arabic a step by step guide part 1

Arabic

A STEP BY STEP GUIDE

PART 1

Hashim Muhammad

Al-Qalam Publications

Arabic: A Step By Step Guide Part 1 First Edition 2013

Author: Hashim Muhammad

Contact: Al-Qalam

28 Melbourne Road,

Leicester, LE2 0DR,

United Kingdom

+44 7507859443

[email protected]

Also available at

Azhar Academy 54-68 Little Ilford Lane Manor Park, London, E12 5QA

Tel: 0208 9119797

Darul Kutub 70 South St, Savile Town, Dewsbury, WF12 9NE Tel: 01924488082

Usmani Book Centre 129,The Broadway Perry Barr Birmingham,B20 3ED Tel: 0121 3444165

If you see any mistakes in this book, have any comments or suggestions; please feel free to contact us. Jazakallah.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author.

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Contents Contents ................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .............................................................................................................. 6

Before Starting .......................................................................................................... 7

Lesson 1 Definite & Indefinite Article ........................................................................ 8

8 ..................................................................................................................................... نکرة and معرفة

Keywords & Checklist ..................................................................................................................... 10

Lesson 2 Subject & Predicate .................................................................................. 11


Lesson 3 Gender ..................................................................................................... 14

Lesson 4 Possession ................................................................................................ 17

Possession in Sentences ................................................................................................................. 18


Revision Lessons 1-4 .............................................................................................. 21

Vocab ............................................................................................................................................. 21

Grammar ........................................................................................................................................ 22

Lesson 5 Dual .......................................................................................................... 23

Dual in Possession .......................................................................................................................... 24

Dual in Sentences ........................................................................................................................... 26


Lesson 6 Masculine Plurals ...................................................................................... 28

Lesson 7 Feminine Plurals ....................................................................................... 32

Lesson 8 Broken Plurals........................................................................................... 34

Plural of Non-Human Things and Their 34 .................................................................................... خرب

املنصرف ریغ ....................................................................................................................................... 35


Lesson 9 Pronouns .................................................................................................. 38

Subject Pronouns ........................................................................................................................... 38


Lesson 10 Possessive Pronouns ............................................................................... 42


Lesson 11 Prepositions ............................................................................................ 49


Lesson 12 Indefinite Subjects (There Sentences) ..................................................... 54

Lesson 13 Adverbials .............................................................................................. 56

Revision Lessons .................................................................................................... 58

Vocab ............................................................................................................................................. 58

Grammar ........................................................................................................................................ 60

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Vocab...................................................................................................................... 61

Arabic to English............................................................................................................................. 65

English To Arabic ............................................................................................................................ 70

Supplement ............................................................................................................ 61

القرآن من ........................................................................................................................................... 61

ثياألحاد من ..................................................................................................................................... 62

العرب کالم من .................................................................................................................................. 63

Glossary .................................................................................................................. 76

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Introduction

Alhamdulillah, through the grace of Allah S Arabic: A Step by Step Guide Part 1 has been completed. This book is aimed at beginners who wish to learn the Arabic language. This part of the

series covers the basics of اجلملة اإلمسیة. At the end of the book there is a supplement of Quranic verses, Ahadith and Arabic proverbs. These consist of sentences a student should be able to understand after completing the book.

About The Book Here are some important points about this book 1. This book has been prepared especially for English speaking students, hence, there are many

areas where special explanation has been given to help in translation. 2. One of the main points kept in mind whilst preparing the book was to ensure that there are

enough exercises to assist the student. 3. The vocabulary has been repeated throughout the book. This makes it easier to remember the

vocabulary. 4. Even though Arabic grammar rules are discussed, details which may cause confusion to a

beginner have been avoided. (See the discussion of غری املنصرف as an example).

5. Simple rules which may cause confusion have been explained and reinforced via exercises. (See

Lesson 1, احلروف القمرية والشمسیة) 6. We have used English grammar terms along with the Arabic where there is a common English

term e.g. مبتدأ (subject). However, where the function is unique to Arabic we have just used the

Arabic term e.g. غری منصرف ,حرکة.

7. Revision lessons have been included to assist in recapping and reinforcing learnt subjects. 8. Spelling tests, words searches etc. have been added to make learning vocabulary more

enjoyable.

Why are there no harakat on the words? We have placed the harakat on the words in the vocab list. Students should learn the words and their pronunciation from there. However, in the exercises there are no harakat. This is to help customize the students to reading without harakat, which is how classical and higher level texts are written. It may take time to get used to, but it is worth the effort.

This book is very big yet it only covers a few topics? The book may seem voluminous, however it can be covered quite quickly as most of it consists of exercises to reinforce learnt lessons.

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Before Starting This book does not cover the Arabic alphabet and other basic rules of reading Arabic. Hence it is necessary that the student be able to read Arabic before commencing this book.

The Writing of Hamzah

If a hamzah has a فتحه or ضمة the hamzah will be written on an alif; and if it has a کسرة it will be

written under an alif.

ستاذ أ مام إ دب أ The Writing of Yaa The letter yaa can be written in two ways. One is with two dots and one without any dots.

ي –ی When the yaa is written with dots it will be pronounced, otherwise it will be pronounced as though it was an alif.

ی ، إلی، عل یه د – ي مفتاح کتاب، Writing Tips The letters of a single word join together.

کمةح However, the following letters don’t join to the letters after them.

ز ور ذ ا د، أوراقاب ب، د ر وس

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Lesson 1 Definite & Indefinite Article

I read a book yesterday. I read the book you were talking about.

I read Arabic: A Step By Step Guide. In the first example, the word “a book” does not refer to any specific book. This is called a common noun. A common noun is a noun which is not particular and it is unidentifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker is mentioning for the first time. It carries an indefinite article. The indefinite article in English is “a” or “an”. The plural is “some”. Mass items (non-countable) such as “water” also come with “some” even in the singular. In the second two examples, “the book” and “Arabic: A Step By Step Guide” refer to two specific books. These are called proper nouns. A proper noun is either a name of someone / something, or it will have a definite article. A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the listener. It may be something that the speaker has already mentioned. The definite article in English, for both singular and plural nouns, is “the”.

Exercise 1 State whether the highlighted words are common or proper nouns.

A man went to a village where he saw some boys. The man said to the boys, “Where is the masjid?” A boy said to the man, “The masjid is on that street.” The man went to the masjid and he saw a few people. He recognized one of the men because he was the tailor from his city.

نکرة and معرفة In Arabic the common noun is called نکرة and the proper noun is called معرفة.

As mentioned before, the proper noun will either be a name or have a definite article, which in

Arabic is "ال".

کتاب الthe book

ت ب الک the books

The indefinite article is ت نوین (tanwin). ( ء ,ء ,ء) ک ت ب

some books (a few books)

کتاب a book

Notes:

1. In Arabic, names will have tanwin, but they will still be considered as معرفة.

م مد ، عامر 2. Every noun in Arabic must have either "ال" or tanwin; but no word can have both. (details will

come in due course) کتاب / الکتاب الکتاب / کتاب

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Exercise 2

Translation Plural Singular

human, man - إنسان door باب أب واب

room ح جرة ح ج رات lesson درس د ر وس board سب ورة ب ورات س


pen ق لم أقالم book کتاب ک ت ب water ماء میاه pencil مرسم مراسم

key مفتاح مفاتیح State which of the following words are معرفة and which are نکرة. Thereafter translate accordingly.

ممد (1 الکتاب (2 دروس (3 خالد (4

کتب (5 ورةب س (6 زيد (7

املاء (8

إنسان (9

عامر (11

األقالم (11

مرسم (12

احلجرات (13

باب (14

ماء (15

اتیحاملف (16

Note:

When the definite article ال is added to a noun, sometimes the ل is pronounced e.g. کتاب ال ; and

sometimes it remains silent and the ا joins to the first letter of the word with a tashdid e.g. مس ش ال . ي ه و م ك ق ف غ ع خ ح ج ب أ

ن ل ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د ث ت In the table above, the ل is pronounced before the letters from the first row,

باب،ل نسان، ا إل ا and it remains silent before the letters from the second row.

می ث اجر، الت ال

Exercise 3

Change the following common nouns to proper nouns by adding an ال. Ensure you pronounce the ال correctly at the beginning, pronouncing it where it should be pronounced and keeping it silent where necessary. (Do not translate)

األدب –أدب (1

ب یت (2

تلمیذ (3

ثقیل (4

یل (5 ج

ة ر ج ح (6

خادم (7

دار (8

ذکر (9

رج ل (11

زکي (11

سیارة (12

شس (13

صالح (14

ضعیف (15

طويل (16

ظ فر (17

عذب (18

ن غ (19

فصل (21

ق لب (21

کتاب (22

لیل (23

م تهد (24

نشیط (25

هندسة (26

والد (27

ي وم (28

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Exercise 4


house ب یت ت و ب ی

man رج ل رجال prophet رس ول ر س ل window ك اش ب شبابیك

student ب طالب ط ال


lock ق فل أق فال exercise book ک راسة ک راسات chair ک رسي کراسي

paper, leaf ورق أوراق

child, boy ولد أولد Translate the following words into Arabic. 1) the book 2) an exercise book 3) a student 4) the board

5) a lesson 6) some men 7) the child 8) a human

9) the houses 10) some water 11) the key 12) a window

Keywords & Checklist

Common noun Proper noun Definite article Indefinite article

معرفة

نکرة ال تنوين

Do you know how to … ?

Recognize a proper noun?

Recognize a common noun?

How to translate o Singular common nouns o Plural common nouns o Proper nouns

Differentiating Between معرفة and نکرة

Recognizing Nouns

Does it have ال?

Yes

معرفة

No

Is it a name?

Yes

معرفة

No

نکرة

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Lesson 2 Subject & Predicate

Allah S is one. Muhammad Q is a prophet. The above two are examples of simple sentences. To make a sentence in Arabic carry out the following steps:

1. Remove the linking word “is”; 2. Translate both words into Arabic;

3. Ensure the first word is معرفة; 4. Place a ضمة on both words.

5.

Example 1 Example 2

Step 1 Remove the word “is” Muhammad is a

prophet The book is good

Step 2 Translate into Arabic. جید کتاب رسول ممد

Step 3 Ensure the first word is

جید الکتاب - نکرة and the second معرفة

Step 4 Place a ضمة on both

words محمد الکتاب جید رسول

Remember: Arabic is written from right to left:

رسول م[وسل علیه اهلل صلی]ممد

Notes:

1. The first word must be a proper noun, معرفة, and the second a common noun نکرة. Therefore if

the subject is not a name, the definite article "ال" must be added.

2. The first word is called أدتبملا , subject; and the second رب خلا , predicate.

خرب]واحد [ مبتدأاهلل [ ]3. There is no Arabic word for “is”. It is understood from the structure of the sentence.

4. If the predicate is an adjective it will be translated without an “a” even though it is نکرة. The man is strong.

However, if the predicate is a noun “a” must be added. Khalid is a teacher.

Exercise 1


One - أحد

sitting جالس جالس ون

Creator - خالق


Sustainer - رازق easy - سهل

honest صادق صادق ون

12


difficult صعب صعاب small صغی ر صغار weak ضعیف ض عفاء sweet - عذب standing قائم قائم ون

strong قوي أقوياء

liar کاذب کاذب ون


big کبی ر کبار Owner - مالك

closed - ق ل غ م open - ح و ت ف م clean نظیف ن ظفاء

dirty - وسخ Giver of all things

وهاب -Translate into English. Whilst translating 12-15 you will have to put the word “the” on the خرب.

صادق جلالر (1

ضعیف الولد (2

سهل رسالد (3

عذب املاء (4

كبری القلم (5

نظیف الورق (6

مفتوح الباب (7

مغلق اكب الش (8

قائم البالط (9

جالس الولد (11

اهلل أحد (11

اهلل خالق (12

اهلل مالك (13

اهلل رازق (14

اهلل وهاب (15

Exercise 2 Translate into Arabic. 1) The boy is a liar. 2) The man is strong. 3) The lesson is difficult. 4) The pencil is small. 5) The house is dirty.

6) The window is open. 7) Zaid is standing. 8) The student is sitting. 9) The house is closed. 10) The chair is big.

Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the words given below.

صادق مفتوح قوي مغلق عذب جالس نظیف أحد ضعیف

جل ......الر (1

الولد ...... (2

سول ......الر (3

البیت ...... (4

املاء ...... (5

الشباك ...... (6

اهلل ...... (7

الب ......الط (8

القفل ..... (9Exercise 4 Highlight the word with an odd meaning in the set of words below.

قفل رجل، ولد، رسول، (1

طالب، مرسم، ماء، درس، (2

قفل، کتاب، مفتاح، شباك، (3

مرسم، أوراق، أقالم، حجرات، (4

قوي، ضعیف، مفتوح، جالس، (5

أحد، عذب، خالق، وهاب (6

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أ م بتد

خب ر

Subject Predicate

Do you know…?

Which part of the sentence is معرفة?

Which is نکرة?

The Arabic word for “is”?

What comes on the مبتدأ and خرب? i.e. فتحة ,ضمة or کسرة

Constructing Nominal Sentences

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Lesson 3 Gender

In English grammar non-living things are not considered to have a gender. For example, the words “book” and “chair” don’t have a gender. They are considered to have a neutral gender. However, in Arabic there is no neutral gender; all nouns are considered to be either masculine or feminine.

Identifying Gender The gender of nouns can be identified by the following: 1. Its meaning;

فاطمة Fatima

زي نب Zainab

2. The letter ة at the end. This is called التاء المرب وطة, the round taa.

ة سیار Words ending in a long ت are not feminine.

ت ب ی

Similarly, words with masculine meanings are not feminine. e.g. أساتذة (male teachers) Note:

A ة can be added to adjectives to make them feminine. A فتحة should be placed on the last letter

before adding the ة. رة ی کب –کبری

It is important to remember that this can only be done to adjectives. Nouns cannot be changed in this manner.

ةقلم –قلم If there is ambiquity in English as to whom is meant we will place a (f) after theword to indicate feminine.

Exercise 1 Change the following adjectives into the feminine.

