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Configuration Guide - WLAN AC

Issue 01

Date 2013-06-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.


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Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written

consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice

The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the

customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the

purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations

of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang

Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China

Website: http://enterprise.huawei.com

Issue 01 (2013-06-30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

i

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About This Document

Intended Audience

This document provides the concepts, configuration procedures, and configuration examples of

WLAN-AC features supported by the AR150&160&200&1200&2200&3200.

This document is intended for:

l Data configuration engineers

l Commissioning engineers

l Network monitoring engineers

l System maintenance engineers

Symbol Conventions

The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

DANGER

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not

avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which

if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

CAUTION

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not

avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results.

TIP Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save

time.

NOTE Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

important points of the main text.

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Command Conventions

The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Convention Description

Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italics.

[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.

{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected.

[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.

{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated byvertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all

items can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.

& The parameter before the & sign can be repeated 1 to n times.

# A line starting with the # sign is comments.

Interface Numbering Conventions

Interface numbers used in this manual are examples. In device configuration, use the existing

interface numbers on devices.

Security Conventions

l Password setting

– When configuring a password in plain text, the password is saved in the configuration

file in plain text. The plain text has high security risks. The cipher text is recommended.

To ensure device security, change the password periodically.

– When you configure a password in cipher text that starts and ends with %@%@ (the

password can be decrypted by the device), the password is displayed in the same manner

as the configured one in the configuration file. Do not use this setting.

l Encryption algorithm

Currently, the device uses the following encryption algorithms: DES, AES, SHA-1, SHA-2,

and MD5. DES and AES are reversible, and SHA-1, SHA-2, and MD5 are irreversible.

The encryption algorithm depends on actual networking. If protocols are used for

interconnection, the locally stored password must be reversible. It is recommended that theirreversible encryption algorithm be used for the administrator password.

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l Personal data

Some personal data may be obtained or used during operation or fault location of your

purchased products, services, features, so you have an obligation to make privacy policies

and take measures according to the applicable law of the country to protect personal data.

Change History

Changes between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document version

contains all updates made to previous versions.

Changes in Issue 01 (2013-06-30)

Initial commercial release.

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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................ii

1 Precautions for the Configuration..............................................................................................1

2 WLAN-AC Service Configuration..............................................................................................8

2.1 Overview........................................................................................................................................................................9

2.2 Default Configuration...................................................................................................................................................11

2.3 Configuration Process...................................................................................................................................................11

2.4 Configuring AC System Parameters.............................................................................................................................12

2.4.1 Configuring the WLAN Mode..................................................................................................................................12

2.4.2 Configuring Country Codes.......................................................................................................................................13

2.4.3 Configuring an AC Identifier....................................................................................................................................13

2.4.4 Configuring a Source Interface..................................................................................................................................14

2.4.5 (Optional) Configuring a Network Element Name...................................................................................................16

2.4.6 Checking the Configuration.......................................................................................................................................162.5 Managing APs on the AC.............................................................................................................................................17

2.5.1 (Optional) Adding AP Types.....................................................................................................................................17

2.5.2 (Optional) Configuring CAPWAP Tunnel Parameters.............................................................................................19

2.5.3 (Optional) Configuring Automatic Upgrade When APs Go Online.........................................................................20

2.5.4 Adding APs................................................................................................................................................................21

2.5.5 Configuring an AP Region........................................................................................................................................24

2.5.6 Configuring an AP Profile and Binding an AP to the AP Profile.............................................................................26

2.5.7 (Optional) Configuring a Network Element Name or System Name on an AP........................................................31

2.5.8 (Optional) Configuring a Management VLAN on an AP.........................................................................................32

2.5.9 (Optional) Configuring LLDP on an AP...................................................................................................................32

2.5.10 (Optional) Configuring an AC to Cache AP Data...................................................................................................34

2.5.11 (Optional) Configuring an AP as a Non-Authenticated User..................................................................................35

2.5.12 (Optional) Configuring the User Name and Password for Logins to an AP...........................................................36

2.5.13 (Optional) Configuring Alarm Thresholds on an AP..............................................................................................36

2.5.14 (Optional) Configuring Log Backup for APs..........................................................................................................38

2.5.15 (Optional) Configuring Log Suppression on APs...................................................................................................39

2.5.16 (Optional) Configuring the Interval for Collecting AP Performance Statistics......................................................39

