drug15.

druso16.




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dula/dular17.

edris18.

ejarbe19.

elche20.

elem21.

embelecar/embeleco22.emir (or amir)23.

encaramar24.

enchufar/enchufe: 1) To plug in/plug; 2) To connect, 3) to offer an unmerited job or a post through personal connections. From Andalusi

ArabicJufderived from Classical ArabicJawf: stomach; internal cavity.

25.

engarzar-to set/thread26.

enjalma27.

enjarje28.

enjeco29.

escabeche: Pickle or marinade. From Arabic as-sukbaj. Originally from Persian Sekba.30.

escafilar (see descafilar)31.

escaque/escaquear32.

espinaca-spinach33.

exarico34.

F, G

faca1.

falagar2.

falca3.

falleba4.

faltriquera-pocket5.

fala/faluca6.




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fanega/hanega7.

fanfarrn8.

faranga (or haragn), lazy, idler, loafer9.

farda10.

fardacho11.

farfn12.frfara13.

farnaca14.

farota15.

farruco: Insolent or "cocky". From Andalusian Arabic Farrouj: Cock.16.

fels17.

fetua18.

fez19.

fideo20.

filel21.

foceifiza22.

fondol23.

fondac/fonda24.

foz25.

fulano, "any one" without naming, X of people. Arabic: Fulan.26.

fustal27.

fustete28.

gabn29.

gabela30.

gacel/gacela31.

gafet32.

galacho33.

galanga34.




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galbana35.

glibo36.

galima37.

gandula/gandula38.

gaan39.

garbi: Sirocco wind.40.garama41.

garbino42.

gardacho43.

garfa44.

grgol45.

garra46.

garrafa47.

garrama48.

garroba49.

gazpacho50.

gil51.

gomer52.

granad53.

grisgrs54.

guadamac55.

gujara56.

gujete57.

guala58.

guarismo59.

guifa60.

guilla61.

guma62.




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gurapas63.

H, I

habiz: Donation of real estate under certain conditions to muslim religious institutions. From Classical Arabic: abs: amortized.1.

habs: Same meaning as "Habiz" is Morroco. From Arabic ubs: Property belonging to the deceased used for charity.2.

hachs: Hashish. From Classical ArabicHashish": Grass.3.

hacino: Miser or From Andalusian Arabic azn".4.

hadruba: Hump (on someone's back): From Andalusian Arabic adbba.5.

hafiz: Guard or Minder. From Andalusian Arabic fi.6.

hlara: (Same meaning and etymology as "Frfara") 1) Interior lining of egg. 2) Coldsfoot. Form Andalusian Arabic: falalla.7.

hamud: Descendants of Ali Ben Hamud, founders of the Mlaga and Algericas Taifas during the 11th century.8.

haragn: 1) Someone who refuses to work. 2) In Cuba and Venezuela, a type of mop. From Andalusian Arabic: khra kan: "Was shit".9.

harambel: See "arambel".10.harbar11.

harn12.

harma13.

harn14.

Hasan15.

hasta: "Until". From Arabic hatta(same meaning). Influenced by Latin phrase 'ad ista' [9]16.

hataca17.hazaa18.

he: Adverb used in following manner: "he aqu/ah/all": Here it is/there it is. From Arabic haa.[9]19.

hgira20.

hobacho/hobacha21.

holgazn: Lazy person. From Arabic Kaslan. Influenced byHolgar.22.

holgar23.

hoque/oque24.




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horro/horra25.

imam, imn26.

imela27.

islam28.

J, K

jabal: Wild Boar. From Arabicjebeli: From the mountains. Perhaps originally from Khanzeer Jebel: Mountain Pig.1.

jabaln2.

jbega3.

jabeca4.

jabeque5.

jab: A type of apple and type of grape. From Andalusi Arabic shab, a type of apple.6.

jcara7.jcena8.

jacerino9.

jadraque10.

jaez11.

jaguarzo12.

jahar13.

jaharral14.jaharrar15.

jaima16.

jaique17.

jalear18.

jalma (or enjalma)19.

jaloque20.

jamacuco21.