قوية –قوي (1

ضعیف (2

کبری (3

صغری (4

صادق (5

کاذب (6

قائم (7

طويل (8

جالس (9

مفتوح (11

مغلق (11

سهل (12

صعب (13

عذب (14

رجل (15

وسخة (16

The Effect of Gender on أمبتد and خبر

If the subject, مبتدأ, is a feminine word, the predicate, خرب, must change to agree with it.

ة احل ص ة الطالب الطالب صالح

15

Note:

Most feminine names have only one ضمة.

ة م اط مری ، ف ة م ، فاط ی ر م

Exercise 2


slow بطيء بطاء

beautiful یل ج الء ج

garden حدي قة حدائق

quick سريع سراع car سیارة سیارات


pious صالح صاحل ون

tall, long طويل طوال short قصی ر قصار night لة لیال لی day ي وم أيام

Translate the following sentences into English. Note how the predicate changes to agree with the subject.

ورة نظیفةب الس (1

احلجرة كبریة (2 فاطمة صاحلة (3

اإلنسان ضعیف (4

مفتوح باكالش (5

زينب صادقة (6 مری جالسة (7

جل طويلالر (8 قائمة منةآ (9

ضعیفة خدجیة (11

الولد صغری (11 ارة سريعةی الس (12 احلديقة جیلة (13 الیوم طويل (14

یلة قصریةالل (15Exercise 3


sister أ خت أخوات mother أ م أ مهات smiling باسم بامس ون daughter, girl بنت ب نات heavy ثقیل ثقال bag حقیبة حقائب servant ام خادم خدم ، خ د

servant (f) خادمة خادمات


light أخفاف ، خفیف خفاف clever ذکي أذكیاء

student (f) طالبة طالبات

scholar عال عالم ون lazy کسالن ک سالی hardworking م تهد م تهد ون respectful م ؤدب م ؤدب ون

active, energetic, lively

نشیط نشاط Translate the following sentences into Arabic. 1) The mother is pious. 2) The man is active. 3) The daughter is lazy. 4) The sister is active. 5) Khadija is a scholar.

6) Amina is clever. 7) The scholar is tall. 8) The boy is smiling. 9) The car is slow. 10) The bag is heavy.

11) The night is long. 12) Fatima is honest. 13) The window is closed. 14) The student (f) is respectful. 15) The servant (f) is hardworking.

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Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word.

األم ..... (1

الکتاب ..... (2

األخت ..... (3

..... ولدال (4

الورق ..... (5

القفل ..... (6

..... البالط (7

اإلنسان ..... (8

الکرسي ..... (9

الکراسة ..... (11

اخلادمة ..... (11

الباب ..... (12

احلديقة ..... (13

ارة .....ی الس (14

جل .....الر (15Unmarked Feminine Words We have previously studied two rules to identify feminine nouns. However, there are also some nouns in Arabic which have no rule by which they can be categorized as feminine. They must be learnt. The good thing is that these are only a few. Some common ones are written below.


earth أرض أرض ون

house, abode دار ديار

wind ريح رياح sun شس ش وس


eye ی ع ع ی ون

fire ار ن نی ران

soul ن فس ن ف وس

Exercise 5 Study the following sentences carefully and identify the errors. The errors are grammar, spelling and meaning related.

ج ل نشیط الر (1

مری کسالن (2

الولد بامسة (3

عاملة ارتالسی (4

خادم جیال (5

الدار کبری (6

احلديکة صغری (7

البیت قبریة (8

ذكيك ا ب الش (9

الولد قائم (11

شس اجملتهد (11

املغلك جرةاحل (12

Gender

Does the word have a feminine meaning?

Yes

Feminine

فاطمة/ أم

No

Does it have التاءالمربوطة?

Yes

Feminine

سیارة

No

Masculine

کتاب

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Lesson 4 Possession

the man’s book the teacher’s pen

In the above examples you would have noticed that the words “book” and “pen” are being attributed to its owners; “the man” and “the teacher”. The ’s shows the connection between the two words. To make such a phrase in Arabic the following steps must be carried out;

1. Change the English order around (i.e. place the owned first and the owner second); 2. Translate into Arabic,

3. Place a ضمة on the first word and کسرة on the second.

The man’s book

Step 1 Change the order around book the man

Step 2 Translate into Arabic. الرجل کتاب

Step 3 Place a ضمة on the first word and a کسرةon the

second word. الرجل کتاب

کتاب جلالر

املضاف إلیهل[ ج الر ] املضاف[اب ت ]ک

هیلإافضملا refers to the owner or the thing to which the first word is being attributed; and افضملا

refers to the owned or the thing being attributed. Notes:

.nor a tanwin ال will never have an املضاف .1

ل ج الر ب ات ک ل ج الر اب ت ک ل ا

2. If the مضاف إلیه is نکرة, the مضاف will also be considered to be نکرة; and if the مضاف إلیه is معرفة

the مضاف will also be considered to be معرفة.

نکرة معرفة ل ج ر اب ت ک ل ج الر اب ت ک

The man’s book A man’s book 3. In English there are two methods of showing possession; ‘s or of.

The apostrophe s is usually used when the first noun is an animate item, a name or time.

the boy’s pen the sahaba’s love for Rasulullah s, Madeenah’s beautiful scenery the lion’s mane today’s newspaper

In other cases the phrase “of” is normally used.

The door of the house. Sometimes the ‘s is omitted altogether

car’s door: car door house’s key: house key

18

If the ‘s is used, the Arabic order is opposite to the English order. However when of is used the order will be the same as Arabic.

ت ی ب ال اب ب the door of the house

جل الر کتاب the man’s book

Exercise 1 Translation Plural Singular

teacher أ ستاذ أساتذة class فصل ف ص ول


school, madrasah مدرسة مدارس

Translate the following sentences into English. Note how the possessive phrase is made.

الستاذ کتاب (1

خادمة البیت (2

بیت اخلادم (3

البالط أساتذة (4 یارةباب الس (5

م األ کراسة (6

البالط مدرسة (7

باب احلديقة (8

ريح األرض (9

رسول اهلل (11

احلجرةك شبا (11

مفتاح القفل (12

جلالر عی (13

درس األستاذ (14

البالط قلم (15

Exercise 2 Translate into Arabic. 1) the door of the house 2) the Book of Allah 3) the student’s pencil 4) the board of the class 5) the man’s pen

6) the class teacher 7) the leaf of the book 8) the classes’ of the school 9) the wind of the earth 10) the girl’s room

11) the man’s eye 12) the door of the class 13) the lock of the window 14) the window of the car 15) the man’s daughter

Possession in Sentences

The possessive phrase itself is not a complete sentence; rather it is used as either the subject or predicate of a sentence.

Possessive Phrase As مبتدأ

خرب[ح و ت ف م ] مبتدأ[مضاف إلیه[ت ی ب ال ] مضاف[باب ]]

[The door of the house]subject is [open]predicate.

خرب[ر ی ب ]ک مبتدأ[إلیه مضاف[ل ج الر ] مضاف[اب ت ک ]] [The man’s book] is [big].

Exercise 3


son ابن أب ناء end آخر أواخر beginning أول أوائل insanity - ج ن ون


anger - غضب regret - ندم

river ن هر أن هار

19

Translate the following sentences into English. The last two are proverbs.

مفتوح البالط کتاب (1

صغری باب البیت (2

األستاذ سهل درس (3

مفتاح البیت ثقیل (4

هر عذبالن ماء (5

املسجد مغلق كاشب (6

وسخ البالط کتاب (7

نظیف ستاذکتاب األ (8

جل کبریالر کرسي (9

ثقیل قلم الولد (11

باب البیت مغلق (11

البیت مفتوح باكش (12

قرسول اهلل صاد (13

جنون الغضب لأو (41

ندم الغضب آخر (41Exercise 4 Translate into Arabic. 1) The scholar’s son is hardworking. 2) The book's leaf is dirty. 3) The student's classroom is clean. 4) The window of the masjid is open. 5) The key of the lock is heavy.

6) The teacher’s lesson is easy. 7) The lock of the door is light. 8) The student’s class is closed. 9) The beginning of the lesson is easy. 10) The ending of the lesson is difficult.

Note

The gender of the خرب agrees with the مضاف, not the مضاف إلیه.i.e. the first word, not the second.

[ ق ل غ م [ ]ة ار ی الس اب ب ] ة احل ص [ل ج الر ت ن ب ]

[ ة ق ل غ م [ ]ة ار ی الس اب ب ] ح ال ص [ل ج الر ت ن ب ]

Exercise 5

Translate the following sentences into English. Notice how the خرب agrees with the مضاف.

ثقیل الستاذ کتاب (1

متهدة بیتخادمة ال (2 السیارة مفتوح باب (3

وسخة البالط سةکرا (4

بامسة ة املدرسةطالب (5

عی البنت جیلة (6

املدرسة صاحل طالب (7

باب احلديقة مغلق (8

رسول اهلل صادق (9

مفتوح احلجرة باكش (11

مفتاح القفل ثقیل (11

ةجل قصری الر خت أ (12

درس األستاذ سهل (13

ةبنت األم طويل (14

خفیف البالط قلم (15

Exercise 6 Fill in the blanks and then translate into English.

........ لمیذةكتاب الت (1

........ جلالر اسة كر (2 ........ ارةی باب الس (3 قلم األم ........ (4

باب احلجرة ........ (5

........ ارة األستاذسی (6 شس األرض ........ (7

........ حجرة البیت (8 ........ باب احلديقة (9

........ خادم املدرسة (11

ماء النهر ........ (11

ابن األم ........ (12

........ خادمة البیت (13

........البالط أخت (14

........ مرسم البنت (15

20

Possessive Phrase As خبر

The خرب may also be made of a possessive phrase.

خرب[د ال و ال ق ي د ص ] مبتدأ[اذ ت س أل ]ا [The teacher] is [the father’s friend]

Note: We have read that most feminine names don’t have a tanwin. Similarly, those masculine names which are not originally from Arabic don’t have tanwin either. (More details to will come later)

ل ی اع مس ، إ م ی اه ر ب إ Exercise 7


good جید جیاد friend ء خلیل أخالcheap (quality) ردي أردياء


wife زوجة زوجات friend صديق أصدقاء father - والد

Translate into English.

]القرآن [ ]کتاب اهلل[ (1

رسول اهلل وسلم[]صلی اهلل علیه دمم (2

اهلل نب الم[]علیه الس نوح (3

الکعبة بیت اهلل (4

]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[زوجة ممد ]رضي اهلل عنها[ عائشة (5

]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ د صديق مم ]رضي اهلل عنه[ علي (6

]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ دصديق مم ]رضي اهلل عنه[ ر ک ب و ب أ (7

]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ دبنت مم ]رضي اهلل عنها[فاطمة (8

]رضي اهلل عنه[ زوجة علي ]رضي اهلل عنها[فاطمة (9

خلیل اهلل الم[]علیه الس إبراهیم (11


املضاف املضاف إلیه


Use a possessive phrase as a مبتدأ?

Use a possessive phrase as a خرب?

The two ways to translate possession?

Which word of the possessive phrase the خرب agrees with.

Which Arabic names don’t have tanwin?

21

Revision Lessons 1-4

Vocab

Note: Words with tashdid ( ) are counted as one letter in all of the exercises.

Exercise 1 Complete the following crossword using words for members of the family. There are 3 words in total

ت

Complete the following crossword using words for stationary. There are 5 words in total.

م ة س

ک

Exercise 2 Find 8 words relating to the house in the following word search.

د ح د ي ق ة ء ش ك ر ت م ل ل ب ي ر س ح ف م ا ن ر س ر ا ح ك خ ط ا ي ك ت و س ا ج د ب ق ف ل ص ش ب ر ت ي م ب ف ج ا ل ش ك ب ا ت ي ب م

Exercise 3 Unscramble the following words related to the planet and outdoors.

ر ن ه: (1 ض أ ر: (2

س م:ش (3 ر ح ي: (4

ة ح ق د ي: (5

Exercise 4 Write the antonym (opposites) of the following words.

مفتوح (1

ضعیف (2

صادق (3

قائم (4

صعب (5

سريع (6

ردي (7

أول (8

متهد (9

ثقیل (11

قصری (11

نظیف (12

22

Exercise 5 Match the words in the two columns.

ابن جالس

کرسي غضب

کراسة والد

لیلة ورق

ندم يوم

Grammar Exercise 7 Briefly explain the following terms.

التاء املربوطة (1

خرب (2

مبتدأ (3

رمذک (4

املضاف (5

املضاف إلیه (6

معرفة (7

مؤنث (8

نکرة (9

Exercise 8 Write the Arabic of the following terms. 1) Common noun 2) Predicate 3) Definite article 4) Feminine

5) Indefinite article 6) Masculine 7) Proper noun 8) Subject

Exercise 9 Answer the questions below.

1) How do you recognize a معرفة?

2) How do you recognize a نکرة?

3) How do you translate a معرفة?

4) How do you translate a نکرة?

5) Which part of the sentence is معرفة and which part is نکرة?

6) How do you translate the word “is” in Arabic?

7) What are the three ways to identify gender?

8) Which words don’t have an ال nor tanwin.

23

Lesson 5 Dual

two boys two girls In the above examples, the word “two” indicates a specific number. In Arabic there is a special form of noun which show that two are being referred to without actually having to add the word “two”.

This is calledd ت ثنیة. The تثنیة is made by placing a فتحة on the last letter, and then adding "ان".

ک راسة ان + ة ک راس

کراستان

کتاب ان + ب کتا

کتابان

Note:

Some Arabic words have ان as part of the original word. This should not be mixed up with the dual.


garden ب ستان بساتی Translation Plural Singular

lazy کسالن ک سال ی

SingularDual کسالنان کسالن ب ستانان ب ستان

Exercise 1 Complete the table below by changing the adjectives in the first column into the dual, then into feminine singular and feminine dual.

Feminine Dual

Feminine Singular

Masculine Dual

Masculine Singular

سريع سري عان عة ي ر س سري عتان

جید

کي ذ

مؤدب

کسالن

Exercise 2 Translate the following words. Note how the dual is made.