2.5.17 (Optional) Changing the MAC Address or SN of an AP........................................................................................40

2.5.18 Checking the Configuration.....................................................................................................................................41

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2.6 Configuring the WLAN Service VAP..........................................................................................................................41

2.6.1 Creating a WMM Profile...........................................................................................................................................42

2.6.2 Configuring a Radio Profile......................................................................................................................................43

2.6.3 Binding a WMM Profile to a Radio Profile..............................................................................................................52

2.6.4 Creating a Security Profile........................................................................................................................................53

2.6.5 Creating a Traffic Profile...........................................................................................................................................53

2.6.6 Configuring a WLAN-ESS Interface........................................................................................................................54

2.6.7 Configuring a WLAN Service Set.............................................................................................................................56

2.6.8 Binding a Security Profile, a Traffic Profile, and an WLAN-ESS Interface to a Service Set...................................60

2.6.9 Configuring a Radio..................................................................................................................................................61

2.6.10 Binding a Radio Profile and a Service Set to a Radio.............................................................................................63

2.6.11 Committing the Configuration.................................................................................................................................64


2.7 Maintaining WLANs....................................................................................................................................................65

2.7.1 Performing an In-Service Upgrade on APs...............................................................................................................66

2.7.2 Resetting an AP.........................................................................................................................................................67

2.7.3 Monitor ing APs.........................................................................................................................................................67

2.7.4 Monitor ing STAs.......................................................................................................................................................68

2.7.5 Restoring the Factory Settings of an AP...................................................................................................................68

2.7.6 Checking the Connectivity Between an AP and a Network Device..........................................................................69

2.7.7 Clearing the List of Unauthorized APs......................................................................................................................70

2.7.8 Displaying Neighbor Information.............................................................................................................................70

2.8 Configuration Examples...............................................................................................................................................702.8.1 Example for Configuring the WLAN Service on a Small-Scale Network................................................................71

2.8.2 Example for Configuring the WLAN Service on a Medium-Scale Network............................................................76

2.8.3 Example for Configuring the WLAN Service on a Large-Scale Network................................................................81

3 WLAN Security Configuration.................................................................................................91

3.1 WLAN Security Overview...........................................................................................................................................93

3.2 WLAN Security Features Supported by the Device.....................................................................................................93

3.3 Default Configuration...................................................................................................................................................97

3.4 Configuring a WLAN Security Policy.........................................................................................................................98

3.4.1 Configuring a WEP Security Policy..........................................................................................................................983.4.2 Configuring a WPA/WPA2 Security Policy...........................................................................................................100

3.4.3 Configuring a WAPI Security Policy......................................................................................................................101


3.5 Configuring the STA Blacklist or Whitelist...............................................................................................................104

3.5.1 Configuring a STA Whitelist...................................................................................................................................104

3.5.2 Configuring a STA Blacklist...................................................................................................................................105


3.6 Configuring User Isolation.........................................................................................................................................106

3.7 Maintaining WLAN Security.....................................................................................................................................107

3.7.1 Displaying WLAN Security Configuration.............................................................................................................107

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3.8 Configuration Examples.............................................................................................................................................108

3.8.1 Example for Configuring WEP Authentication.......................................................................................................108

3.8.2 Example for Configuring WPA+PSK Authentication.............................................................................................112

3.8.3 Example for Configuring WPA+802.1X Authentication........................................................................................117

3.8.4 Example for Configuring Preshared Key-Based WAPI..........................................................................................124

3.8.5 Example for Configuring Certificate-Based WAPI ................................................................................................129

3.8.6 Example for Configuring Wireless MAC Address Authentication.........................................................................134

3.8.7 Example for Configuring WLAN Portal Authentication........................................................................................139

4 Radio Resource Management..................................................................................................147

4.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................................149

4.2 Radio Resource Management Features Supported by the Device..............................................................................149

4.3 Default Configuration.................................................................................................................................................151

4.4 Configuring Radio Calibration...................................................................................................................................151

4.5 Configuring Load Balancing......................................................................................................................................153

4.5.1 Configuring Static Load Balancing.........................................................................................................................153

4.6 Configuring 5G-Prior Access.....................................................................................................................................155

4.7 Configuring Interference Detection............................................................................................................................156

4.8 Maintaining Radio Resource Management................................................................................................................157

4.8.1 Displaying Radio Calibration Statistics...................................................................................................................157

