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Bibliography

The following works are among 由e many 1 have read with profìt and pleas­ure, and 1 would like to record my thanks to the authors, editors or com­pilers. Where material has been used in 由is book, due acknowledgement is made within the text.

Adamson, Da由1 (1964) The Kurdish 阴'ar (London: Allen & Unwin). Arfa, H孤鼠n (1966) The Kurds (London: Oxford University Press). Bois, Thomas (1965) TIIe Kurds (Beirut: Khayats). Bull时h.John and Harvey Morris (1993) NoFriends Imt the Mωn刷刷(London:

Penguin). Chalia时， Gerard (1993) People luithout a Countη(London: Zed Press). Dann, Uriel (1969) Iraq Under Kassem (New York: Praeger). Eagleton, WilIiam (1963) TIIe Kurdish Rψublic 011946 (London: Oxford Uni-

versity Press). Ghassemlou, Abdul Rahman (1965) Ku呻stan and the Kum.s (London: Collets). Guest, John S. (1989) The Yez.idis (London: KPI). Kinnane, Derk (1964) The Kurds and Kurdistan (London: Oxford University

Press). Kurdish Library, Kurdish Life (periodical - New York, USA). Kutschera , Chris (1979) Le mouvement 110tional kurde (Paris: Edition

Harmattan) . McDowall, Da'功d (1985) TIIe Kurds, Minority Right~ Group, Report No. 23

(1ρndon: Minority Rights Group). Mauries, René (1967) Le Kurdistan ou le Mort (Paris: Robert Laffont). Schmidt, Dana Adama (1964) 10um。仰umgBrave Mm (Boston: Little, Brown).

The following periodicals, news agencies and so 011 were also cOl1sulted.

UK: Guardia饵， Daily TelegmPh, Middle East Economic Digest, ObserueJ", Reuters , 缸nday TelegraPh, TIIe Sunday Times, The Middle East, TIIe Times.

USA: Inηt阳er仰m阳111削tNelll.ω'sd彼4α句JY， Nelll Y01:忱k ηm阳eJ民， 阴也旬伽u矶hin~♂伊严阳0佣n PO:ω冒吮t， US扭:A Today, Time.

France: Agence France-Presse, Le Monde.

Turkey (extracts in translation): Anatolian News Agency, Gunaydin, Huniyet, Milli如't， Q喀U1. Gundem.

Iran: Islamic Republican News Agency. Knyall, Tehmn ηη'tes.

Iraq: Bnghdad Tim肘， Iraqi News Agency. Radio Baghdad , Voice of Iraqi Kurdistan.

239

Index

Note: the following are omitted 豁出ey appear on most pages - Kurd(s)­(ish) (s田吟， lran(ian) (吟， Iraq(i)(s) and Turkey(ish) (s)

Abdul Hamid, Sultan 9 Acikyol 162 Adamson, Da'功d 61 Adiyamen 117 Aegean 222 Mghanistan 3, 107, 119, 120, 182 Mrica 188 Ahmad, Ibrahim 36-8, 40-3, 49,

74, 85, 87, 90, 92, 99 Ahmad-Talabini-KDP 84-8, 90,

103 Ain zallah 60 Ajina, Rajim 1佣Akbulut, Yùdirm 156 Akda 40 Akra 27, 66, 230 AlA 118 Albania 147 Aleppo 25 Alexander the Great 5 Algeria(n) (s) 71 , 97, 104 Algiers 97 Algiers Agreement (Treaty) 97-8,

104, 123 ‘Ali Firkat' 151 Alinak, Mahmut 209 Ali归，Karim 140 Allied(s) (Alliance) 10, 12-14, 19,

21 , 36, 182-3, 185-6, 190, 196-9, 202-4, 208, 212, 219, 229-30

Alvand, Mount 33 Amadiya 50 America(n)(s) 12, 14, 19, 30, 48,

64, 93-5, 97, 114, 118, 128, 152, 174, 182-3, 190, 192, 200, 215, 219, 222, 224, 231-2

Amir Khan 29 Amnesty Intemational 117-18,

1钊， 145, 157-8, 164-5, 206

Amsterdam 165 Anatolia 1, 6-7, 10, 14-16, 19, 44 Anglo也nerican 29 Anglo-lraqi Treaty (1930) 20 Anglo-Russian Entente 9 Ankara 45, 80, 104, 106, 146-7,

151-2, 154, 157-8, 167, 173, 181, 194, 202, 204, 206, 217, 221-4, 227, 229, 232, 234