بابان (1

باب (2

بنتان (3

درسان (4

تانطالب (5

سو در (6

انباكش (7

انحجرت (8

مفتاح (9

مفتاحان (11

سبورتان (11

ستاذانأ (12

هنر (13

خادمان (14

خادمتان (15

کتابان (16

24

Exercise 3 Make the following words dual.

ستاذأ (1

البالط (2

مدرسة (3

بنتال (4

فصل (5

بستان (6

کرسي ال (7

أخت (8

الزوجة (9

صديق (11

سولالر (11

أم (12

ةطالب (13

لیلة (14

انقلمال (15Exercise 4 Translate into Arabic. 1) a friend 2) two wives 3) two sons 4) a daughter 5) a teacher

6) two classes 7) the mother 8) the two sisters 9) a night 10) two days

11) the two rivers 12) the two cars 13) two windows 14) a chair 15) two keys

Dual in Possession

Dual as مضاف We have studied before that ضافامل will never have a tanwin. In the dual, consider the "ن" similar to

the tanwin: it will drop in possessive phrases.

الب الط ا اب ت ک

ب ال الط ن ااب ت ک


city ب لد بالد wing جناح أجنحة cycle دراجة دراجات clock ساعة ساعات driver سائق سائق ون


bird طی ر ط ی ور wheel عجلة عجالت hand of a clock, dial عقرب عقارب minaret منارة منائر

Translate into English. خلیال خالد (1

مسجدا البلد (2

أختا الولد (3

ولدا األم (4

البالط حقیبتا (5

سبورتا الفصل (6

سیارتا السائق (7

بیتا األخت (8

بابا البستان (9

الساعةعقربا (11

درسا األستاذ (11

ریالط جناحا (12

منارتا املسجد (13

راجةعجلتا الد (14

ورقا الکراسة (15

رسول اهلل (16Exercise 6 Translate into Arabic.

25

1) the two teachers of the madrasah 2) the student’s two books 3) the man’s two pens 4) the son’s two exercise books 5) the boy’s two friends 6) the classes of the madrasah 7) the two rivers of the earth

8) the two doors of the garden 9) the two teachers of the school 10) the man’s two cars 11) the boy’s two pens 12) the sister’s two exercise books 13) the student (f)’s two pencils 14) the two classes of the madrasah

Dual as مضافإلیه We have studied before that the مضاف إلیه has a کسرة.

ل ج الر اب کت However, there are some words in Arabic which express their کسرة in different ways to normal

words. The dual is one of them. To show its کسرة the "ان" at the end of the word changes to ن""ي .

ی ب ال الط ح جرة the room of the two students

Note: In English if a word is made plural by a s, the apostrophe will be placed after the s.

The boy’s [singular] father The boys’[plural] father

Exercise 7


finger إصبع /أ صب ع أصابع right حق ح ق وق tree شجرة أشجار friendship - صداقة


nail ظ فر أظفار place مکان أمکنة parents - والدين hand (feminine) يد أيدي

Translate into English. Notice how the dual is used as املضاف إلیه. الولدين أستاذ (1

جلیالر أم (2

مفتاح القفلی (3

أساتذة املدرستی (4

احلديقتیأشجار (5

أظفار الیدين (6

األختی یبتاحق (7

أوراق الکتابی (8

یتالبی شبابیك (9

أصابع الیدين (11

مرمسا الولدين (11

حقوق الوالدين (12

أبواب السیارتی (13

الفصلی طالب (14

یالبالط استاذأ (15

Exercise 8 Translate into Arabic. 1) the two sisters’ room 2) the two classes’ students 3) the two daughters’ mother 4) the friendship of the two boys 5) the regret of the two students (f)

6) the teacher of the two classes 7) the sheets of the two books 8) the place of the two bags 9) the driver of the two cars 10) the key of the two locks

26

Dual in Sentences

When the subject, مبتدأ, is dual the predicate, خرب, must also change to agree with subject. i.e. the

.in both number and gender مبتدأ agrees with the خرب

الکتابان صغری انالکتابان صغری Notes:

1. the ’’ان‘‘ is equivalent to the ضمة.

2. When translating the dual or plural, the English linking word “are” is used. The man is sitting. The men are sitting.

Exercise 9


expensive ثی ثان

new جديد ج دد cheap (cost), low priced - رخیص high - رفیع


old ق دماء دیم ق

teacher (f) م علمة م علمات wide وسیع وساع


البنتان صادقتان (1

بامسانالبنان (2

زکیة ختاأل (3 احلديقتان وسیعتان (4

کاذبان جالنالر (5

کبری البیت (6

صغریان البیتان (7 رفیع املسجد (8

ثینة ورةب الس (9

قلم السبورة رخیص (11

الکتابان نظیفان (11

اخلادم متهد (12

اخلادمتان کسالنتان (13

مغلقان باکانالش (14

مفتوح الباب (15

الولدان بامسان (16 طويلة ماأل (17

قصریتان البنتان (18Exercise 10 Translate into Arabic. 1) The two doors are open. 2) The two windows are closed. 3) The two students are hard working. 4) The two cars are good. 5) The two lessons are easy.

6) The man is a liar. 7) The two keys are heavy. 8) The two exercise books are new. 9) The two books are old. 10) The chair is light.


........ فاطمة (1

........ األستاذ (2

........ األستاذان (3

........ مة املعل (4

........ متان املعل (5

........ ة البالط (6

........ ثینان (7

........ رخیصتان (8

........ صغریة (9

قدمیان........ (11

27

Note:

The مضاف and مضاف إلیه don’t have to agree in number; one may be singular and the other dual or

plural.

اسات الرج ل ک ر

The man’s exercise books

الب نات کتاب The girls’ book

Exercise 12


mountain جبل جبال high, towering - شامخ plane طائرة طائرات


great - عظیم empty, free (not busy) - فارغ garage - کراج


سبورتا الفصل نظیفتان (1

بابا احلديقة مفتوحان (2

ارتی مغلقی الس کراج (3

انتی خفیفالبالط قلما (4

جبال البلد شاخمان (5

ائرة کبریانالط جناحا (6

رسولن ]علیهما السالم[ وهارون موسی (7

رسول اهلل ]علیهما السالم[ موسی وهارون (8

]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ دبنتا مم ]رضی اهلل عنهما[ رقیة وفاطمة (9

]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ دمم وجتا ز ]رضی اهلل عنهما[ خدجیة و عائشة (11

Exercise 13 Translate the following sentences into Arabic. 1) The house’s two doors are open. 2) The right of the teacher is great. 3) The man’s two friends are liars. 4) The friendship of the two boys is true. 5) The two windows of the room are closed.

6) The two trees of the garden are tall. 7) The two daughters’ father is pious. 8) The two boys’ mother is hardworking. 9) The place of the two cars is empty. 10) The two minarets of the two masjids are high.

Exercise 14 Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

احلديقتان کبریان (1

السبورتا رخیصتان (2

کراج السیارتان مفتوحان (3

کتابا األستاز جديدان (4

قدی البالط کراسة (5

طويلةشجرتا البستی (6

کسالن سیارةسائقا ال (7

خادما البیت کسالنان (8


التثنیة Do you know how to … ?

Make a dual?

Use املضاف as dual?

Use املضاف إلیه as dual?

Use dual in a sentence?

28

Lesson 6 Masculine Plurals

Look at the following English plurals. book sheep man thief

books sheep men thieves You will have noticed that there are different ways to make plurals. In Arabic there are three different ways to make nouns plural.

1. Masculine plural 2. Feminine plural 3. Broken plural

We will discuss the feminine and broken plurals in the upcoming lessons. In this lesson we will discuss masculine plurals. The masculine plural is made by adding a ضمة to the last letter of the noun and then "ون".

م سلم ون + م م سل مسلمون

Notes: 1. This plural is used for certain words only, mostly masculine people and their adjectives i.e. any

and every word cannot be made into the plural using this method.

ن و ت س ر د / م ة س ر مد رج ل / رج ل ون 2. The indefinite article for plurals is “some”. The definite article for plurals is “the”.

Singular Plural Indefinate Definate Indefinate Definate

رج ل a man

الرج ل the man

رجال some men

الرجال the men

Exercise 1 Complete the table below.

Feminine Dual

Feminine Singular

Masculine Plural

Masculine Dual

Masculine Singular

سريع سري عان سري ع ون سريعة سري عتان

عال متهد

صاحل نشیط

معلم خملص حاضر غائب

29

Masculine Plural in Sentences

As mentioned before, the خرب must agree with the مبتدأ in number and gender.

ح ال ص م ل س م ل ا ان احل ص ان م ل س م ل ا ن و احل ص ن و م ل س م ل ا Exercise 2


Italian إطال إطالی ون honest أمی أ مناء businessman تاجر ت ار tired تعب تعب ون present حاضر حاضر ون expert خبی ر خ ب راء police ش رطي ش رطة journalist صحفي صحفی ون Chinese صین صینی ون


cook طباخ طباخ ون absent غائب غائب ون expert, skillful ماهر ماهر ون sincere خم لص خم لص ون traveller م سافر م سافر ون Muslim م سلم م سلم ون engineer م هندس م هندس ون

employee م ؤظف م ؤظف ون successful ناجح ناجح ون

Translate the following into English. Notice how the plural is used.

جال صاحلونالر (1 املسلمون صادقون (2 ناجحون طالبال (3 ار أمناء ج الت (4 األولد غائبون (5

ونتعبسافرون امل (6

مون متهدوناملعل (7

اخون ماهرونب الط (8

م کاذبونااخلد (9

أساتذة املدرسة صاحلون (11

أمناء فون املؤظ (11

غائبوناملسافرون (12

الی کس اخلدام (13

ونباخون إطالی الط (14

وناملهندسون صینی (15


جل ........الر (1

املسلمان ........ (2

تان ........البالط (3

جار ........الت (4

األولد ........ (5

........ مساناملر (6

البنتان ........ (7

األساتذة ........ (8

........ اخلدام (9

اخان ........ب الط (11

املهندسون ........ (11

املسافر ........ (12

سل ........الر (13

املسافرون ........ (14

األخت ........ (15Exercise 4 Translate into Arabic. 1) The travellers are tired. 2) The teachers are hardworking. 3) The journalists are sitting. 4) The student is successful. 5) The employee is hardworking.

6) The cooks are Chinese. 7) The workers are lazy. 8) The two journalists are experienced. 9) The teachers are present. 10) The cooks are expert.

30

Masculine Plural in Possession In possession, the masculine plural works very similar to the dual; i.e. the ن drops.

املسلمون البلد مومسل

Similarly, when a masculine plural becomes a مضاف إلیه, the ون changes to ين .

م سلم ون ی مسجد الم سلم

Exercise 5


passengers راکب راکب ون son ابن ب ن ون، أبناء restaurant مطعم مطاعم newspaper جريدة جرائد


ship نة س ف ن سفی religion دين أديان company شرکة شرکات train قطار ق ط ر

Translate into English. Notice how the masculine plural is used as the مضاف.

فینةراکبو الس (1

ائرةالط راکبو (2

مو املدرستیمعل (3

صحفیو اجلريدة (4

شرطیو البلد (5

املدرسة مومعل (6

سائقو السیارة (7

یطباخو املطعم (8

ائرةالط مسافرو (9

ينالد دامخ (11

رکةمهندسو الش (11

بنو إسرائیل (12

Exercise 6 Translate into Arabic. 1) the employees of the madrasah 2) the cooks of the restaurant 3) the drivers of the train 4) the policemen of the two cities 5) the passengers of the two planes

6) the sons of Hashim 7) the employees of the two companies 8) the teachers of the school 9) the Muslims of al-Madeenah. 10) the passengers of the car

Exercise 7


respect, manners أدب آداب ticket تذکرة تذاکر

customs ت قلید ت قالید effort جهد ج ه ود bus حافلة حافالت filing cabinet خزانة خزانات


wage راتب رواتب room غ رفة غ ر فات story قصص ، قصة قصص

heart ق لب ق ل وب students م ت علم م ت علم ون office مکتب مکاتب

31


file ملف ملفات Translation Plural Singular

prophet نب نبی ون، أنبیاء Translate into English. Notice how the masculine plural is used as the مضاف إلیه .

یبی قصص الن (1

تقالید الکافرين (2

املتعلمی استاکر (3

قلوب املسلمی (4

صداقة املخلصی (5

املسافرين تاغرف (6

دروس املعلمی (7

املسلمی دين (8

میجهد املعل (9

املسلمیأولد (11

املؤظفی راتب (11

بالد املسلمی (12

میأدب املتعل (13

املسافرين حافلتا (14

رطةخزانة الش (15

Exercise 8 Translate into Arabic. 1) the cooks’ room 2) the office of the journalists 3) the travellers’ bags 4) the engineer’s houses 5) the journalist’s pen

6) the engineers’ folder 7) the passengers’ ticket 8) the policemen’s car 9) the stories of the pious 10) the efforts of the Muslims

Exercise 9 Translate into English.

سائقو القطار خبریون (1

أولد خالد متهدون (2

ونتعب یالفصل طالب (3

ونتعبلبلد رجال ا (4

کراج السیارة وسیع (5

لبیت أمناءا دامخ (6

جال عاملونالر (7

یأصدقاء خالد کسال (8

طباخو املطعم ماهرون (9

ونتعبمسافر احلافلة (11

املدرسة حاضرون بطال (11

أمناء البلد ارت (12

کسالی مهندسو الشرکة (13

تعلمون مؤدبونامل (14

اءزکیأ البلد رجال (15

Exercise 10 Read the following sentences carefully. Identify the mistakes and correct them.

قصص الصاحلون (1

اتب املؤظفیالر (2

سائقون احلافلة ماهرون (3

اخی املطعم أمناءطب (4

کسالنصحفیا اجلريدة (5

تعبمهندسو الشرکتان (6

ونتعبقطار السائقی (7

مون غائبوناملعل (8

املدرسة مطهدون طالب (9

32

Lesson 7 Feminine Plurals

The feminine plural is made by removing the ة, placing a فتحة on the last letter of the noun and then

adding" ."ات

مات م سل + ات م م سل ة م سلمExercise 1 Complete the table below.