4.8.2 Clearing Radio Calibration Statistics......................................................................................................................157


4.9.1 Example for Configuring Partial Radio Calibration for an AP...............................................................................158

4.9.2 Example for Configuring Global Radio Calibration for APs..................................................................................162

4.9.3 Example for Configuring Session-based Static Load Balancing.............................................................................167

5 WLAN Reliability Configuration...........................................................................................174

5.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................................175

5.2 WLAN R eliability Features Supported by the Device...............................................................................................175


5.4 Configuring Dual-Link Backup..................................................................................................................................179

5.5 Configuring Service Holding upon CAPWAP Link Disconnection..........................................................................182


5.6.1 Example for Configuring Dual-link Backup (AP-Specific Configuration Mode)..................................................183

5.6.2 Example for Configuring Dual-link Backup Globally (Global Configuration Mode)............................................190

5.6.3 Example for Configuring Service Holding upon CAPWAP Link Disconnection..................................................198

6 Roaming Configuration...........................................................................................................205

6.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................................206

6.2 Roaming Features Supported by the Device..............................................................................................................206

6.3 Configuring Roaming Between APs in the Same Service VLAN.............................................................................207

6.3.1 Configuring Non-Fast Roaming Between APs in the Same Service VLAN..........................................................208

6.3.2 Configuring Fast Roaming Between APs in the Same Service VLANs.................................................................208


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6.4 Configuring Roaming Between APs in Different Service VLANs............................................................................209

6.4.1 Configuring Non-Fast Roaming Between APs in Different Service VLANs.........................................................210

6.4.2 Configuring Fast Roaming Between APs in Different Service VLANs.................................................................211



6.5.1 Example for Configuring Non-Fast Roaming Between APs in the Same Service VLAN......................................212

6.5.2 Example for Configuring Fast Roaming Between APs in the Same Service VLAN..............................................218

6.5.3 Example for Configuring Non-Fast Roaming Between APs in Different Service VLANs....................................225

6.5.4 Example for Configuring Fast Roaming Between APs in Different Service VLANs............................................232

7 WLAN QoS Configuration......................................................................................................240

7.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................................241

7.2 WLAN QoS Features Supported by the Device.........................................................................................................241


7.4 Configuring WMM.....................................................................................................................................................243

7.5 Configuring Priority Mapping....................................................................................................................................246

7.6 Configuring Traffic Policing......................................................................................................................................248

7.6.1 Configuring VAP-based Traffic Policing................................................................................................................248

7.6.2 Configuring User-based Traffic Policing................................................................................................................249


7.7.1 Example for Configuring WMM.............................................................................................................................250

7.7.2 Example for Configuring Priority Mapping............................................................................................................255

7.7.3 Example for Configuring Traffic Policing..............................................................................................................261

8 WDS Configuration..................................................................................................................267

8.1 WLAN WDS Overview..............................................................................................................................................268

8.2 Configuration Notes...................................................................................................................................................271


8.4 Configuring WDS.......................................................................................................................................................273

8.4.1 Creating a WMM Profile.........................................................................................................................................274

8.4.2 Configuring a Radio Profile....................................................................................................................................274

8.4.3 Binding a WMM Profile to a Radio Profile............................................................................................................284

8.4.4 Adding an AP..........................................................................................................................................................285

8.4.5 Configuring a Radio Profile and Binding the Radio Profile to a Radio..................................................................2878.4.6 Enabling the Wireless Bridge Function and Configuring the Bridge Working Mode............................................289

8.4.7 Configuring a Security Profile and Setting the Security Policy to WPA2+PSK+CCMP.......................................291

8.4.8 Configuring a Bridge Profile and Binding the Bridge Profile to the Radio............................................................291

8.4.9 (Optional) Configuring the Bridge Whitelist...........................................................................................................293

8.4.10 Configuring an AP Wired Interface.......................................................................................................................295

8.4.11 (Optional) Configuring STP..................................................................................................................................296

8.4.12 Deliver ing Parameters to APs................................................................................................................................297

8.4.13 Checking the Configuration...................................................................................................................................297

8.5 Maintaining WDS.......................................................................................................................................................298


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8.6.1 Example for Configuring WLAN WDS..................................................................................................................299

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1 Precautions for the ConfigurationThis section describes prerequisites for configuring the WLAN service and configuration notes.