Antalya 46, 215, 222 Apocular (Apocus) (Apo) 106,

146, 207 Aqrawi, Hashim 100, 102, 135 Arab(s) 1, 3, 12, 18-19, 36, 39,

43, 51 , 59, 63-4, 68, 73, 75-6, 85, 90, 92, 110, 121-3, 141-2, 153, 176, 184-5, 188, 202, 207

'Arabisation' 129 Arab-Israeli War (1967) 85 Ararat, Mount 15-16, 34 Atas, river 34 Arbil 3, 23, 35, 40, 58-60, 66, 69,

75-7, 85, 88, 90, 96-7, 129-30, 137, 143-4, 172, 185-6, 189, 191-2, 195-6, 200, 202, 205, 229, 231

Aref, Abdul Rahman 82, 84-5 Aref, Abdul Salem 64斗， 68-70，

73, 76-7, 82 ARGK 154-7, 159, 162-4, 166-8,

173, 178-83, 203-4, 206-7, 210-25, 227-8, 231-2

Arkou, tribe 42, 47, 49 Armenia(n) (s) 3, 8-10, 12-14,

17, 118, 226, 234 Armenian Massacres 7, 165 Asian 179 Asian毛aucasian-European 228 Askari, Ali 99, 103, 106 A部ad， Hafez 121 , 212, 218, 227

241

242 Index

Assyria(n) (s) 1, 3, 8, 10, 17, 20, 47, 58, 199

ASU 73 , 76 Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal) 14-16,

19, 44, 167 Athens 165 Australia(n) (s) 215, 221-2 Austria(n) (s) 10, 128-9, 189 Axis Powers 21 Azsai, newspaper 23 Azerbaijan 3, 10, 32, 110, 114-15,

234 Azir, newspaper 23 Aziz, Othman Abd al 199 Aziz, Said 75 Aziz, Tariq 100

B抽出 (ist) (Party) 64, 69, 73, 76, 85, 92, 97, 129, 134, 139, 177

Baba, Ali 37 Badinan 98-9, 103, 137, 141 Baghazasi, tribe 125 Baghdad 9, 18, 20-1 , 23-4, 34-6,

38-9, 41-3, 47, 49, 51-2, 57, 62, 64-6, 68-9, 72-4, 76, 78, 81 , 83-6, 90, 92, 94, 96-100, 102, 105, 108, 116-17, 123-6, 129-30, 134-5, 137-40, 142-3, 155, 15~ 162, 170-5, 185-6, 189, 191-2, 194-200, 203, 205, 208

Baghdad Pact 46, 64 Baker, James 194 Bakhtaran 169-70 Bakhtiar, Shahpour 107, 126 Bakr, Ahmad Hassan 85-90, 97 Baku 37 Balisan 172 Balkan(s) 3, 203 Baluchi(s) 110 Balourian , Abdul Ghani 126 Baneh 30-1 , 74, 110, 127, 132,

140-1 Baneh, tribe 75 Bani-Sadr, Abdol Hassan 114-15,

123, 126 Baniyas 60 Baqer, Mohammed 139 Baradosti, tribe 27-8, 39, 42

Barzan 20, 24, 26-7, 33-4, 47, 57, 66, 84

Barzani, tribe 20, 27，钮， 31-5，42, 47, 78, 132, 141 , 187

Barzani, Ahmad, Sheikh 20, 33-5, 37, 39, 43, 57, 68, 74-5

Barzani, Idris 90, 103, 115, 137, 144 Barzani-KDP 143, 169-70 Barzani, Lokman 43, 74 Barzani, Masoud 90, 103, 115-16,

137, 143-4, 172, 186-7, 191-2, 194-200, 202, 207-8, 131

Barzani, Mohammed Khalil 35 Barzani, Mullah Mustafa 20,

23-4, 26-8, 30-2, 34-8, 40-3, 47-68, 70-9, 81-100, 102-3, 108, 111 , 115, 132, 137, 187, 208

Barzani, Obeidullah 95, 100, 132 Barza时i ， Mahmoud, Sheikh

19-20, 35 Barzani-PRF 39 'Basque-lype' 224 Basra 38, 117 Bayar, Celal 44-5 Batman 223 Bazyan 47 Beirut 55 Bekaa, valley 146, 151 , 154, 157,

167-8, 179, 208, 210, 212, 224, 226-7

Berlin 172, 178, 228 Berne 221 'Besir' 158 Betwahta 56 Bingol 164, 173, 215 , 219 Biroki, Said, Sheikh 24 Bitlis 9, 16, 216, 220, 222 Blackhawk, helicopter 230 Bokan 43, 124-5, 127, 131 Bonn 164, 181 , 215 Bosnian 203 Bosphorus 208 Boumedienne, President 97 Britain(ish) 9-10, 12, 17-20, 23,