Feminine Plural

Feminine Dual

Feminine Singular

Masculine Plural

Masculine Dual

Masculine Singular

سريع سري عان سري ع ون سريعة سري عتان ري عات س

مسلم ناجح

راکب

مؤظف

حاضر غائب مسافر ماهر تعب

Feminine Plural In Sentences

Remember: the خرب must agree with the مبتدأ in number and gender.

صالح الم سلم ان صاحل ان الم سلم ن و صاحل ن و الم سلم ة احل ص ة الم سلم ان ت صاحل ان ت الم سلم ات احل ص ات الم سلم

Exercise 2 Translate the following into English.

املؤظفات غائبات (1

مات متهداتاملعل (2

اتتعباملسافرات (3

املسلمات أمینات (4

ات متهداتالبالط (5

مات زکیاتاملتعل (6

ات خبریاتحفی الص (7

هات صادقاتاألم (8

األخوات قائمات (9

البنات جالسات (11

اخلادمات کاذبات (11

وجات بامساتالز (12

ديقات نشیطاتالص (13

ات قوياتالشرطی (14

ضعیفاتالعاملات (15

Exercise 3 Translate the following into Arabic.

33

1) The sisters are pious. 2) The passengers (f) are tired. 3) The daughters are lazy. 4) The employees (f) are absent. 5) The students (f) are present.

6) The business women are honest. 7) The cooks (f) are skillful. 8) The engineers (f) are expert. 9) The friends (f) are sincere. 10) The wives are active.

Feminine Plural in Possession

Unlike the dual and masculine plural, the feminine plural behaves like normal nouns in possessive

phrases; no letter drops and the مضاف إلیه has a simple کسرة.

احل ج رات أب واب ب ال الط ک راسات Exercise 4

Translate into English. Notice how the feminine plural is used as the مضاف. هات األولدأم (1

ينشرکات البلد (2

یکراسات السائق (3

ملفات الشرطة (4

صديقات األخت (5

الدراجات عجالت (6

جالالر حجرات (7

یساعات احلجرت (8

ائرةالط مسافرات (9

يندراجات الولد (11

خزانة امللفات (11

حافالت الشرکة (12

سیارات الشرکتی (13

أمهات املؤمنی (14

طائرات املسافرين (15

Exercise 5 Translate into Arabic. 1) the teachers’ files 2) the buses of the school 3) the business man’s companies 4) the clocks of the houses 5) the children’s bicycles

6) the man’s daughters 7) the students’ (f) chairs 8) the men’s cars 9) the students’ exercise books 10) the teachers’ room

Exercise 6

Translate into English. Notice how the feminine plural is used as the مضاف إلیه.

احلاتالص قصص (1

تذاکر املسافرات (2

ملفات املعلمات (3

فاتراتب املؤظ (4

ماتجهد املعل (5

رکاتفو الش مؤظ (6

سلماتدين امل (7

هاتحقوق األم (8

السیارات اکراج (9

ائراتالط أجنحة (11

اتالبالط أقالم (11

اخلزانات احامفت (12

تذاکر احلافالت (13

أوراق الکراسات (14

احلجرات بابا (15

Exercise 7 Translate into Arabic. 1) the company buses 2) the keys of the filing cabinet 3) the office of the teachers (f) 4) the travellers’ bags 5) the chairs of the cooks (f)

6) the friends (f) friendship 7) the wives’ houses 8) the students’ (f) class 9) the door of the rooms 10) the pages of the exercise book

34

Lesson 8 Broken Plurals

A broken plural is a plural in which the singular form is disturbed. There is no fixed rule for broken plurals. They must be learnt and memorized from the vocab list. Below are some patterns on which the broken plural comes.

ء ال ع ف أ ل اع ف م ل ی اع ف م ة ل ع ف أ ال ع ف أف عال ف ع ل ف ع ول ر ء وس ط ی ور ع ی ون

ف ص ول

ر س ل س ف ن ق ط ر

ک ت ب

أب واب أق فال أقالم أيام

بالد جبال ديار رياح

ة ح ن ج أ ة ن ک م أ

شبابیك

مفاتیح

حدائق حقائب مراسم

اء ی ب ن أ

There are no extra rules for broken plurals. They behave like normal nouns, i.e. in possession

nothing drops and when it is املضاف إلیه it will have a normal کسرة.

Plural of Non-Human Things and Their خبر The feminine plural, unlike the masculine plural, can be used for non-human items as well.

ات یار س -ة یار س However, it is very important to note that plural non-human things, weather they be on the pattern of feminine plurals or broken plurals, they are grammatically considered to be singular feminine.

Therefore the خرب of such words will be singular feminine.

ة ق ل غ م اب و ب أل ا

ات ق ل غ م اب و ب أل ا ة ل ی ج ات ار ی لس ا

ت ال ی ج ات ار ی لس ا Exercise 1

Translate into English. Note how the خرب of non-living thinga are in the singular feminine form.

السبورات کبریة (1

احلجرات وسیعة (2

الکراسات ثقیلة (3

السیارات سريعة (4

الدراجات ثینة (5

الساعات رخیصة (6

العجالت صغریة (7

الدروس صعبة (8

کبریةالکتب (9

الکراسي نظیفة (11

األوراق وسخة (11

بیوت البلد ثینة (12

شبابیك الغرفة مغلقة (13

مراسم الطالبات جیدة (14

أبواب املسجد مفتوحة (15Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

البیت ....... (1

البیتان ....... (2

البیوت ....... (3

الرجل ....... (4

الرجالن ....... (5

الرجال ....... (6

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الطالبة ....... (7

الطالبتان ....... (8

الطالبات ....... (9

الدرس ....... (11

الدرسان ....... (11

الدروس ....... (12

السیارة ....... (13

السیارتان ....... (14

السیارات ....... (15

Exercise 3 Translate into Arabic. 1) The gardens are wide. 2) The bags are heavy. 3) The classes are clean. 4) The buses are fast. 5) The cities are big.

6) The birds are beautiful. 7) The minarets of the mosque are tall. 8) The wings of the plane are wide. 9) The trees of the garden are short. 10) The nails of the hands are clean.

Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word to make them into complete sentences.

کتابا الطالب ....... (1

مدرستا البلد ....... (2

ماء النهر ....... (3

أقفال األبواب ....... (4

حجرتا البیت ....... (5

طباخو املطاعم ....... (6

بیوت الرجل ....... (7

مهندس الشرکة ....... (8

حقائب املسافرين ....... (9

سائقو السیارات ....... (11

دراجات األولد ....... (11

.......منائر املساجد (12

طائرات املسافرين ....... (13

مطاعم البلد ....... (14

تذاکر القطار ....... (15

Exercise 5

Change the مبتدأ in the following sentences to plural. Adjust the خرب as necessary.

طائرة الشرکة صغریة (1

صاحل ابن الرجل (2

صحفي اجلريدة ماهر (3

طالب الفصل حاضر (4

ةطالبة الفصل غائب (5

تذکرة احلافلة رخیصة (6

تذکرة القطار ثینة (7

قصة الرجل صادقة (8

مکتب املهندس کبری (9

درس األستاذ سهل (11

الولد ضعیف (11

سبورة الفصل نظیفة (12

حقیبة املسافرة ثقیلة (13

راکب الطائرة تعب (14

املعلم قائم (15

غیرالمنصرفWe had mentioned before (page 8) that every word must have either an ال or a tanwin. We then

mentioned two cases which are exempt from this rule; feminine names and non-Arabic male names.

These types of words are called رالمنصرف .غی ر الم نصرف Here are some more details for .غی

Which Words Are غیرمنصرف? 1. All feminine names.

ة ی ف ، ص ة ش ائ ، ع ة جی د خ This also includes masculine names with a feminine sign on them i.e. ة.

36

ة ، حز ة طلح 2. Arabic names with ان at the end.

ع ثمان ، عمران

3. Non-Arabic names which are longer than 3 letters.

، ي وسف إب راهیم ، إمساعیل ، إسحاق Tip: Other than ش عیب ,عاد ,ل وط ,صالح ,م مد and ن وح u names of all prophets are غی ر الم نصرف.

4. Plurals on the following patterns:

أفعالء ف عالء ف عاللة ل مفاعی مفاعل

أنبیاء فقراء أساتذة مفاتیح مراسم

These plurals are written with one ضمة in the vocab list. Make sure you pay special attention to

the plurals in the vocab list and make a mental note of which plurals are غری املنصرف.

Rules for غیرمنصرف الم نصرف غی ر .1 names don’t have an ال or a tanwin.

صاحلة ة خدجی These also don’t carry a کسرة. So in the case of املضاف إلیه they will have a فتحة instead.

ی أ م مر .ال plurals don’t have a tanwin, however they can have غی ر الم نصرف .2

ء هم أغنیا صغریة راسم امل

If they do have an ال they may carry a کسرة.

م مقلمة املراس

کسرة تنوین

غری املنصرف

Name

ة کتاب خدجی صادقة ة خدجی

Plural

مراسم ال مقلمة ء التجار أ منا

Exercise 6

Translate the following. Notice how the غری املنصرف words are used.

کتاب عائشة (1

بیت خدجیة (2

قصة مری (3

أدب طلحة (4

جبال مکة (5

بنو عمران (6

خزانة حزة (7

إسحاق والد يعقوب (8

يوسف بن يعقوب (9

آمنة أم النب (11

خدجیة زوجة النب (11

فاطمة بنت خدجیة (12

37

أخت فاطمة رقیة (13

لوط رسول اهلل (14

مؤظفو الشرکة أمناء (15

سفینة نوح کبریة (16

إمساعیل ابن إبراهیم (17

إسحاق ابن إبراهیم (18

إسحاق وإمساعیل ابنا إبراهیم (19

إبراهیم وإمساعیل وإسحاق أنبیاء (21

خالد وعابد وممد أصدقاء (21

Keywords & Checklist Masculine Plural

Feminine Plural

Broken Plural

Non-Human Plurals


Make the masculine plural?

Make the feminine plural?

What a broken plural is?

How to use masculine plural as املضاف?

Use املضاف إلیه as dual?

Use dual in a sentence?

Plurals

Masculine Plurals

م سلم ون

Feminine Plurals

م سلمات

Broken Plurals

غری املنصرف

مساجد

Normal Broken Plurals

رجال

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Lesson 9 Pronouns

A pronoun ( ضمیر) is a word that is used in place of a noun.

Zaid is a very good man. He helps the poor. Pronouns are used in place of a noun that has already been mentioned, as in the example above. It is also used when speaking to someone, or speaking about oneself.

I am ill. You are a hardworking student.

Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns are used as subjects.

الرجل م سافر [The man]subject is a traveller.

تعب ه و [He]subject is tired.

The subject pronouns are as follows. Learn them by heart as this will be very helpful.

Subject Pronouns

He ه و Singular

Masculine

Third Person

They (m/d) ا Dual ه

They (m/p) ه م Plural

She هي Singular

Feminine They (f/d) ا Dual ه

They (f/p) ه ن Plural

You (m/s) أنت Singular

Masculine

Second Person

You (m/d) أن ت ما Dual

You (m/p) أن ت م Plural

You (f/s) أنت Singular

Feminine You (f/d) أن ت ما Dual

You (f/p) Plural أن ت

I (m,f) أنا Singular Masculine / Feminine

First Person We (m,f /d,p) نن Plural

f: feminine m: masculine p: plural d: dual s: singular

First Person: the speaker

Second Person: the person who is spoken to

Third Person: the person who is spoken about.

39

Notes:

1. The word ان أ is written with an alif at the end. However, that alif is not pronounced.

أن =ا ن أ 2. The words أنا and نن can be used for both masculine and feminine. The context of the sentence

will determine which is meant.

ب ال ط ا ن أ ان ب ال ط ن ن

ة ب ال ا ط ن أ ات ب ال ط ن ن

The same applies for أنتما and ها.

ان ب ال ط ا م ت ن أ ان ب ال ط ا ه

ان ت ب ال ط ا م ت ن أ ان ت ب ال ط ا ه

3. In English, the word “it” is used for inanimate things. i.e. it is used for the neutral gender. This is my pen. It is quite nice.

In Arabic however, there is no word for it as there is no neutral gender. Instead, the pronouns

for “he” and “she” will be used. If the noun is masculine هو will be used, and if it is feminine هي

will be used. ذه ک راسة ، لة هي ه ثقی

This is an exercise book. It is heavy. ثی و ه ، ذا ق لم ه

This is a pen. It is expensive. 4. Pronouns do not change. i.e. if it is a إلیه مضاف it will not change to a کسرة, rather it will remain

the same.

ك ف کتاب ك کتاب Exercise 1 Translate the following sentences into English. Notice how pronouns are used as subjects.

هو مسلم (1

ها تاجران (2

هم أغنیاء (3

عامر هي أم (4

تانطالبها (5

هن غائبات (6

بأنت مؤد (7

خالدأنتما ابنا (8

أنتم متهدون (9

بامسة أنت (11

ضرتاناأنتما ح (11

اتتعبأنت (12

أنا ضعیف (13

أنا صغریة (14

نن قائمان (15

راشدوالدا نن (16

جالسوننن (17

خادمات نن (18

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with a suitable pronoun. Ensure the مبتدأ matches the خرب. Thereafter translate into

English.

....... مسلمون (1

....... ناجحتان (2

حاضر ....... (3

مؤظفان....... (4

....... غائبان (5

طباخة....... (6

....... خالد (7

....... آمنة (8

....... کاذبان (9

40

....... صادقتان (11

کسالی....... (11

....... قائمات (12

ان....... قوي (13

ضعیفتان....... (14

خرباء ....... (15Exercise 3 Translate the following into Arabic. 1) They (m/p) are poor. 2) He is pious. 3) We (f/p) are sitting. 4) You (f/p) are liars. 5) They (m/d) are drivers. 6) I (m) am a student.

7) You (f/s) are a journalist. 8) They (f/d) are travellers. 9) She is honest. 10) They (f/p) are beautiful. 11) We (f/d) are short. 12) You (m/d) standing.

Notes: 1. First and second person pronouns show very clearly who is meant by it. i.e. I, we, you etc.

However, third person pronouns must have an عائد ,an antecedent (a preceding noun to

determine who is being referred to). [Khalid] antecedent is a student. [He] third person pronoun referring to antecedent is hardworking.