VLAN Deployment

Packets transmitted on a WLAN include management packets and service data packets.

l Management packets must be forwarded through Control And Provisioning of Wireless

Access Points (CAPWAP) tunnels.

l Service data packets can be forwarded directly or through CAPWAP tunnels.

In practice, management packets and service data packets must have different VLANs

configured. That is, management packets must have management VLANs configured, and

service data packets must have service VLANs configured.

l Management VLAN: transmits packets that are forwarded through CAPWAP tunnels,

including management packets and service data packets forwarded through CAPWAP

tunnels.

l Service VLAN: transmits service data packets.

NOTE

In tunnel forwarding mode, management VLAN and service VLAN must be different.

The following describes the forwarding process of management and service data packets. Here,

VLAN m and VLAN m' represent management VLANs, while VLAN s and VLAN s' represent

service VLANs.

l When an AP connects to an AC through a Layer 2 network, VLAN m is the same as VLANm', and VLAN s is the same as VLAN s'.

l When an AP connects to an AC through a Layer 3 network, VLAN m is different from

VLAN m', and VLAN s is different from VLAN s'.

l Figure 1-1 shows the process of forwarding management packets through CAPWAP

tunnels.

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Figure 1-1 Forwarding management packets through CAPWAP tunnels

UDP/IP CAPWAP802.3

AC

Switch

AP

UDP/IP CAPWAP802.3VLAN m

UDP/IP CAPWAP802.3VLAN m’

VLAN m、VLAN m’：management VLAN

UDP/IP CAPWAP802.3VLAN m’ Payload

Payload

Payload

Payload

UDP/IP CAPWAP802.3 Payload

In Figure 1-1:

– In the uplink direction (from the AP to the AC): When receiving management packets,

the AP encapsulates the packets in CAPWAP packets. The switch tags the packets with

VLAN m. The AC decapsulates the CAPWAP packets and removes the tag VLAN m'.

– In the downlink direction (from the AC to the AP): When receiving downstream

management packets, the AC encapsulates the packets in CAPWAP packets and tags

them with VLAN m'. The switch removes the tag VLAN m from the packets. The AP

decapsulates the CAPWAP packets.

l Figure 1-2 shows the process of directly forwarding service data packets.

Figure 1-2 Forwarding service data packet directly

Payload

Switch

AP

Payload

Payload802.11

802.11

Payload802.3VLAN s

Payload802.3VLAN s

Payload802.3VLAN s’

STA

Internet

VLAN s, VLAN s’: service VLAN

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In Figure 1-2, service data packets are not encapsulated in CAPWAP packets.

– In the uplink direction (from the STA to the Internet): When upstream service data

packets in 802.11 format are sent from the STA to the AP, the AP converts the packets

into 802.3 packets, tags the packets with VLAN s, and forwards the packets to the

destination.

– In the downlink direction (from the Internet to the STA): When downstream service

data packets in 802.3 format reach the AP (the packets are tagged with VLAN s' by

upstream devices), the AP converts the 802.3 packets into 802.11 packets and forwards

them to the STA.

l Figure 1-3 shows the process of forwarding service data packets through CAPWAP

tunnels.

Figure 1-3 Forwarding service data packets through CAPWAP tunnels

Payload

Switch

AP

Payload

Payload802.11

802.11

Payload802.3VLAN s

STA

AC

CAPWAPUDP/IP802.3

Payload802.3VLAN sCAPWAPUDP/IP802.3VLAN m’

Payload802.3VLAN sC APWAPUDP/IP802.3VLAN m

Payload802.3VLAN sCAPWAPUDP/IP

Payload802.3VLAN s

VLAN m’ 802.3

Internet

VLAN m, VLAN m’: management VLAN

VLAN s: service VLAN

In Figure 1-3, service data packets are encapsulated in CAPWAP packets and transmitted

through CAPWAP data tunnels.

– In the uplink direction (from the STA to the Internet): When upstream service data

packets in 802.11 format are sent from the STA to the AP, the AP converts the packets

into 802.3 packets, tags the packets with VLAN s, and encapsulates them in CAPWAP

packets. The upstream switch tags the packets with VLAN m. The AC decapsulates the

CAPWAP packets and removes the tag VLAN m' from the packets.

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– In the downlink direction (from the Internet to the STA): When downstream service

data packets reach the AC, the AC encapsulates the packets in CAPWAP packets, allows

the packets carrying VLAN s to pass through, and tags the packets with VLAN m'. The

switch removes VLAN m from the packets. The AP decapsulates the CAPWAP packets,

removes VLAN s, converts the 802.3 packets into 802.11 packets, and forwards them

to the STA.