27-8, 34, 48, 60, 78, 93-4, 128, 138, 175, 186, 188-92, 200-1 , 204, 214-15, 221 , 230-1 , 233

lndex 243

Brussels 193, 215 'buffer zones' 189 Bulgaria(n) 140, 208 Burkay, Kemal 105 Burda 46 Bush, George 184, 188-90, 193,

205

Cairo 76 Cape Malc，ω208 Carter, President 128 Catak 181 Caucasus(ia) 10, 17, 179 CENTO 64, 88 Central Powers 10, 12 Cetin , Hikmet 209, 221 Cevizsali 216 CDKPR 63-4, 71 Chaldean(s) 3 Chaldiran , Battle of 1-2 Chami Razan 56, 65, 69, 85 Chemical warfare, weapons 145,

169-72, 174-6, 186-7 China(ese) 65, 139, 141 , 147,

230 Chouman 89 , 98 CHP 210 Christian(s) 8, 10, 12, 14, 18-19,

140, 199 Christopher, Warren 221 Chwar Chura 29, 33 Chwarta 56, 74, 77, 85-6, 141 CIA 93, 96-7, 101 , 121 , 183, 194,

228 CiIler, Tansu 220-5, 227, 229,

231 Cizre 210 Clinton, President 224, 227, 229 Cobandere 164 C..ode of Media Ethics 45 Cold War 64, 117, 120, 206 Cologne 150-1 , 165 Communist Party (French) 128 Cossack(s) 7-8 Cossack Force 7, 11 , 17 Council of Europe 165-6 Crusade(s) (ers) 1 Cudi, mountain 213 Cukurca 155, 173, 190, 192

Cyprus 117-18, 206, 231 Czar(ist) 14, 17 Czech 117

Dalanpur, Mount 25, 34 Damascus 9, 103, 146, 151 , 153,

157-8, 163, 179, 183, 212, 227, 231

Dardani Khan , Dam, lake 135, 169

Dawa 132, 139, 142, 229 DDKD 105, 147, 156 DDKO 80, 105 Declaration of Neutrality (Iran)

107 de Cuellar, Ja讯er Perez 170 de Gaulle, President 73 Dehbokri, tribe 29 Delgaii, Imam Mohammed 175 Demirel, Sulieman 118, 203,

208-11 , 213, 218-20, 225 Democratic Party (Turkey) 44-5 Denmark 158 DEP 223, 229 Dersim , revolt 16 Dev Genc 106 Dev Yol 148 Dicle , Hatip 223 Diyana, ambush 24 Diyarbakir 9, 15, 79, 104, 117-18,

124, 148, 153, 166, 173, 211 , 214, 224

Doab, pass 113 Dohuk 50, 66, 90, 137, 141 , 144,

172, 186, 192, 204 'Dr Baran' 181 Dutch 19, 138, 165 Durji, valley 210 阳明akya 181 DW 208, 218, 220, 225

East Europeans 139 Eastern RevolutionarγCel1 tres 80 'Eastism' 44, 62 EC 160-1 , 165, 170, 181 , 189,

197, 221 Ecevit, Bulel1 t 116-18 EEC 117, 152 Egypt(ian) (5) 64, 72, 76, 176, 183

244 /ndex

Elmali 215 'Emperor of Oil' 94 ERNK 150, 165-6, 221-2 Eruh 154 Erzerun 7, 9 Erzincan 220 Euphrates, river 13, 121 , 157,

168, 179 Europe(ean)(s) 3, 9, 12, 71 , 107,

117, 173, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 190, 200, 206, 226

Evren, Kenan 152-3, 155, 164, 180

Faili, Shia Kurds 92 Fao 141 Farhm, Abdul Karim 72 Farsi 109-10, 113 Fedayeen Khalk 1-9-10, 115 Feisal, King 36 Fethiye 233 Fifteen Point Peace Setùement 90 F证'th Kurdish Congress 41 ‘F证th Offensive' 86-7 Filipinos 145 Fisk, Robert 115 ‘First Offensive' 48 , 66 First World War 10, 12, 14,

17-19, 29, 123, 206 Fourteen Point Programme 12, 14 Fourteen Point Setùement 114 'Fourth Offensive' 82, 84 France (French) 10, 12, 18-19,