In this sentence, the pronoun ‘he’ refers to antecedent “Khalid”.

د ه ت م و ، ه ب ال د ط ال خ 2. If there are both masculine and feminine antecedents the masculine will be given preference in

terms of agreement.

.متهدونهم طالب. عائشةو خدجیةو أحد

3. The pronoun for a non-human plural antecedent will be singular feminine.

ثینةهي . جديدةالکتب

The books are new. They are expensive.

When you are translating ensure you do not translate the هي which refers to non-human plural

as “she”. 4. The pronoun must agree with its antecedent in both number and gender. The number and

gender of the pronoun does not have to agree with the noun it is joint to.

ه ت ی ب و م ل ع م ل ا The teacher and his house

ام ه ت ی ب و ان م ل ع م ل ا The teachers (d) and their house

م ه ت ی ب و ن و م ل ع م ل ا The teachers and their house

اه ت ی ب و ة م ل ع م ل ا The teacher and her house

ااه ت ی ب و ة م ل ع م ل ا The teacher and her houses (d)

اه ت و ی ب و ة م ل ع م ل ا The teacher and her houses

5. The particle و is used to join two nouns or phrases together. It is translated as and. The و is

written closer to the second word. In typesetting, there is no space after the و.

القلم کبریو الکتاب صغری The book is small and the pen is big.

6. When و comes before a noun with ال, the الف will not be pronounced, it will be silent.

کبی ر م ل ق ال و ر ی غ ص الکتاب

41

We will discuss و and other conjunctions (joining particles) in more detail later on.


ممد تاجر. هو أمی. (1

خدجیة طباخة. هي ماهرة. (2

التجار مسافرون. هم تعبون. (3

البنان صاحلان. ها أمینان. (4

البنتان خادمتان. ها کسالنتان. (5

مری وخدجیة طالبتان. ها متهدان. (6

الباب مفتوح والشباك مغلق. ها جیدان. (7

صغری. ها رخیصان. الکراسة کبریة والکتاب (8

إبراهیم وإمساعیل وخالد أصدقاء. هم طالب. (9

خالد وعمر وحزة طالب املدرسة. هم أصدقاء. (11Exercise 5 Translate into Arabic. 1) The servants (f/p) are sisters. They are honest. 2) The students are hardworking. They are successful. 3) The bags (d) are new. They are heavy. 4) The cars are old. They are slow. 5) The teachers are pious. They are well mannered. 6) The driver is old. He is experienced. 7) The cook (f) is new. She is skilful. 8) The boys (d) are absent. They are tired. 9) The mother is weak and the father is strong. They are honest. 10) Khalid, Khadijah and Aishah are Hamzah’s children. They are small.


ضمی ر

عائد

Pronoun Antecedent

Do you know … ?

What a pronoun is?

When pronouns are used?

Where subjects pronouns are used?

Where possessive pronouns are used?

How the word أنا is pronounced?

How you would determine the meaing of pronouns like أنا ,أنتما ,ها and نن.

What Arabic pronoun is used for non-human plurals.

What pronoun is used if there are both masculine and feminine antecedents?

42

Lesson 10 Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns are used when you want to indicate who owns or is associated with an item

i.e. it is used in place of املضاف إلیه. هکتاب

his book ب ال الط کتاب

the student’s books

These pronouns always come attached to a noun. They are as follows.

Possessive Pronouns

His ه Singular

Masculine

Third Person

Their (m/d) ا Dual ه

Their (m/p) ه م Plural

Her ها Singular

Feminine Their (f/d) ا Dual ه

Their (f/p) ه ن Plural

Your (m/s) ك Singular

Masculine

Second Person

Your (m/d) ک ما Dual

Your (m/p) ک م Plural

Your (f/s) ك Singular

Feminine Your (f/d) ک ما Dual

Your (f/p) ک ن Plural

My (m,f) ي Singular Masculine / Feminine

First Person Our (m,f /d,p) نا Plural

Practice using these pronouns by adding them to different nouns. Remember, the first word is

.on it ضمة so it will have a ,املضاف

م،ه ماکتاب ،ه کتاب ، کتاب ها، کتاب ه ما، کتاب ه م ....کتاب Note:

When a feminine word is joint to a possessive pronoun, the ة is written just like a normal ت.

کراستك –کراسة Exercise 1 Translate the following possessive phrases into English. Notice how the possessive pronoun is used.

کتاب (1

دروسنا (2

مائها (3

قلمهما (4

مفتاحه (5

مرامسهم (6

43

بیوهتن (7

ربك (8

أخواتکم (9

عیونکن (11

متك معل (11

نبینا (12

دينهم (13

أصدقائك (14

كمابلد (15

Exercise 2 Translate into Arabic. 1) his story 2) their (m/d) house 3) their (m/p) wages 4) her office 5) their (f/d) train

6) their (f/p) hearts 7) your (m/s) cycle 8) your (m/d) friend 9) your (m/p) friendship 10) your (f/s) city

11) your (f/d) sister 12) your (f/p) houses 13) my hand 14) his mother 15) our prophet

Note: There are two sets of pronouns, subject pronouns and possessive pronouns. The subject pronoun is

used as a subject and comes on its own. The possessive pronoun is used as املضاف إلیه and comes

attached to a noun.

رجل subject pronoun[أنا]I am a man.

possessive pronoun[ي]ب )کتاب( کتاmy book

The masculine dual and plural, and feminine dual and plural are the same in both subject and possessive pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns

Subject Pronouns

Singular ه و ه

Masculine

Third Person

ا ا ه Dual ه

Plural ه م ه م

Singular هي ها

Feminine ا ا ه Dual ه

Plural ه ن ه ن

Singular أنت ك

Masculine

Second Person

Dual أن ت ما ک ما

Plural أن ت م ک م

Singular أنت ك

Feminine أن ت ما ک ما Dual

ک ن Plural أن ت

ي / Singular Masculine أنا Feminine

First Person Plural نن نا

44

Exercise 3 Translate into English. Notice the difference between the subject and possessive pronouns.

أختك هي (1

هاأخت (2

هو شرطي (3

مکتبه (4

نن معلمون (5

مونامعل (6

ها مهندسان (7

أنت راکب (8

ولدك (9

کبارأنتم (11

قطاركم (11

کراستهما (12

فقری أنا (13

بیيت (14

والدك (15

هأنت أم (16

Exercise 4 Translate into Arabic. Ensure you use the correct pronoun. 1) he is a driver 2) his driver 3) you are a teacher (f/s) 4) your (f/s) teacher 5) she is a traveller

6) its (f) passengers 7) her son 8) you are his son 9) you (m/d) are present 10) your wife

Note:

When the possessive pronoun is used the ن of the dual and masculine plural will drop as in normal

possessive phrases.

البالط کتابا تاباهک


هقلما (1

معلموهم (2

ماهتن معل (3

جناحاها (4

عجلتاه (5

قلماك (6

اهصديق (7

والداهم (8

اخوهمطب (9

بنونا (11

مهندسوهم (11

سائقوها (12Notes:

1. The word for “my” is a simple ي. The last letter of the word before it is given a کسرة and the ي

itself carries a سکون.

+ ي کتاب اب ت ک

2. However, if the املضاف is a dual the ي will carry a فتحة. The Dhammah Form The Kasra Form

+ ي صديقا

ي صدي قاخالد وعامر Khalid and Amir are my friends (d)

ي حقیبتی

حقیبيت أقالمي ف My pens are in my two bags.

45

3. Similarly, if the املضاف is a masculine plural the ي will carry a فتحة. However, the و will change to

a ي to make pronunciation easier.

+ ي( ي م ل ع )م ي م علم + ي و م م عل ن و م ل ع م

In other words, if the املضاف has a dropped ن, (the rules of which we have studied earlier) the ي

will have a فتحة; and in all other cases it will have a sakin ( ي).

4. Broken plurals with the possessive pronoun ي behave the same as normal singular nouns with

the possessive pronoun ي.

أقالمي ق لمي Exercise 6

Translate into English. Ensure you pronounce the ي correctly.

کتاب (1

کتاباي (2

کتب (3

سائقي (4

سائقاي (5

سائقي (6

سیارتاي (7

سیارايت (8

سیاريت (9

ميمعل (11

ماي معل (11

مي معل (12

Exercise 7 Translate into Arabic. 1) my cook 2) my two cooks 3) my cooks

4) my house 5) my two houses 6) my houses

7) my son 8) my two sons 9) my sons

10) my plane 11) my two planes 12) my planes

Exercise 8


cave کهف ک ه وف companion, people of صاحب أصحاب


dog کلب کالب people ق وم أق وام

Translate the following phrases into English. Notice how the pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number and gender.

املسلمون ودينهم (1

اساهتموکر البالط (2

راجة وعجلتاهاالد (3

وحقائبهم املسافرون (4

همااألختان وأم (5

ائرة وراکبوهاالط (6

ديقان وصداقتهماالص (7

وعقرباها الساعة (8

النهر ومائه (9

قان وحافلتهمائالسا (11

املدرسة وفصوهلا (11

جل وزوجتهالر (12

وأصحابه ]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ ممد (13

األنبیاء وأصحابم (14

أصحاب الکهف وکلبهم (15


teachings ت علیم ت عالیم sky (fem.) مساء مسوات


friend (f) صدي قة صدي قات kid طفل أطفال

46


enemy, foe عد و أعداء toys ل عبة ل عب


director, principal م دير م دي ر ون star نم ن وم

Translate into Arabic. 1) the man and his friend 2) the boys and their sister 3) the kids and their toys 4) the house and it’s window 5) the lock and its keys 6) you (f/s) and your friends 7) the earth and its rivers

8) the sky and its stars 9) we and our people 10) Islam and its teachings 11) the students (f) and their efforts 12) the company and its directors. 13) the principal and his teachers 14) the mother and her two daughters

Possessive Pronouns in Sentences Phrases with possessive pronouns in them can become either the subject or predicate of sentences.

خرب[صغری] مبتدأ[کتاب] خرب[صديقي] مبتدأ[أنت ]Exercise 10


servant عبد عباد ، عبید rich, independent غن أغنیاء poor, needy فقی ر ف قراء


broken - مکس ور O Allah - الل ه م grandfather جد أجداد


هو أستاذي (1

هي أمي (2

أنت متهد (3

أنتما ابناي (4

نن مسلمون (5

اهلل رب (6 اهلل ربنا (7 اهلل خالقنا (8 اهلل رازقنا (9

الشیطان عدونا (11

الکعبة قبلتنا (11 اإلسالم ديننا (12

القرآن کتابنا (13

نت غن ونن فقراء أ الل هم (14

وأنا عبدك ألل هم أنت رب (15

Exercise 11 Translate into Arabic. 1) You are my friend. 2) He is our teacher. 3) She is your (f) mother. 4) They are our friends. 5) My pen is small. 6) Your (f/d) bags are heavy. 7) Your (m/p) rooms are clean. 8) Our grandfather is pious.

9) Your employees are lazy. 10) Her board is dirty. 11) Your (f/s) children are active. 12) His chair is broken. 13) Their (m/d) garden is clean. 14) Their cooks (m/p) are experienced. 15) He is your principal. 16) They are my friends.

Exercise 12


shoe حذاء أحذية curtain ستارة ستائر


food طعام أطعمة tasty - لذيذ

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like, similar to مثل أمثال fruitful - م ثمر profitable - م ربح


partner, shareholder

م ساهم -happy - مسر ور well-mannered - م هذب


باخ ماهر وطعامه لذيذ.الط (1

بنوه مثله.و العال صاحل (2

شاخمة. اومنائره ةجد کبری ااملس (3

.مها جیدوقل ةبورة جیدالس (4

احلديقة کبریة وأشجارها مثمرة. (5

.طويلةوأظفاره ةفل وسخالط يد (6

بة وحجرهتا نظیفة.وجة مهذ الز (7

.تها وسیعةجنحأکبریة و اتائر الط (8

نب اهلل وابناه نبیان. )علیه السالم( إبراهیم (9

.ةره وسخئالشباك مفتوح وستا (11

فوه متهدون.املطعم جید ومؤظ (11

ن.و رکة مرحبة ومساهوها مسرور الش (12

ائرة ثینة وراکبوها أغنیاء.الط تذاکر (13

ما ناجحون.طالبخبریان و مان املعل (14

ا غائبون.طالبأستاذ املدرسة حاضر و (15

نبینا]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ دنن مسلمون؛ اهلل ربنا واإلسالم ديننا ومم (16

Exercise 13


dry - جاف trunk جذع ج ذ وع sock جورب جوارب (one who doesn’t wear hijab)

سافرة سافرات healthy صحیح أصحاء ، صحاح


Branch غ صن غ ص ون Shirt قمیص ق م ص Wet - م بتل (one who wears hijab)

م تجبة م تجبات handkerchief منديل منادل

Translate into Arabic. 1) I (f) am ill and my sister is healthy. 2) The plane is big and its two wings are wide. 3) Zaid's shirt is dirty and his handkerchief is wet. 4) Khalid’s shoes are clean and his socks are dry. 5) She wears hijab and her sister doesn't wear hijab.

6) Allah S is our lord and Muhammad s is his prophet. 7) The house door is open and the windows are open. 8) The branches of the tree are long and its trunk is strong. 9) You (m/d) are well mannered and your exercise books are clean. 10) The teachers of the madrasah are skilled and the students are hardworking.

Exercise 14 Identify the mistakes in the following sentences, explain the cause of the error and then correct them.

أنت کبری أخت (1

لعب األطفال وأصدقائه (2

أظفارهاو الکلب (3

األقفال ومفاتیحهم (4

ك عال (5

لذيذة ي ه طعام (6

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البیوت وأبوابم (9 نن مساء (8 األخت وبیتها (7

[صلیاهللعلیهوسلم]نبینامحمد


uncle عم أعمام Qiblah لة قب


wet nurse ة ع ض ر /م ع ض ر م مراضع

place of birth مولد

مکة مولده حلیمة. مرضعهو طالب أبو عمهو الم طلب، عبد جدهو آمنة، أمهو ،اهلل عبد والده نبینا، ]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ممد الکعبة قبلته.و


Do you know …?

Both set of pronouns by heart?