Management VLAN tag VLAN m is the outer tag of CAPWAP-encapsulated packets. The

intermediate devices between the AC and AP only need to transparently transmit VLAN

m and do not need to be configured with VLAN s encapsulated in the CAPWAP packets.

In WLAN networking, management VLANs and service VLANs must be properly planned. The

following assumes that an AP connects to an AC through a Layer 2 network.

l In Figure 1-4, to implement direct forwarding, ensure that the AP can exchange

management VLAN packets with the AC and exchange service VLAN packets with

upstream devices.

Figure 1-4 VLAN deployment in direct forwarding mode

SW1

AP

STA

SW2 AC

Internet

Management VLAN: VLAN100

Service VLAN: VLAN101

C A P W

A P t u n n

e l

VLAN101

VLAN101

VLAN101

VLAN101

VLAN100

VLAN100

VLAN100

VLAN100VLAN100

Management packet

Data packet

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l In Figure 1-5, to implement tunnel forwarding, ensure that the AP can exchange

management VLAN packets with the AC and the AC can exchange service VLAN packets

with upstream devices.

Figure 1-5 VLAN deployment in tunnel forwarding mode

SW1

AP

STA

SW2 AC

Internet

Management VLAN: VLAN100

Service VLAN: VLAN101

C A P W

A P t u n n

e l

VLAN101

VLAN100

VLAN100

VLAN100

VLAN100VLAN100

Management packet

Data packet

VLAN101 VLAN101

NOTE

Currently, the device supports only direct forwarding for service packets when it functions as the AC.

APs Supported by the Device

l APs mentioned in this document are Huawei AP products. You are advised to use Huawei

APs to connect to the AC.

l You can run the display ap-type command to check the default AP types supported by the

device.

l If an AP that needs to connect to the AC is not within the default AP types supported by

the device, run the ap-type command to add the AP type so that the AP can connect to theAC.

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LAN Interface Cards Used on the WLAN

During network deployment, APs must connect to LAN interfaces of the device. If no LAN

interface is available on the MPU of the device or more LAN interfaces are required, you must

use a LAN interface card. Pay attention to the following when selecting the LAN interface card:

l AR150 series provides four LAN interfaces on the MPU and supports no LAN interface

card.

l AR160 series provides four LAN interfaces on the MPU and supports no LAN interface

card.

l AR200 series provides eight LAN interfaces on the MPU and supports no LAN interface

card.

l All AR1200 models provide eight LAN interfaces on their MPUs except the AR1220L

which has no LAN interface on the MPU. The 8FE1GE or 4GE-2S card can be installed

on the AR1200 series to provide LAN interfaces. AR1220V, AR1220W, and AR1220VW

can connect to an external PoE power supply. Interfaces FE4 to FE7 support PoE power

supply.

l AR2201-48FE and AR2202-48FE provide forty-eight LAN interfaces on their MPUs and

support no LAN interface card.

l AR2204 provides no LAN interface on the MPU but can use the 8FE1GE or 4GE-2S card

to provide LAN interfaces.

l AR2220, and AR2240 provide no LAN interface on their MPUs but can use the 8FE1GE,

4GE-2S, or 24GE card to provide LAN interfaces.

l AR3200 series provides no LAN interface on the MPU but can use the 8FE1GE, 4GE-2S,

or 24GE card to provide LAN interfaces.

NOTE

The 4GE-2S card is an optical interface card and can connect only to APs that support optical interfaces

or combo interfaces working in optical mode.

License Support

The WLAN AC function is used with a license and is unavailable by default. To use the AC

function, apply for and purchase a license from the agent according to the device model.

l AR150&160&200 series: AR150&160&200 value-added service package for data services

and AR150&160&200 AC Express License

l AR1200 series: AR1200 value-added service package for data services and AR1200 AC

Express License


Express License


Express License

NOTE

To use WLAN AC functions, you must load a value-added service package and a license on the AC. A

license is used according to the value-added service package loaded on the device; therefore, load a value-

added service package before loading the corresponding license.

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AC and AP version mapping

AC Version Minimum AP Version

V200R005C00 V200R001C00

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2 WLAN-AC Service ConfigurationAbout This Chapter

You can conf igure the WLAN-AC service to enable users to easily access a wireless network

and move around within the coverage of the wireless network.