21 , 71 , 73, 104, 108, 126, 128-9, 138, 175, 186, 188-91 , 197-8, 200, 221 , 226, 230-2

Frankurt 150 Freedom Party 26, 36 'free fire zones' 65, 133, 144, 176 Free Officers Movement (Iraq) 64 Free French 21

Galala 77, 89, 98-9 GAP 212 Garna 113 Geneva 171 , 196, 215, 227 Geneva Protocol (1925) 170 'genocide' 187, 189, 216 Georgia (SSR) 17

German(s) (y) 10, 175, 189, 197, 222-3, 226, 228, 230, 232

Ghassemlou, Abdul Rahman 108-9, 111-15, 125-7, 131 , 139, 142-3, 177-8

Ghotbzadah, Sediq 127 Grand Bazaar, Istanbul 232 Grand National Assembly (Turkey)

45, 152, 155, 182, 205, 209-12, 220, 223, 229

Greater Kurdistan 25, 29 Greater Zab, river 68, 83 Greece(k) (s) 1, 14, 165, 206, 222,

232 Greek Cypriot 208 Grey Wolves 148 'guest workers' 150, 179 Gulf region 87, 94, 145 Gulf War (crisis) 184-5, 188, 193,

199, 203, 295-6, 208, 229 Guler, Hasan Hayiri 158 Gunesli 164 Gures, Dogan 204, 216 Gursel, General 45

Haftan , region 204 Hague (The) 138, 215 H苟 Omran 89, 98-9, 127, 131-4,

136, 138, 141 , 143, 170 Hakim, Mohammed Bakr 132,

140 Hakkari 20, 46, 117, 149, 154,

159, 181 , 221 Hakurk, mountain , valley 203-4,

210 Halabja 77, 169-70, 175-6 Halefogli, Vahit 155 Hamadan 33, 75 Hamadi, Sadoun 191 日amidye ， regiments 8 Handrin , Mount 83-6, 96 Hanover 165 H部san ， Kamel 186-7 Hawraman 136 Hawsizei, Amir 199 Helsinki Human Rights Accords

164 HEP 209-10, 215, 223 Herki tribe 3, 30, 32, 41 , 52, 125

Heva 23, 25-6, 36 Hezbollah, Islamic 216-17, 222-3 Hind, helicopter 230 Holy Land (PaIestine) 1 Ho配ini， Ezzedin, Sheilk 109-11 ,

113-15, 124, 126, 136, 140 'hot pursuit' 133, 150, 157, 159,

163, 174, 179 House of Representatives (US)

118 'human shielrls' 224 'human waves' 123, 131 , 135, 145 日usavi， Hussein 156 Hussami, Abdul Karim 126 Husseini, Feisal (King Feisal) 18

ICO 122 ICP 38, 105, 127-8, 130, 176,

191 , 199 IKF 176-7, 183, 191 , 229 I1am 114 IMIK 176-7 INC 202, 229 Incirlik 152, 183, 193, 200, 203,

205, 212, 231 India(n)(s) 19, 24, 128 Integration Party (Turkey) 210 Inter-Agency Humanitarian

Programme (UN) 196 'Intifada' 180 Iraqi Association Law 49 lraqi Leadership Commiuee 142 Iraqi Mujahideen 139 Iraqi Petroleum Company 94 Iraqi Revolution (1958) 43 Irbid 176 IRC 108, 110 Isikeren 190 Islam(ic) 1-2, 7, 113-14, 116,

123-4, 126-7, 148, 179 Israel(i) (s) 76, 180, 183 Istanbul 9, 12, 45, 80, 147, 167,

214, 217, 222, 228-9 ltaly(ian) (约 145 ， 222 Izmir 46, 147, 1前， 232

Jabul Sanjar 78 Jaf tribe 35 Jaffati 172

Index 245

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KaIar 194 Kalishnikov (weapon) 141 Kani 39 Kani Masi 145 KAR 195, 198, 202, 219, 228-33 Karaj 115, 130, 132 Kardu 1 Karim, Said 137 K掘sem， Abdul Karim 36-40,

42-3, 47-52, 61 , 64, 68 Kawa 147, 156 Kaya, Tasar 223 KCP 147 KDF 197-8, 200 KDP 26, 28, 36, 40-4, 49, 51 ,

55-7, 59-61 , 75, 67-76, 78-9, 85, 89-90, 94-5, 99-100, 102-3, 110, 116, 125, 127-30, 132-3, 137-8, 140-2, 144, 147, 157, 169, 172, 176-7, 179, 183, 185-7, 191 , 198-201 , 203, 207-8, 229, 231