The difference in their usage?

Which Arabic pronoun is used for it?

How ي is pronounced as a possessive pronoun?

Pronouns

Subject Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns

49

Lesson 11 Prepositions

Prepositions are small words that can be used with nouns to give information about position or movement.

in the house by the supermarket near his house towards the mosque

In Arabic, prepositions are called جارة حروف (the plural of جار حرف ), or ظروف (plural of ظرف).

The following are commonly used prepositions.

الحروفالجارة فورالظ

in ف under ت ت on ی لع above ق و ف from من in front of ام م أ to, towards إلی behind ف ل خ for ل behind اء ر و with ب with ع م like ك by عند

prepositional phrase[noun[ة ار ی الس ] preposition[ف ] ]

in the car

Notes

1. Words after prepositions behave like املضاف إلیه i.e. they have a کسرة or its equivalent (as in the

case with تثنیة and masculine plurals).

ی م ل ع م ال د ن ع

by the teachers

ی اب علی الب on the two doors

ة ر ج احل ف in the room

.خرب if it is a ضمة remain as they are in all circumstances, i.e. it will not carry a احلروف اجلارة .2

خرب[البیت ف ] مبتدأ[ل ج لر ا ][The man] is [in the house].

روفالظ usually have a فتحه. [البیت ق فو ]الطیور[ ]

[The birds] are [above the house].

3. When the preposition ل is placed before a word with ال the ا is not written.

ج ل للر جلالر للرجل

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4. When the preposition ل is placed before the word اهلل the alif is dropped and no ل is added.

اهلل

لله ل هلل for Allah

5. When ن م is added to a word with ال the نون is given a فتحة to help pronunciation.

الب یت ن م من + البیت

Exercise 1 Translate the following into English. Notice how the prepositions are used and how the words after them are affected.

فوق البیت (1

یعند الباب (2

مام الشباكأ (3

ماتعند املعل (4

ينللمسافر (5

مع الکراسات (6

ف احلافالت (7

لوالديك (8

من البلد (9

تت القطار (11

إلی املدينة (11

عامالط ف (12

ينللجد (13

مع صاحبك (14

فوق الشجرة (15

Exercise 2 Translate into Arabic. 1) in the garage 2) on the books 3) from the office 4) towards the city 5) for the students (f)

6) above the mountains 7) under the car 8) in front of the fire 9) behind the driver 10) with a cycle

11) in the masjid 12) for a friend 13) on the toy 14) from the beginning 15) to the end

Notes:

1. Possessive pronouns can also be used with prepositions, just like nouns.

هن خلف behind of them (f/p)

هأمام in front of him

ك یعل upon you

2. As mentioned before pronouns don’t change to ضمة or کسرة; they stay the same in all

conditions. However, some pronouns do change when they are joint to prepositions or if they

come after a کسرة. This is to make pronunciation easier. The changes are highlighted in the

table below.

51

مضاف إلیه ب علی ف إلی من ل ه علی کتاب ه ب علیه فیه إلیه منه له

ماعلی کتاب ماب ماه علی همافی هماإلی من ه ما هل ما

م علی کتاب م ب م ه علی هم فی هم إلی من ه م هل م

ها هلا اعلی کتاب اب هاعلی هافی هاإلی من

ماعلی کتاب ماب ماه علی همافی هماإلی من ه ما هل ما

ن علی کتاب ن ب ن ه علی هن فی هن إلی من ه ن هل ن

ك علی کتاب ك ب ك علی ك فی ك إلی منك لك

ک ماعلی کتاب ک ماب ک ماعلی ک مافی ک ماإلی ک مامن ک مال

ک م علی کتاب ک م ب ک م علی ک م فی ک م إلی ک م من ک م ل

ك علی کتاب ك ب ك علی ك فی ك إلی منك لك ک ماعلی کتاب ک ماب ک ماعلی ک مافی ک ماإلی ک مامن ک مال

ک ن علی کتاب ک ن ب ک ن علی ک ن فی ک ن إلی ک ن من ک ن ل

علی کتاب ب علي ف إل من ل

ناکتاب علی ناب ناعلی نافی ناإلی منا نال

Note that the preposition ك doesn’t come with a pronoun.

أنت كهاYou are like her.

3. The preposition ل comes with a کسرة when there is a noun after it.

لوالد ل لرجل، ل

However, when ل is added to a pronoun it comes with a فتحة. In ل the ل stays with a کسرة.

ك ل ه، ل

Exercise 3 Translate into English. Ensure you pronounce the words correctly.

له (1

فینا (2

هألم (3

إلیهما (4

هلل (5

منه (6

إلیهما (7

علیهما (8

لألستاذ (9

هماقلمعلی (11

هممع (11

بم (12

منهم (13

هلم (14

أمامكن (15

تتنا (16

هن عند (17

ف سیارهتم (18

معنا (19

هخلف (21

لربه (21

علیهم (22

فیه (23

منك (24

إلیکم (25

بکن (26

همفوق (27

تت کتبهن (28

هعند (29

ماورائه (31

ل (31

لك (32

للمسلم (33

إلی اهلل (34

معي (35

52

Note:

If a possessive phrase comes after a preposition, the املضاف will carry a کسرة.

الرجل ت ف بی –بیت الرجل We did mention before that the املضاف has a ضمة. That was just as a guide. In reality the املضاف doesn’t have its own harakat; it takes the harakat according to its position. So as a مبتدأ or خرب it will

have a ضمة, after a preposition it will have a ةکسر etc. in Prepositional Phrase املضاف خرب as املضاف مبتدأ as املضاف

التاجر[ ن نن ]ف د کا خرباألخت[ د خالد ]وال کبری مبتدأالرج ل[ ت ]ب ی

Exercise 4

Translate into English. Notice the state of the املضاف. All are not complete sentences.

طعام الطباخ لذيذ (1

ف طعام الطباخ (2

مسافر القطار غن (3

ملسافر القطار (4

مسافرا القطار غنیان (5

مسافرو القطار أغنیاء (6

ملسافري القطار (7

طالبة املدرسة (8

ف سیارة الرجل (9

ف سیارات الرجال (11Prepositional Phrases as Predicates

A prepositional phrase may be used as a predicate, خرب.

خرب[ف المسجد ] مبتدأج ل [الر ]

[The man] is [in the masjid].

In this case the predicate does not have any agreement with its subject.

دلاألو األم مع جل عند الولدينالر املسلمون ف املسجد

Exercise 5


sofa أريکة أرائك imam إمام أئمة ladies مرأة ا نساء grocers - ة ال ق ب side جانب جوانب shop د کان دکاکی shelf رف ر ف وف street شارع شوارع


pole, pillar عم ود أعمدة electricity - كهرباء airport ار ط م مطارات library ةب ت ک م مکاتب table طاولة طاولت

people ناس أ ناس centre, middle وسط أوساط


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جل ف املکتبةالر (1

ساء ف البقالةالن (2

الطائرات ف املطار (3

وارعالسیارات علی الش (4

ارعسیاريت ف وسط الش (5

ارعسیارتك علی جانب الش (6

ف الر الکتب علی (7

ری فوق الشجرةالط (8

اإلمام أمام الناس (9

هالناس خلف (11

طاولةعند الاألستاذ (11

الکلب تت األريکة (12

والداي مع أخيت (13

استكکتاب مع کر (14

أقالمها ف حقیبتك (15

ائرة فوق املطارالط (16

البالط د ورة أمام مناض السب (17

دراجيت عند عمود الکهرباء (18

Exercise 6


gift ت فة ت ف date ترة ترات walking path, platform

صیف ر أرصفة ، ر ص ف cloud سحاب س ح ب


fasting person صائم صائم ون London - لندن

pencil case مقلمة مقال Japan - يابان

Translate into Arabic. 1) The sun is in the sky. 2) We are in the bus. 3) The gift is for the wife. 4) The book is for my father. 5) My sister is on the platform. 6) The train is by the platform. 7) The dog is in the garden. 8) Your books are on the shelf. 9) The airport is in the city. 10) Your house is next to the library.

11) The sky is above the mountains. 12) The mountain is under the clouds. 13) The two drivers are in the two cars. 14) The teachers are in the classes. 15) The pens and pencils are in the pencil case. 16) I am from London and you are from Japan. 17) He is on the side of the street. 18) They are on their bikes. 19) His bike is on the pavement. 20) The dates and water are for the fasting people.


Prepositions

ظرف

ظ ر وف

ح ر وف جارة

حرف جار

Do you know … ?

What happens to words after prepsotions?

What change ح ر وف جارة undergo?

What harakat comes on ظ ر وف?

What happens to the ال when the preposition ل comes before it.

Which set of pronouns are used after prepositions?

What change occurs to pronouns to aid pronunciation?

54

Lesson 12 Indefinite Subjects (There Sentences)

As mentioned previously, the مبتدأ is always معرفة and comes at the beginning of the sentence. The

.مبتدأ and follows the نکرة is usually خرب خرب [ف البیت] معرفة/مبتدأ [جلالر ]

The man is in the house نکرةخرب/[صاحل] معرفة/مبتدأ[جلالر ]

The man is pious However, a speaker may wish to simply state the existence of a subject without stating any information about it.

There is [a man]subject [in the house]predicate. In this example, the speaker is merely informing that a man is present in the house. In Arabic, this type of sentence differs from normal nominal sentences in two ways:

1. the subject is indefinite (نکرة) 2. the predicate precedes the subject

(نکرة) مبتدأ[ل جر] خرب]ف البیت[

These types of sentences are used when the predicate is a prepositional clause. When translating

them, the word “there” must be brought at the beginning of the sentence followed by the مبتدأ then

the خرب .

[ ]الر ]علی [کتب فThere are [books]subject [on the shelf]predicate.

Exercise 1


sign, verse آية آيات box ص ند وق صناديق


juice - عصی ر mouse, rat فأر فی ران


لألولد تف (1

ف القرآن آيات (2

ف اخلزانة أوراق (3

ف کتابه قصص (4

تت األريکة فأر (5

علی رفك کراسات (6

ف بلدنا مسجدان (7

الب سبورةالط أمام (8

ندوق لعبالص ف (9

ف املکتبة رفوف (11

علی الشارع سیارات (11

ف مطار البلد طیارات (12

ف السماء سحب ونوم (13

عند عمود الکهرباء دراجتان (14

ف املقلمة أقالم ومراسم (15

صیف رجال ونساءالر علی (16

عصریطعام و طاولةعلی ال (17

علی شباك الغرفة ستارة (18

Exercise 2 Translate into Arabic. 1) There are some sofas in his room. 2) There is a branch on the tree. 3) There is a lady on the bus.

55

4) There are socks in your shoes. 5) There are poor people on the street. 6) There are two kids in my garden. 7) There is a pencil case on the handkerchief. 8) There are planes and passengers in the airport. 9) There are bicycles and cars in the middle of the road. 10) There is a train by the platform and there are travellers in the train.

Exercise 3


cup ک وب أکواب next to - جانب( ب)بانب +


plate صحن ص ح ون

Translate into English. Ensure you differentiate between normal sentences and sentences with indefinite subjects.

ائرة ف املطارالط (1

کتب علی رفك (2

ف الشارع سیارات (3

بیتك بانب الدکان (4

بانب الدکان بیوت (5

الة عند املکتبةالبق (6

عند املکتبة دکان (7

ری علی الغصنالط (8

علی الغصن أوراق (9

ماء ف الکوب (11

طاولةعلی ال حنالص (11

احلذاء تت األريکة (12

علی األريکة قمیصان (13

ندوقالص عب ف الل (14

ندوق جوارب الص ف (15

مکةوالمدینة


place - مقام the sacred mosque

المسجد احلرام -hotel ق د ف ن ف نادق well بئ ر آبار graveyard مقربة مقابر


around )حول )الظرف

person performing tawaaf

طائف طائف ون grave ق ب ر ق ب ور place of Hijrah - مهجر name اسم أمساء

ف املسجد م بئر زمز ،طائفون حوهلا، حول الکعبة أمامها، املسجد احلرام ]علیه السالم[ة، مقام إبراهیم الکعبة ف مک اخمة، حول ، املنائر شمنائر احلرام علی املسجد، ]رضی اهلل عنها[، فیها قرب خدجیة ‘یجنة املعل ’احلرام، ف مکة مقربة، امسها

، جسامل کبریة. الساعةلی فندق ساعة، ع والفنادق شاخمة،د فنادق ]صلی اهلل علیه )والد النب اهلل قرب عبد ف مسجد النب، ]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[ هقرب ، ]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[املدينة مهجر النب

.‘جنة البقیع’، وقرب سیدنا عثمان ف ]صلی اهلل علیه وسلم[قرب سیدنا ع مر عند قرب النب ( ف املدينة،وسلم[

56

Lesson 13 Adverbials

As mentioned before a prepositional phrase can be used as a predicate (خرب), A prepositional phrase can also be used as an adverbial, a م ت علق. An adverbial is an extra part of a

sentence which gives us additional information about either the subject or predicate.

[رب م ت علق اخل [فيالفصل] خرب]قائم[]هو [He] is [standing] [in the class]adverbial.

ید ج [أ م ت علق الم بتد [فيالمدینة] مبتدأ[س ق الط ]][The weather] [in Madeenah]adverbial is [good].

Exercise 1


matter, issue مر أ أ م ور far بعید ب ع داء business - ة تار university جامعة جامعات


market, town س وق أسواق close - قريب engineering - هندسة

Note: سوق can be used as both masculine and feminine.

Translate into English. Ensure you translate the adverbials correctly.

هم تار من لندن (1

مسرور بابنه اجلد (2

نن فقراء إلی اهلل (3

أمي خملصة ف أمري (4

أنت مدير ف املکتب (5

ا خبریان ف التجارةه (6

م ف اجلامعةخالد متعل (7

وقبیيت قريب من الس (8

ف ف املکتبةهو مؤظ (9

مدرستهامديرة ف رقیة (11

جامعتنا بعیدة من البلد (11

هن حاضرات ف الفصل (12

هي طباخة ف مطعم اجلامعة (13

ب جالسون ف الفصلال الط (14

الدکان عنداألختان قائمتان (15

التجار مساهون ف الشرکة (16

املسافرون راکبون ف القطار (17

املهندسون ماهرون ف اهلندسة (18

ب ناجحون ف امتحان املدرسةال الط (19

مبتل باملاء وقمیصه وسخ بالعصری منديلها (21

Exercise 2


service - خدمة from (preposition) - عن saying, speech ق ول أق وال


writing - کتابة busy - مشغ ول filled - مل وء

Translate into Arabic. 1) He is quick in writing. 2) The cups are filled with water.