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jametera22.

jmila23.

japuta24.

jaque25.

jaqueca: Migraine. From Arabic Shaqiqa, with same meaning.26.

jquima27.jara28.

jarabe: Syrup. Usually in the context of cough syrup or linctus.29.

jaraz30.

jarcha31.

jareta32.

jaricar33.

jarifo/jarifa34.

jarqua35.

jarra: Pitcher or other pot with handle(s). Fromarrah, same as englishjar.36.

jatib37.

jazarino/jazarina38.

jazmn: jasmine. From Arabicyasminthen from Persian word the same word39.

jebe40.

jeliz41.

jemesa42.

jeque: From Arabic shaikhor sheikh, older43.

jerife: From Arabic sharif, noble, respected.44.

jeta: Snout, face, cheek (in both literal and figurative sense). From Arabic khatm: "snout".45.

jifa46.

jinete47.

jirafa: giraffe. Fromziraffaof the same meaning.48.

jirel49.




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jofaina: a wide and shallow basin for domestic use. Fromufaynah.50.

jofor51.

jorfe52.

joroba53.

jorro54.

juba/aljuba/jubn55.julepe56.

jurda57.

jurel58.

kermes59.

L, M

laca: resinous substance tapped from the Lacquer Tree. From Arabic lak, taken from Persian lak, ultimately from Sanskrit lakshaliterallymeaning "one hundred thousand" referring to the large number of insects that gather and sap out all the resin from the trees.

1.

lacre2.

lapislzuli: lapis lazuli, a deep blue mineral. From Arabic lazaward () from Persian lagvard or lazward, ultimately from Sanskrit

rajavartaliterally meaning "ringlet of the king."

3.

latn: brass. From Arabic latunfrom Turkish altn"gold."4.

lad: lute. From Arabic al 'ud() "the lute."5.

lebeche: Southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. From Andalusi Arabic Labash.6.leben: a Moorish beverage prepared from soured milk. From Arabic labani() "dairy."7.

leila: from Arabic layla() "night."8.

lelil: Shouts and noise made by moors when going into combat or when celebrating parties. From la illaha ila allah( ): There is no

god but Allah; Ya leil() : Night of mine;ya 'ayouni() : My eyes.

9.

lima: lime. From Arabic limahof the same meaning.10.

limn: lemon. From laymoon(), derived from the Chinese word limung.11.

loco: crazy. From Arabic lawqa"fool."12.




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macabro13.

macsura14.

madraza15.

magacn16.

magarza/magarzuela17.

maglaca18.maharon/maharona19.

maharrana/marrana/marrano20.

mahozmedn21.

maimn22.

majareta23.

majzn24.

mamarracho25.

mameluco26.

mamola27.

mandesmo28.

mandil29.

maquila30.

marab31.

maraved32.

marcasita33.

marchamo34.

mrfega35.

marfil36.

marfuz/a37.

margomar38.

marjal39.

marlota40.




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marojo41.

maroma42.

marranopig; cf. Arabic muharram"forbidden".43.

marras44.

mrraga45.

masamuda: (adj) Individual from the BerberMasmudatribe, from which originate the Almohades, a movement which ruled Spain and NorthAfrica in the 12th century. From Arabic:Masamuda.

46.

matafala47.

mrtaga48.

mscara49.

matarife50.

mate51.

matraca52.

matula53.

mauraca54.

mazapn55.

mazar56.

mazarrn57.

mazmodina58.

mazmorra: Dungeon. From Arabic matmura"silo".59.

mazorca: corn cob; roll of wool or cotton. From Andalusi Arabic: Masurqa, derived from classical ArabicMasura() : a tube used as a

bobbin (sewing) .

60.

meca: Place which is attractive because of a particular activity. From ArabicMekkah().61.

mechinal62.

mejala63.

mejunje64.

mendrugo65.

mengano/mengana: Expression of similar meaning as fulanoor zutano, used always after the former but after the latter, meaning "whoever".66.




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From Arabic man kanmeaning "whoever".

mequetrefe: Nosy or useless person. From Andalusi Arabi qatrasmeaning person of boastful demeanor.67.

mercal68.

metical69.

mezquino70.

ma: A military term, formerly designating a regular native unit composed of 100 men in the Spanish protectorate of northern Morocco; byanalogy, any colonial army. From ArabicMi'ah: one hundred().

71.

mihrab:72.

miramamoln73.

moaxaja74.

mogataz75.

mogate76.

moharra77.

moharracho78.

mohatra79.

mohedal80.

mohino81.

mojama(originally almojama): Delicacy of phoenician origin from the region of Cadiz. It consists of filleted salt-cured tuna. From the Arabic

al mushama: "momified or waxed".

82.

moj83.

momia84.

mona85.

monf86.

morabito87.

moraga88.

morapio89.

mozrabe90.

mudjar91.


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