KDPI 28, 33, 43, 79, 107-13, 115-16, 125-7, 130-2, 136, 138-40, 142, 144, 147-8, 172, 177-8, 228

KDP-PL 103-4, 106, 116 KDP-ProvisionaI Commiuee 103 KDPS 121 Kececiler, Mehmet 182 Kermanshah 29, 114, 136, 171 K加剧， newspaper 42 Khairallah, Adnam 174 KhaIkhaIi, Sadiq 113 Khaniqin 58, 69, 77, 196 肋anjar (dagger) 4 Khei 32 Khiti 84

246 Index

Khomeini, Ayatollah 107-14, 119, 124, 126, 132, 139, 142-4, 170, 177-8

Khoristan 2 Khormal 169 Khorman 84 Khoy 115 Khoybun, revolt 16, 18, 23 Khuzistan 123 Kifri 194 Kilmaz, Yani 232 Kirkuk 19, 23, 40, 43, 47, 56,

59-60, 64, 66-7, 69, 75-7, 85-6, 92, 104, 130, 133-5, 141 , 160, 172, 174, 185-7, 189, 192-3, 195-6, 201 , 205

Kissinger, Henry 103 ~A 200-2, 204-5 Komala 107, 109-10, 115, 126,

136, 139-41 , 152, 172 Komala-Azadi 152 Komar 150, 165 Komola 22, 25-6, 28, 33 Konya 167 Korea(n) (s) 139 Koreh 187 Korucu 154斗， 162-3, 167, 179,

181 , 211-12, 224 Kozarcloglu, Hayri 167 KPDP 116, 176, 191 , 199-200 Krak des Chevaliers 1 KSP 128, 130, 134, 145, 176, 191 ,

199-200 KUP 200 ‘Kurd Aid' 189-90 Kurdish Assembly-in-exile 216 Kurdish Autonomous Regional

Council 129 Kurdish Autonomous State 8 Kurdish Clubs 9 Kurdish Committee 226 Kurdish Deliverance 25 Kurdish Democratic Independence

Party 200 Kurdish Islamic Party 199 Kurdish National Flag 25 Kurdish National Movement 70 Kurdish Revolutionary Army 54,

56

Kurdish Revolutionary Command Council 98

Kurdish Revolutionary Council (Committee) 109, 112

Kurdish Revolutionary Party 135 Kurdish Uprising (1991) 185 Kurdistan, newspaper 28 Kurdistan National Assembly 198 Kusadasi 222 Kuwait 94, 182-4, 187, 196, 202,

219, 229

Lausanne 63-4 Lausanne , Treaty of 14, 71 League of Nations 12-13 Lebanon(ese) 16, 18, 55, 75, 87,

128, 146, 152, 154, 157, 208, 226, 228

Lenin 120 ‘ liberated areas' (zones) 73, 120,

126, 128-32, 135, 140-3, 211 Libya(n) (s) 141 , 143 Liege 165 Lolani, tribe 39, 47, 78 London 78, 103, 127, 142, 172,

215-16 Lufthansa airline 165 Lurs, tribe 17

Maasum, Fuas 200 Mahabad (Republic) 22, 25 ,

27-34, 43, 49, 52, 109-12, 114-15, 124-7, 131 , 150

Mahvout 70, 74, 77, 85-6, 88 Mahwat 143, 145 M笔jlis (Iran) 61 M习or， John 189 Maku 32 Malouma 56 Mamashah heights 31 Mamesh tribe 29, 32, 34, 61 Mangesh 142 Mangur tribe 29, 32 Maoist 147 Mao Tse-tung 106, 146 Mardin 162-3, 210 Maraghah 17 Margasur 27 Marivan 11-12, 132, 136, 139

lndex 247

Marmand, Mount 131 Marmand, Rasoul 191 Mar Shimun 10 Marxist(s) 105-6, 120 Marxist-Leninist 146 Maysan 194 Meatese, Nahit 226 Mecca 8 Mediterranean (Sea) 25, 60, 104,

130, 162, 193, 222, 232 Memorandum of Understanding

(UN-Iraq) 200 Mendares, Adnam 44-6 Miansoab 32, 112 Middle East(em) 14, 73，邸， 148，

153, 161 , 193 MiG (aircraft) 83 Military co唱rdinating Council

(UN) 196 ‘ministerial council', Kurdish 200 Mìtterrand, Danielle 175, 201 Mobil Oil Company 224 Moftiz槌eh， Ahmad, Sheikh

109-10 Mohammed, Abbas, Sheikh 39, 47 Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (Shah)