57

3) The plate is filled with food. 4) The boy is standing by the table. 5) Allah is independent from people. 6) My house is close to your shop. 7) His office is far from the grocers. 8) Your (m) sister is sitting in her room. 9) The food in your restaurant is tasty.

10) They are drivers in the bus company. 11) We (f/d) are teachers in the school. 12) They (f/p) are untruthful in their speech. 13) The prophets are truthful in their speech. 14) She is busy in the service of deen (religion). 15) The boy is standing by the electricity pole. 16) The student (f) is sitting by the library shelf.

Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into English. Ensure you differentiate between the adverbial prepositional phrases and predicative prepositional phrases.

الدکان قريب من املکتبة (1

الدکان وراء املکتبة (2

السوق بعیدة من املقربة (3

السوق خلف املقربة (4

الکوب ملوء بعصری (5

العصری ف الکوب (6

الفصلالوالد قائم ف (7

الفصلاألولد ف (8

البنت جالسة علی األريکة (9

البنات عند أمهاهتم (11Differentiating Between "NORMAL SENTENCES" & "THERE" Sentences

Does the sentence start with a preposition?

No

Normal

Sentence

زيد ف البیت

Yes

"THERE" sentence

ف الب یت رج ل

58

Revision Lessons

Vocab

Exercise 1 Complete the crossword below without using any dual words.

ا ا ا ا ن ا 4 4

Exercise 2 Match the items with their places.

أعمدة الکهرباء جامعة إمام رصیف دکاکی سوق راکبون شارع

طائرات صحن طائفون کوب

طعام مسجد طالب املسجد احلرام

قرب مطار ماء مقربة

مراسم مقلمة کتاب مکتبة

Exercise 3 Write an appropriate word to match the words below. One is done for you.

هندسة: مهندس

:کتاب

59

:تاجر

Exercise 4 Circle the odd word.

حذاء، جورب، منديل، قمیص، غصن (1

طعام، شجرة، جذع، ورقغصن، (2

سوق، تارة، راکب، راتب، شرکة (3

قوم، ريح، نم، جبل، مساء (4

عجلة، ظفر، قلوب قلب، يد، (5

تعلم، معلم، جامعة، حافلة، أستاذم (6

، نساء، کرسي، أريکة، رف طاولة (7

، طری، مطارةراکب، قطار، طائر (8

Exercise 5 Unscramble the following words.

د ب ل (1

ح ن ج ا (2

ا د ج ة ر (3

ةع ل ج (4

ر ت ب ا (5

ك ب ر ا (6

ص أ ب ع (7

ل ب ج (8

ب ا ن (9

ر ق ط ا (11

ك ش ر ة (11

ن س ي ف ة (12

ذ ک ر ت ة (13

ف ك ه (14

ب ك ل (15Exercise 6 Write the opposites of the following words.

قريب (1

فوق (2

أمام (3

جاف (4

عدو (5

أغنیاء (6

حاضر (7

رخیص (8

قدی (9

Exercise 7 Write the translation of the following words.

عقرب (1

عجلة (2

معلم (3

متعلم (4

طری (5

مطار (6

طائرة (7

صادق (8

صديق (9

صداقة (11

راتب (11

راکب (12

مکتب (13

مکتبة (14

کبری (15

خبری (16

تاجر (17

تار (18

تارة (19

قلب (21

کلب (21

مکسور (22

مسرور (23

إمام (24

أمام (25Spelling / Vocab Test Write the Arabic of the following words. Ensure you spell them correctly. Place the harakat on them as well.

wide ک parents bird

dirty ک two boys plane

friend ک boy car

friendship ک father board

truthful ک new good

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Grammar Exercise 8 1) What is a dual?

2) How is the dual made?

3) What happens to the dual when it is املضاف?

4) What happens to the dual when it is إلیه املضاف?

5) Which word of the sentence does the خرب agree with if the subject is made of a possessive

phrase.

6) How is the masculine plural made?

7) Which words can be made into the masculine plural?

8) What happens to the masculine plural when it is املضاف?

9) What happens to the masculine plural when it is إلیه املضاف?

10) How is the feminine plural made?

11) Which letter of the feminine plural drops off in possessive phrase?

12) What special rule applies to non-human plurals?

13) Which names are غری املنصرف?

14) What is the difference between the usage of subject pronouns and possessive pronouns?

15) How is the English word “it” translated into Arabic?

16) What does a preposition do?

17) What happens to the word after a preposition.

18) What two forms can a prepositional phrase take in a sentence?

19) How are sentences with indefinite subjects made?

20) How are they translated?

21) What is an adverbial?

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Supplement This section contains verses from the Quran, Ahadith and Arabic proverbs and sayings. It will be very useful to memorize the proverbs. The vocab in this section is very intensive. Try your best to cover as much as you can. However, upcoming lessons will not be based on this vocab so don’t worry too much if you can’t cover it all.

Notes: 1. If a sentence relates to a future event, like the hereafter, heaven or hell, then instead of using

the present tense linking words “is” and “are” you will have to use the future tense linking words such as “will be”.

هل م جنات There will be gardens for them.

2. In some cases the خرب may be معرفة and have ال. Don’t worry too much about it at the moment.

This will be discussed in due course.

منالقرآنThe following are some verses from the Quran. Translate them.


army ج ند ج ن ود praise - حد

journey رحلة رحالت sustenance رزق أرزاق respectful provision - رزق کری the one who asks سائل سائلی winter شتاء أشتیة evil شر ش ر ور chest صدر ص د ور summer صیف أصیاف punishment عذاب أعذبة mighty punishment - عذاب عظیم


dark night - غاسق morning - ف لق

elephant فیل أف یال worth, power قدر أقدار wealth مال أموال deprived مر وم م ر وم ون illness مرض أمراض forgiveness - مغفرة those who believe م وقن م وقن ون whisper, whisperer وسواس وساوس friend ول أولیاء

ل (1 لحمد لل اللیاء اللل (2 أو صدورل الناسل (3 فل بلربل الفلقل (4

لیلة القدرل (5ق (6 ملن شرل غاسلیم (7 رة ورلزق کرل لهم مغفلیلل (8 بلأصحابل الفل

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ماءل رلزقكم (9 وفل السم (11 یهل ید اللل فوق أیدلیم (11 ین عذاب عظل لللکافلرلم (12 قلوبلهل مرض ]المنافقنی[فلیفل (13 تاءل والص رلحلة الشل

ل (14 مواتل واألرضل لل جنود الس األرضل آیات لللموقلنلنی (15 فل ملن شرل الوسواسل (16مواتل واألرضل (17 ربنا رب السم (18 أمواللهل ائللل والمحروم ]المتقنی[فل حق لللس

ثیمناألحادBelow are some ahadith. Translate them into English.


to ascribe partners - إشراك to adopt a middle course, to economize - اقتصاد world - ن یا الدpatience, judgement, equanimity

أناة -gift, present ت فة ت ف bell جرس أجراس group جاعة جاعات heaven جنة جنات proof, evidence ح جة ح جج wisdom حکمة حکم creation خلق خ ل وق supplication, prayer د عاء أدعیة head, root رأس ر ء وس pleasure, approval ی رض prison سجن س ج ون anger, displeasure سخط leader سید أسیاد half شطر ش ط ور to search, to try to obtain

طلب -


cleansing - طه ور hurry, haste - عجلة disobedience - عق وق knowledge علم ع ل وم dependant عیل عیال happiness, joy - ف رحة murder - ق تل foot قدم أقدام nation, people ق وم أق وام major sin رة کبائر کبی treasure of love - مألف brain, marrow, core, essence

م خ خماق fear - خمافة pipe, flute مزمار مزامی ر style of living, income

معیشة معايش death - موت soul ن فس ن ف وس expenditure ن فقة ن فقات

املؤمن مألف (1

الدنیا سجن املؤمن (2

الدنیا جنة الکافر (3

اهلل خمافة احلکمة رأس (4

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اجلرس مزامری الشیطان (5

اخللق عیال اهلل (6

األناة من اهلل والعجلة من الشیطان (7

الطهور شطر اإلمیان (8

املوت تفة املومن (9

الدعاء مخ العبادة (11

القرآن حجة لك أو علیك (11

سید القوم ف السفر خادمهم (12

اجلنة تت أقدام األمهات (13

طلب العلم فريضة (14

اعةيد اهلل علی اجلم (15

القتصاد ف النفقة نصف املعیشة (16

]الکبائر[ ]اإلشراك باهلل، وعقوق الوالدين و قتل النفس ... (17 للصائم فرحتان، فرحة عند فطره وفرحة عند لقاء ربه (18

رضی الرب ف رضی الوالد، وسخط الرب ف سخط الوالد (19

منکالمالعرب

Below are some Arabic proverbs and useful sentences. Translate them into English. Translation Plural Singular

sin إث آثام abstain - اجتناب favour, kind act - إحسان hereafter - اآلخرة

backward - إدبار to be engaged, to be occupied

اشتغال -forward - إق بال human - إنسان devout, pious بار ، ب ر أب رار experience, tribulation

تربة تارب seeking knowledge - ت علم taqwa (fear of Allah) - ت قو ی fruit ثرة ثرات ignorant جاهل ج هالء body جسم أجسام ignorance - جهل

greed - حرص movement حرکة حرکات


regress - دبار حرکة اإل

progress - ق بال حرکة اإلgood deed حسنة حسنات protection, - حفظ sweetness - حالوة

living حي أحیاء fear - خوف home, abode, place, دار ديار disgrace - ذ ل comfort, rest - راحة opinion, view, idea رأي آراء soul ر وح أرواح slip, lapse ت زلة زلincrease زيادة زيادات beauty, adornment زين happiness, joy - س ر ور safety, wellbeing - سالمة question س ؤال أسئلة misdeed, fault سیئة سیئات

64


case, state, character, quality

شأن ش ئ ون patience - صب ر

health - صحة length, size ط ول أطوال intelligent عاقل ع قالء scholar عال عالم ون world عال عالم ون servant عبد عباد haste - ع جلة understanding, intelligence

عقل ع ق ول sick ء علیل أعالdeception, delusion, conceit

غ ر ور -void, vacancy, idleness, inactivity

ف راغ -relief - ف رج poverty, need, lack

ف قر -


loan, debt ق رض ق ر وض littleness, less قلة قلل contentment - ق ناعة grave حلد حل ود tongue لسان ألسنة love - مبة bitterness مرارة مرائر

harvest مزرعة مزارع scissors مقراض مقاريض intimate companion م قرب م قرب ون cradle مهد م ه ود lifeless, dead میت أموات regret - ندامة speech - ن طق means, medium, لة وسائل وسی time وقت أوقات

الذل مفتاح احلرص (1 الراحة مفتاح القناعة (2

الفرج مفتاح الصرب (3

احملبة مقراض القرض (4 اآلخرة مزرعة الدنیا (5 اإلحسان عبد اإلنسان (6

الدنیا دار الغرور (7

اآلخرة دار السرور (8

رأي العلیل علیل (9

بطیئة اإلقبال حرکة (11

سريعة اإلدبار حرکة (11

ف العجلة الندامة (12

زلة العال زلة العال (13

یو ق العلم وسیلة إلی الت (14

الندامة العجلة ثرة (15

ال نصف العلمالسؤ (16

اجلهل موت األحیاء (17

الناس ف فقر من خوف الفقر (18

طول التجارب زيادة ف العقل (19

النطق زين والسکوت سالمة (21

املقربیحسنات األبرار سیئات (21

وقت التعلم من املهد إلی اللحد (22

سانل سالمة اإلنسان ف حفظ ال (23

حالوة الدنیا للجهالء ومرارهتا للعقالء (24

الفراغ من شأن األموات والشتغال من شأن األحیاء (25

صحة اجلسم ف قلة الطعام، وصحة الروح ف اجتناب اآلثام (26

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Vocab Arabic to English


أ أ son ابن أب ناء son ابن ب ن ون، أبناء One - أحد

sister أ خت أخوات end آخر أواخر respect, manners

أدب آدابearth أرض أرض ون

sofa أريکة أرائك teacher أ ستاذ أساتذة name اسم أمساء finger إصبع /أ صب ع أصابع Italian إطال إطالی ون O Allah - الل ه م the sacred mosque

المسجد احلرام -to, towards إلی mother أ م أ مهات in front of ام م أ imam إمام أئمة matter, issue مر أ أ م ور ladies إمرأة نساء honest أمی أ مناء human, man - إنسان beginning أول أوائل sign, verse آية آيات


ب ب with ب door باب أب واب

smiling باسم بامس ون next to - بانب garden ب ستان بساتی slow بطيء بطاء

far بعید ب ع داء grocers ة ال ق ب city ب لد بالد daughter بنت ب نات house ب یت ت و ب ی

well بئ ر آبار ت ت businessman تاجر ت ار business - ة تار under ت ت gift ت فة ت ف ticket تذکرة تذاکر

tired تعب تعب ون teachings ت علیم ت عالیم customs ت قلید ت قالید date تر ت ور ث ث heavy ثقیل ثقال expensive ثی ثان

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ج ج dry - جاف sitting جالس جالس ون

university جامعة جامعات side جانب جوانب mountain جبل جبال grandfather جد أجداد new جديد ج دد trunk جذع ج ذ وع newspaper جريدة جرائد beautiful یل ج الء ج

wing جناح أجنحة insanity - ج ن ون effort جهد ج ه ود sock جورب جوارب good جید جیاد ح حpresent حاضر حاضر ون bus حافلة حافالت room ح جرة ح ج رات garden حدي قة حدائق

shoe حذاء أحذية right حق ح ق وق bag حقیبة حقائب around )حول )الظرف

خ خservant ام خادم خدم ، خ د

servant (f) خادمة خادمات

Creator - خالق


expert خبی ر خ ب راء service - خدمة filing cabinet خزانة خزانات

light ، خفاف أخفاف

خفیف

behind ف ل خ friend ء خلیل أخالد دhouse, abode دار ديار

cycle دراجة دراجات lesson درس د ر وس shop د کان دکاکی religion دين أديان ر رwage راتب رواتب sustainer - رازق passengers راکب راکب ون man رج ل رجال cheap (cost), low priced