2.1 Overview

Compared with a wired local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN) is easier to deploy

and requires lower maintenance cost. One or more APs can provide wireless access for an area.

2.2 Default Configuration

This section provides the default WLAN service conf iguration.

2.3 Configur ation Process

This section describes the process for configuring the WLAN-AC service.

2.4 Configuring AC System Parameters

You can conf igure AC system parameters to identify an AC and ensure that radio parameters

(channel and power) of an AP that associates with the AC comply with local laws and regulations.

2.5 Managing APs on the AC

An AC deter mines whether to allow APs to access a WLAN and configures AP parameters and

AP regions for APs so that APs can go online.

2.6 Configuring the WLAN Service VAP

When an AP is working properly, you can configure service virtual access points (VAPs) on theAP to provide differentiated WLAN services for users.

2.7 Maintaining WLANs

Maintaining WLANs includes upgrading APs online, resetting APs, monitoring APs, monitoring

STAs, and restoring the factory settings of APs.

2.8 Configuration Examples

This section provides WLAN service configuration examples, including networking

requirements, configuration roadmap, and configuration procedure.

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2.1 OverviewCompared with a wired local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN) is easier to deploy

and requires lower maintenance cost. One or more APs can provide wireless access for an area.

Wired LANs use wired cables or optical fibers as transmission media, which are expensive and

have fixed locations. As people have increasing requirements on network mobility, wired LANs

cannot meet these requirements. WLAN technology is then developed. Currently, WLAN has

become a cost-efficient network access mode. WLAN technology allows you to easily access a

wireless network and move around within the coverage of the wireless network.

In this configuration guide, the device functions as an Access Controller (AC) and uses the

centralized architecture.

Centralized Architecture

In centralized architecture, an AC manages and controls multiple APs (Fit APs) in centralized

manner, as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1 WLAN centralized architecture

STA

Campus

network

DHCP

server

DNS

server

NMS

Fit AP

Fit AP

C A P W

A P

C A P W A P

AC

Internet

Campus

egress

gateway

STA

STA

STA

STA

In centralized architecture, APs work with an AC to implement wireless access.

l The AC implements all security, control, and management functions, including mobile user

management, identity authentication, VLAN assignment, radio management, and data

forwarding.

l Fit APs implement wireless radio access, including radio signal transmission and detection

response, data encryption and decryption, and data transmission acknowledgment.

l The AC and APs communicate using Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points

(CAPWAP). They can be connected across a Layer 2 or Layer 3 network.

The centralized architecture applies to enterprise networks and carrier networks because it allows

centralized management and maintenance. The centralized architecture is used in the following

sections.

Concepts

The WLAN feature involves the following concepts:

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l Station (STA): a terminal that supports 802.11 standards, such as a PC that has a wireless

NIC or a mobile phone that supports WLAN.

l Radio signal: high-frequency electromagnetic wave that has long-distance transmission

capabilities. Radio signals provide transmission media for 802.11-compliant WLANs.

Radio signals described in this document are electromagnetic waves in 2.4 GHz or 5 GHzfrequency band.

l Access point (AP): a device that provides 802.11-compliant wireless access for STAs to

connect wired networks to wireless networks. APs fall into two categories:

– Fat AP: provides wireless access for STAs in the autonomous architecture. A Fat AP

provides wireless connection, security, and management functions.

– Fit AP: provides wireless access for STAs in the centralized architecture. A Fit AP

provides only reliable, high-performance wireless connection and depends on an access

controller (AC) to provide other functions.

l AC: a device that controls and manages all the APs on a WLAN in the centralized

architecture. For example, an AC can connect to an authentication server to authenticate

WLAN users.

l Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP): an encapsulation and

transmission mechanism defined in RFC 5415 to implement communication between APs

and ACs.

l Virtual access point (VAP): a WLAN service entity on an AP. You can create different

VAPs on an AP to provide wireless access service for different user groups.

l AP region: a collection of APs. AP regions are configured based on AP deployment on

enterprise networks. Generally, a region maps a hotspot.

l Service set identifier (SSID): a unique identifier that identifies a wireless network. When

you search for available wireless networks on your laptop, SSIDs are displayed to identify

the available wir eless networks.

SSIDs are classified into two types:

– Basic service set identifier (BSSID): a link-layer MAC address of a VAP on an AP.