93 Mongols 1 Mongolia 122 Moscow 37, 41 Mosopotamia(n) 1, 3, 12-13, 18 Moss揭egh ， Mohammed 93 Mosul 9, 13-14, 18-19，钮， 40，

43, 71 , 78, 105, 142, 176, 189, 192, 203

Mosul Vilayet Coundl 203 Motherland Party 152, 165 Mui时， Sulieman 116 Mujahideen 120 Mukhabarat (Iraqi) 200, 205, 230 Musavi, Hussein 167 Mush 9 Muslim(s) 14, 119-20, 210, 220,

225 Mustafa, Omar 49, 56, 65, 67, 70

Nabì 39 Nag;ωeh 99, 111-13 Nakshbandi, Khalid 31

Nakshabandi归 (order) 7, 15 NAP 148 Naqadeh 32-4 Nasser, President 40, 44, 72, 76 Nasserites 40 National Assembly (Iraq) 42 National Council of the

Revolutionary Command (Iraq) 78

National Progressive Front (Iraq) 105

National Security Council (Turkey) 152, 163, 180, 213, 219-20

National Unity Committee (Turkey) 46

NATO 44-5, 64, 93, 117-18, 152, 158, 183, 206

NDPF 130 Nejaf 139 Nestorian(s) 3, 8 ‘ new world order' 189 Nixon, President 93 NlA(I) 142, 171 NLF (Algerian) 71 'no-fly zone' 189, 193, 198,

202-3, 205, 229-31 'No Go areas' 211 North Mrica(n) 157 Nowdesheh 125-6, 131 , 135 Nowruz (Kurdish New Year) 110,

210, 213, 215, 229 NPF (Iraq) 134 NRC 126, 139, 142, 171 NRM 126 NSP 148

Ocalan, Abdullah 106, 146, 149, 151 , 153-4, 157, 163, 166-8, 179-80, 207-8, 212-13, 217-22, 227, 232

Official KDP 102 OHRI 174 OPEC 97 Operation Comfort 154-5 Operation Poised Hammer 189,

193, 212, 230 Operation Provide Comfort 189,

212 Operation Sun 155

248 Index

Operation Tiger 70-1 Ortabag 159 Oslo 215 Osman, Mahmoud 103, 128,

149 Osman, Niran, Sheikh 42 Ottoman(s) (Empire) 8-9, 12,

25, 105, 161 Ozal, Turgut 152, 155, 159-60,

162-3, 165, 170, 173-4, 180, 183, 194, 202-3, 205, 213, 218-19

Ozdep 209, 228 Ozgurluk (Freedom) 147, 150 句ur Gundem, newspaper 213

Pakistan 64 Palestinian(s) 180, 183 Palme, Olaf 158-9, 164 Panjwin 56, 79, 81-2, 86-8,

132-4, 136, 141 , 145, 169 Pan-Kurdish 207, 233 Paris 13, 126, 166 Partnership of Arabs and Kurds

36 Pasdaran 111-13, 115, 119,

124-7, 130-1 , 136, 140, 144, 169-70, 177

Paveh 112 Peace Conference (1919) 13 Pecenek 163 Pentagon (US) 118 Persepolis 94 People's Party (Turkey) 44-5 Persia(n)(s) 1-3, 6-11 , 16-17,

21 , 91 Persian Revolution 9 Pesh Merga(s) 54-5, 57-9,

66-70, 74, 76-9, 81-3 , 85-8, 90-2, 95-6, 98-9, 108-9, 112-13, 125-7, 131-2, 134-8, 143-4, 169, 176-7, 185-7, 193-7, 200-1 , 203-4

Pike Report 103 Pinarcik 162 Piran 75 Piranshah 124-5 Pirincilik 118, 205 Pishdari, tribe 24, 35, 39

PKK 106-7, 120-1 , 146, 148-59, 163-7, 172, 179-80, 182, 202-8, 210-11 , 214-19, 221-9, 231-2

Polish 104 Powell, Michael 128 Prague 37 President's Council (Turkey)

153 Prevention of Torture 166 PRF 38-40 Princilik 193, 200, 231 ‘ protection zone' 191 Pro观sional Council of Kurdistan

28 PUK 103-4, 106, 116, 127,

129-35, 137-40, 142-5, 176, 178-9, 183, 185-6, 191 , 197-201 , 203-4, 231

Qasiriya (order) 7 Qajar, dynasty 17 Qala Dasht, ríver 135 Qala Diza 77, 79, 86-8, 96, 176 Qazi, Mohammed 25, 28-30,