رخیص -cheap (quality) ردي أردياء

prophet رس ول ر س ل walking path, platform

صیف ر أرصفة ، ر ص ف shelf رف ر ف وف high - رفیع wind ريح رياح ز زclever کي ذ کیاء ذ أ

wife زوجة زوجات

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س سclock ساعة ساعات (one who doesn’t wear hijab)

سافرة سافرات

driver سائق سائق ون board سب ورة ب ورات س

curtain ستارة ستائر cloud سحاب س ح ب quick سريع سراع ship نة س ف ن سفی sky (fem.) مساء مسوات easy - سهل

market, town س وق أسواق car سیارة سیارات

ش شstreet شارع شوارع high, towering - شامخ window ك اش ب شبابیك

tree شجرة أشجار police ش رطي ش رطة company شرکة شرکات sun شس ش وس ص صcompanion, people of

صاحب أصحابhonest صادق صادق ون


fasting person صائم صائم ون journalist صحفي صحفی ون plate صحن ص ح ون


healthy أصحاء ،

صحاح صحیح

friendship - صداقة friend صديق أصدقاء friend (f) صدي قة صدي قات difficult صعب صعاب small صغی ر صغار box ص ند وق صناديق Chinese صین صینی ون

ض ضweak ضعیف ض عفاء ط طstudent ب طالب ط الstudent (f) طالبة طالبات

table طاولة طاولت

plane طائرة طائرات Person performing tawaaf

طائف طائف ون

cook طباخ طباخ ون food طعام أطعمة Kid طفل أطفال tall, long طويل طوال bird طی ر ط ی ور

ظ ظnail ظ فر أظفار

ع عscholar عال عالم ون servant عبد عباد ، عبید wheel عجلة عجالت

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enemy, foe عد و أعداء sweet - عذب juice - عصی ر great عظیم hand of a clock, dial

عقرب عقارب on - ی لع uncle عم أعمام pole, pillar عم ود أعمدة from (preposition)

عن -by - عند eye ی ع ع ی ون

غ غabsent غائب غائب ون room غ رفة غ ر فات branch غ صن غ ص ون anger - غضب rich, independent

غن أغنیاء ف فmouse, rat فأر فی ران empty, free (not busy)

فارغ -class فصل ف ص ول

poor, needy فقی ر ف قراء hotel ق د ف ن ف نادق above - ق و ف in - ف ق قstanding قائم قائم ون

grave ق ب ر ق ب ور


Qiblah - لة قب old ق دماء دیم

ق

close قريب story قصص ، قصة قصص

short قصی ر قصار train قطار ق ط ر lock ق فل أق فال heart ق لب ق ل وب pen ق لم أقالم shirt قمیص ق م ص saying, speech ق ول أق وال people ق وم أق وام strong قوي أقوياء

ك كlike - ك electricity - كهرباء liar کاذب کاذب ون

big کبی ر کبار book کتاب ک ت ب writing - کتابة garage - کراج exercise book ک راسة ک راسات chair ک رسي کراسي

lazy کسالن ک سال ی Dog کلب کالب cave کهف ک ه وف cup ک وب أکواب ل لfor - ل

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tasty - لذيذ Toys ل عبة ل عب London - لندن

night لة لیال لی م م water ماء میاه Owner - مالك expert, skillful ماهر ماهر ون wet - م بتل students م ت علم م ت علم ون like, similar to مثل أمثال fruitful - م ثمر hardworking م تهد م تهد ون (one who wears hijab)

م تجبة م تجبات sincere خم لص خم لص ون school, madrasah

مدرسة مدارس director, principal

م دي ر م دي ر ونprofitable - م ربح pencil مرسم مراسم

wet nurse م رضعة م رضع مراضع/

traveller م سافر م سافر ون partner, shareholder

م ساهم -happy - مسر ور Muslim م سلم م سلم ون busy - مشغ ول airport ار ط م مطارات restaurant مطعم مطاعم with ع م


teacher (f) م علمة م علمات closed - ق ل غ م key مفتاح مفاتیح open - ح و ت ف م place - مقام graveyard قب رة م مقابر pencil case مقلمة مقال place مکان أمکنة office مکتب مکاتب library ة ب ت ک م مکاتب broken - مکس ور file ملف ملفات filled - مل وء from من minaret منارة منائر handkerchief منديل منادل place of Hijrah - مهجر well-mannered - م هذب engineer م هندس م هندس ون

respectful م ؤدب م ؤدب ون

employee م ؤظف م ؤظف ون place of birth مولد ن ن successful ناجح ناجح ون

fire ار ن نی ران

people ناس أ ناس prophet نب نبی ون، أنبیاء star نم ن وم regret - ندم

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Translation Plural Singular active, energetic, lively

نشیط نشاط clean نظیف ن ظفاء

soul ن فس ن ف وس river ن هر أن هار ه هengineering - هندسة و و father - والد parents - والدين behind اء ر و


paper, leaf ورق أوراق

dirty - وسخ

centre, middle وسط أوساط wide وسیع وساع child, boy ولد أولد giver of all things

وهاب - ي ي Japan - يابان hand (feminine) يد أيدي day ي وم أيام

English To Arabic


above - ق و ف absent غائب غائب ون active, energetic, lively

نشیط نشاط

airport ار ط م مطارات anger - غضب around )حول )الظرف

bag حقیبة حقائب beautiful یل ج الء ج

beginning أول أوائل behind - ف ل خ behind - اء ر و big کبی ر کبار bird طی ر ط ی ور board سب ورة ب ورات س

book کتاب ک ت ب box ص ند وق صناديق


branch غ صن غ ص ون broken - مکس ور bus حافلة حافالت business - ة تار businessman تاجر ت ار busy - مشغ ول by - عند car سیارة سیارات cave کهف ک ه وف centre, middle وسط أوساط chair ک رسي کراسي cheap (cost), low priced

رخیص -cheap (quality) ردي أردياء

child, boy ولد أولد Chinese صین صینی ون city ب لد بالد class فصل ف ص ول

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clean نظیف ن ظفاء

clever کي ذ کیاء ذ أ

clock ساعة ساعات close - قريب closed - ق ل غ م cloud سحاب س ح ب companion, people of

صاحب أصحابcompany شرکة شرکات cook طباخ طباخ ون Creator - خالق cup ک وب أکواب curtain ستارة ستائر customs ت قلید ت قالید cycle دراجة دراجات date تر ت ور daughter بنت ب نات day ي وم أيام difficult صعب صعاب director, principal

م دي ر م دي ر ونdirty - وسخ

dog کلب کالب door باب أب واب

driver سائق سائق ون dry - جاف earth أرض أرض ون

easy - سهل

effort جهد ج ه ود electricity - كهرباء employee م ؤظف م ؤظف ون

Translation Plural Singular empty, free (not busy)

فارغ -end آخر أواخر enemy, foe عد و أعداء engineer م هندس م هندس ون

engineering - هندسة exercise book ک راسة ک راسات expensive ثی ثان

expert خبی ر خ ب راء expert, skillful ماهر ماهر ون eye ی ع ع ی ون

far بعید ب ع داء fasting person صائم صائم ون father - والد file ملف ملفات filing cabinet خزانة خزانات filled - مل وء finger إصبع /أ صب ع أصابع fire ار ن نی ران

food طعام أطعمة for - ل friend ء خلیل أخالfriend صديق أصدقاء friend (f) صدي قة صدي قات friendship - صداقة from - من from (preposition)

عن -fruitful - م ثمر garage - کراج garden ب ستان بساتی

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garden حدي قة حدائق

gift ت فة ت ف giver of all things

وهاب -good جید جیاد grandfather جد أجداد grave ق ب ر ق ب ور graveyard مقب رة مقابر great - عظیم grocers - ة ال ق ب hand (feminine) يد أيدي hand of a clock, dial

عقرب عقارب handkerchief منديل منادل happy - مسر ور hardworking م تهد م تهد ون

healthy أصحاء ،

صحاح صحیح

heart ق لب ق ل وب heavy ثقیل ثقال high - رفیع high, towering - شامخ hijabi (one who wears hijab)

م تجبة م تجبات honest صادق صادق ون

honest أمی أ مناء hotel ق د ف ن ف نادق house ب یت ت و ب ی

house, abode دار ديار

human, man - إنسان imam إمام أئمة


in - ف in front of - ام م أ insanity - ج ن ون Italian إطال إطالی ون Japan - يابان journalist صحفي صحفی ون juice - عصی ر key مفتاح مفاتیح kid طفل أطفال ladies إمرأة نساء lazy کسالن ک سال ی lesson درس د ر وس liar کاذب کاذب ون

library ة ب ت ک م مکاتب

light ، خفاف أخفاف

خفیف

like - ك like, similar to مثل أمثال lock ق فل أق فال London - لندن

man رج ل رجال market, town س وق أسواق matter, issue مر أ أ م ور minaret منارة منائر mother أ م أ مهات mountain جبل جبال mouse, rat فأر فی ران Muslim م سلم م سلم ون nail ظ فر أظفار

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name اسم أمساء new جديد ج دد newspaper جريدة جرائد next to - جانب( ب)بانب + night لة لیال لی non-hijabi (one who doesn’t wear hijab)

سافرة سافرات

O Allah - الل ه م office مکتب مکاتب old ق دماء دیم

ق

on - ی لع One - أحد

open - ح و ت ف م Owner - مالك paper, leaf ورق أوراق

parents - والدين partner, shareholder

م ساهم -passengers راکب راکب ون pen ق لم أقالم pencil مرسم مراسم

pencil case مقلمة مقال people ق وم أق وام people ناس أ ناس Person performing tawaaf

طائف طائف ون


place مکان أمکنة place - مقام place of birth - مولد


place of Hijrah - مهجر plane طائرة طائرات plate صحن ص ح ون pole, pillar عم ود أعمدة police ش رطي ش رطة poor, needy فقی ر ف قراء present حاضر حاضر ون profitable - م ربح prophet رس ول ر س ل prophet نب نبی ون، أنبیاء Qiblah - لة قب quick سريع سراع regret - ندم

religion دين أديان respect, manners

أدب آدابrespectful م ؤدب م ؤدب ون

restaurant مطعم مطاعم rich, independent

غن أغنیاء right حق ح ق وق river ن هر أن هار room ح جرة ح ج رات room غ رفة غ ر فات saying, speech ق ول أق وال scholar عال عالم ون school, madrasah

مدرسة مدارس

servant ام خادم خدم ، خ د

servant عبد عباد ، عبید servant (f) خادمة خادمات

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service - خدمة shelf رف ر ف وف ship نة س ف ن سفی shirt قمیص ق م ص shoe حذاء أحذية shop د کان دکاکی short قصی ر قصار side جانب جوانب sign, verse آية آيات sincere خم لص خم لص ون sister أ خت أخوات sitting جالس جالس ون

sky (fem.) مساء مسوات slow بطيء بطاء

small صغی ر صغار smiling باسم بامس ون sock جورب جوارب sofa أريکة أرائك son ابن أب ناء son ابن ب ن ون، أبناء soul ن فس ن ف وس standing قائم قائم ون

star نم ن وم story قصص ، قصة قصص

street شارع شوارع strong قوي أقوياء

student ب طالب ط الstudent (f) طالبة طالبات

students م ت علم م ت علم ون


successful ناجح ناجح ون

sun شس ش وس Sustainer - رازق sweet - عذب table طاولة طاولت

tall, long طويل طوال tasty - لذيذ teacher أ ستاذ أساتذة teacher (f) م علمة م علمات teachings ت علیم ت عالیم the sacred mosque

المسجد احلرام -ticket تذکرة تذاکر

tired تعب تعب ون to, towards - إلی toys ل عبة ل عب train قطار ق ط ر traveller م سافر م سافر ون tree شجرة أشجار trunk جذع ج ذ وع uncle عم أعمام under - ت ت university جامعة جامعات wage راتب رواتب walking path, platform

صیف ر أرصفة ، ر ص ف water ماء میاه weak ضعیف ض عفاء well بئ ر آبار well-mannered - م هذب

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wet - م بتل wet nurse م رضعة م رضع مراضع/

wheel عجلة عجالت wide وسیع وساع wife زوجة زوجات wind ريح رياح


window ك اش ب شبابیك

wing جناح أجنحة with - ع م with - ب writing - کتابة

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Glossary Example Translation/Explanation (page reference) Plural Term

إضافة - possession (17) كتاب الرج ل ت ثنیة - dual (23) کتابان

- تشديد - - two کسرة ,ف تحةor ت نوين - ضمة

مرب وطة تاء - Round taa (14) ة ك راس جع - plural (28) ک ت ب

حرف جار حروف جارة preposition (49) ف حرکة حرکات ضمة orکسرة ,ف تحة -

خب ر - predicate (11) کبی ر الکتاب - ضمة ضمات

ضمی ر ضمائر pronoun (38) ك اب ت ؛ ک ل ج ر أنت ظرف ظ ر وف preposition (49) ف وق الب یت

عائد - antecedent (40) ح ال ص و ، ه م ل ع م د ي ز غی ر الم نصرف - (35) - ع ثمان ، خدجیة

- ف تحة ف تحات - کسرة کسرات م بتدأ - subject (11) م ل ع م د ي ز م ت علق م ت علقات adverbial (56) ل ص ف ال ف م ائ ق د ي ز

- masculine - م ذکر م ض اف - the owned or the thing being attributed (17) الرج ل كتاب the owner or the thing to which the first word is الرج ل كتاب

being attributed (17) م ض اف إلیه -

معرفة معارف definite noun (8) رج ل ال م ؤنث - feminine (14) ةسیار نکرة نکرات indefinite noun (8) ل رج adjective noun

arabic a step by step guide part 1

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keywords checklist

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hashim muhammad contact

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