32-3 Qasr SheIÏn 123, 135-6 Qoraysha, tribe 152

Rndio Baghdad 89 局Jdio Kurdistan 83, 89, 99, 137 RAF (British) 20, 27 Rahman , Sami Abdul 116, 191 ,

199 R骂ja况， Masoud 171 R且madan 217-18 Ramadan , Taha 230 Raniya 钮， 49, 56, 67, 73, 75-7,

82, 85, 88, 96, 176 Rashid (Baghdad) 68 Rashid , Hama, Sheikh 钮， 75Rashid, Mohammed , Sheikh 39 RCC (Iraq) 85, 90, 190-1 RDF 193 Reagan, President 128 Red Army (Soviet) 17 Red Crescent (Iraqi) 188 'Red Kurdistan' 17 Republican Guard (Iraq) 200

Index 249

Revolutionary Command Council of Kurdistan 89

Revolutionary Guards (Iran) see Pasdaran

Reza Pahlavi (Khan) (Shah) 21 , 23

Richard, King of England 1 Rizgari 148 RP 229 Russia(n)(s) 6-10, 14, 17, 29,

206, 230 Russian Revolutiol1 11 Ruwanduz 19, 39, 58, 67, 77, 83,

86, 88-9, 96, 129, 131-2, 143 Ruwal1duz Gorge 67-8, 71 , 83

Saddam Hussein 90, 97, 104, 123, 132-5, 137-8, 142, 145, 170-6, 182-3, 186-94, 196-9, 201 , 205, 219, 229-30, 233

Safa由t， dynasty, Empire 2 'safe havens' 185, 188-90, 193,

196, 204-5, 219, 230-1 Said, 8iroki (revolt) 24 Said, Sheikh 15 Sait, Ater 159 Saladin (Sala a坠Sin al气A叽lbi) 1 ‘Saladin Force' 68, 85, 87 Salahuddin 202, 229-30 Salim, Jawhar Namiq 200 SALT 118 SAM-7, weapon 141 Sal1and剑 29， 31 , 110-11 , 113,

124-5, 127 Saqqiz 22, 29, 31-2, 75, 112, 114,

125, 127, 131 Sar Merga 54 sar对kandi ， Sadegh 178 Sardasht 31 , 74, 112, 114, 127,

136, 138, 141 Sardasht-Zanian Line 21 Sarsank 192 Saudi Arabia(n)(的 94， 182, 186,

202 SAVAK 93, 95, 108, 116 Schmidt, Dana Adam 190 SCIRI 132-3, 140, 142, 202, 229 SCUD, missiles 145 'security zone' 189

'second offensive' 65-70 Second World War 21 ，饵， 33-4，

36 Semdinli 154, 213 'seventh offensive' 96, 98, 100 Sèvres, Treaty of 13-14 Sezgin, Izmet 211-12, 216-17 Shaklana, tribe 42 Shalikashveli, General 190 Sharif Pasha, General 13 Shatt al气Arab， waterway 87斗， 97Shawis, Nur 116 Sheik Said organisation 152 Shia(s) 2, 8, 109-11 , 114, 132,

142, 167, 185-6, 192, 202, 228-9

Shikaki, tribe 3, 10, 17, 29-30, 32 SHP 209-10, 224 Siirt 117, 164, 178, 224 Silop 173, 190, 192-3, 212 Silvan 79 Simko (Ismail Agha) 10, 17 Sincar, Mehmet 223 Sinjar 116 Sirnak 154, 162, 182, 212-13, 221 Sirwar, river 135 Sitak 141 Sivas 46 'six由 offensive' 88-9 Society for Progress and Mutual

Aid 9 Society for the Recovery of

Kurdistan 12 Solham 215 South East Anatolia Project 161 s。由t(s) 17, 21-2, 25, 28-33, 37,

41 , 48, 59, 65, 96, 105, 113, 117-20, 140-1 , 147, 152

Soviet Union 116, 170 State Deparunent (US) 93, 170,

183, 226 Stockholm 158, 165, 215 Suliemaniyeh 19-20, 23-4, 39,

47-9, 56, 59-60, 66-7, 69, 71 , 74, 77, 79, 82, 85, 90, 95, 129-30, 132, 137, 141 , 144-5, 169, 172, 174, 176, 185-7, 192-4, 201 , 205

Sunni(s) 2, 109-10, 148, 202

250 /ndex

Surchi, tribe 钮， 41 ， 52Sweden(ish) 158 Switzerland (Swiss) 63, 75, 221-2 Sydney 222 Sykes-Picot Treaty 19 Syria(n)(s) 9, 12-13, 16, 18, 21 ,

25, 33, 41 , 55, 60, 75, 87, 91 , 98, 102, 104, 107, 117, 121 , 130, 138, 141 , 143, 145-7, 157-8, 162-3, 166-8, 171 , 179, 181 , 199, 202, 204-5, 207-8, 212, 216, 218, 226-8, 234

Szimkus, Helmut 228

Tabriz 10, 32 Takrit 1 Talabani, Jalal 49, 56, 64, 68, 70,

73-5, 78, 81-2, 84-8, 90, 98, 102-3, 106, 116, 134-5, 137-8, 143, 145, 172, 183-4, 187, 191-2, 194-6, 198-200, 202, 207-8, 217-18, 231

Talali, tribe 33 Taswasrab 176 Tehran 2, 9-11 , 17 ， 22 ， 29，但斗，

43, 52, 61 , 73-4, 79, 81 , 89, 93, 98, 107, 109, 111-14, 123-6, 128, 130, 136-9, 142-4, 152, 157, 159, 167, 170, 172, 177-8, 196, 201 , 216, 227

‘ third offensive' 76-9 33rd Parallel 205 扭曲 Parallel 202 36th Parallel 189, 195, 198, 320 Thrace 14 Tigris river 1 TKSP 105 Troup曾's specìales du Levant 18 True Path Party (see also DYP)

209 Tudeh 22, 32, 115 Turkish Peace Association 164 Turkish Tourist Board 222, 232 Turkish Workers' Party 80, 105 Turkoman(s) 40，钮， 110 'Twelve Point Programme' 84, 86,

90

U-2, aircraft 118 Ubeidullah, Sheikh 7 UK 145, 228 UKDP 36-8, 40 Uledere 159, 182, 213 U1usu , Buent, Admiral 120 UN 81 , 118, 122, 144, 170-2,

175, 184, 186, 190, 192-3, 196-8, 200-1 , 203, 205, 222, 228, 230-1 , 233

UNHCR 174, 188, 194, 196-7, 200

United Arab Republic 40 ‘United Kurdistan' 20 UN Resolution 598 145, 170 UN Resolution 687 186 UN Resolution 688 189, 230 UN Security Council 189 Uppsala 158 Urmi归 3， 8, 17, 21-2, 29, 32, 34,

124-7, 135-6 USA (US) 65, 78, 88, 93-5, 97,

103, 114, 119-21 , 128, 138, 141 , 152, 170, 175, 182-3, 186, 188-9, 191-4, 199, 204, 208, 212, 220, 228, 230-1

Ushna讯a 115 USSR 14, 16, 21-2, 33-4, 37-8,

41 , 44, 52 , 55, 64-5, 71 , 78, 91 , 93, 97-8, 104, 113, 120, 138, 147, 207

Uzbek(s) (istan) 2 Uzunde 173

Van 7, 16, 46, 71 , 124, 181 Varna 208 Vichy French 21 Vienna 178, 202

‘war of genocide' 172 'wars of the cities' 145 Washington (USA) 饵， 115, 183,

193-4, 224 West(ern) 14, 44, 48, 55, 59-61 ,

64-5, 88, 114, 117-18, 120-3, 128, 151 , 175, 187-8, 191 , 197, 201-2, 206-8, 210, 214, 216, 219, 221-2, 225, 229, 232-4

Western Allies 185, 188, 192 Western Europe(n) (s) 45, 62,

64, 72, 126, 128, 136, 138, 143, 150-1 , 158-9, 163-5, 167, 169-70, 179, 181 , 189, 193, 195, 211 , 215, 226, 228, 232

West Berlin 150 West Gennany(n)(s) 128-9, 150,

161 , 164-6, 177, 181 Western Turkev 179 Wielsputz, Siegfried 116 Wiesbaden 226 Wilson, President (USA) 12, 14,

19

Yezidi(s) 78 Yilmaz, Mesut 173

/ndex

Young Turks 9 Yugoslavs 128 Yuksekoua 173 Yumurtalik 104 Yussufan，町ibe 152 Yuvali 163

251

Zakho 48, 50, 66, 77, 88, 95, 137, 141 , 144, 172, 186, 190, 204, 230

Zala 227 Zibar 66 Zibari, tribe 27-8, 39, 42, 47 Zibari, Hushier 177 Zohab, Treaty of 3 Zozic, Mount 83, 96 Zulfiqar (brigade) 125 Zurich 165