Figure 2-2 shows the relationship between VAP and BSSID.

Figure 2-2 Relationship between VAP and BSSID

AP

VAP1:

SSID: guestBSSID: 0025.9e45.24a0

VAP2:

SSID: internal

BSSID: 0025.9e45.24a9

STA1:

I join the guest network

STA2:

I join the internal network

–Extended service set identifier (ESSID): an identifier of one or a group of wirelessnetworks. For example, in Figure 2-2, SSID guest identifies a wireless network, and

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SSID internal identifies another wireless network. A STA scans all wireless networks

and selects a wireless network based on the SSID. Generally, an SSID refers to an

ESSID.

NOTE

Multiple APs can use one ESSID to provide roaming service for users; however, their BSSIDs

must be unique because the MAC address of each AP is unique.

l Basic service set (BSS): an area covered by an AP. STAs in a BSS can communicate with

each other.

l Extend service set (ESS): a group of BSSs that share the same SSID.

Figure 2-3 shows the relationship between SSID, BSSID, BSS, and ESS.

Figure 2-3 Relationship between SSID, BSSID, BSS, and ESS

AP2

BSS

AP1

BSS

ESS

SSID=”huawei” SSID=”huawei”

BSSID:

0025.9e45.24a0

BSSID:

0025.9e45.3100

2.2 Default Configuration

This section provides the default WLAN service configuration.

Table 2-1 Default WLAN service configuration

Parameter Default Setting

Country code CN (China)

AP authentication mode MAC authenticationAP region 0

AP profile ap-profile-0

Data forwarding mode Direct forwarding

2.3 Configuration Process

This section describes the process for configuring the WLAN-AC service.

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Context

Table 2-2 shows the WLAN service configuration process.

Table 2-2 WLAN service configuration process

No. Task Description Remarks

1 2.4 Configuring AC

System Parameters

Ensure that radio

parameters (channel

and power) of an AP

that associates with

an AC comply with

local laws and

regulations. Tasks 1, 2, and 3

must be performed in

sequence.2 2.5 Managing APs

on the AC

Connect the AP to an

AC correctly.

3 2.6 Configuring the

WLAN Service

VAP

Provide

differentiated

WLAN services for

users.

2.4 Configuring AC System ParametersYou can configure AC system parameters to identify an AC and ensure that radio parameters

(channel and power) of an AP that associates with the AC comply with local laws and regulations.

Pre-Configuration Tasks

Before configuring AC system parameters, complete the following task:

l Powering on the device and ensuring that the self-check succeeds

Configuration Process

The configuration tasks are mandatory and can be performed in any sequence. The AC function

takes effect only when all configuration tasks are completed.

2.4.1 Configuring the WLAN Mode

Procedure

Step 1 Run:system-view

The system view is displayed.

Step 2 Run:set workmode wlan ac

The device is configured to work in AC mode.

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By default, the device works in AP mode.

Step 3 Run:quit

Exit from the system view.Step 4 Run:

reboot [ fast ]

The device is restarted.

NOTE

After the device is restarted, the AC mode takes effect.

----End

2.4.2 Configuring Country Codes

Context

A country code identifies the country to which AP radios belong. Different countries support

different AP radio attributes, including the transmit power and supported channels.

NOTE

l When configuring an AC for the first time, configure a correct country code to comply with local laws

and regulations.

l An AP has a preconfigured country code before delivery. To enable an AP to connect to an AC, ensure

that the AP and AC have the same country code.

Procedure



Step 2 Run: wlan ac-global country-code country-code

A global country code is configured for the AC.

Changing a country code will delete related VAPs.

By default, the global country code of an AC is CN.

NOTE

For details about country codes, see wlan ac-global country-code.

----End

2.4.3 Configuring an AC Identifier

Context

An AC's identifiers include the carrier ID, AC ID, and AC network element name.

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Carrier IDs can identify ACs of different carriers, and AC IDs can identify ACs of the same

carrier. When deploying a WLAN, use an AC ID and a carrier ID to identify an AC and facilitate

AC maintenance and management.

Each AC is a network element. You can configure network element names for ACs so that the

ACs can be identified by an NMS.

Procedure

Step 1 Run:

system-view


Step 2 Run:

wlan ac-global { ac id ac-id | carrier id { cmcc | ctc | cuc | other } } *

A carrier ID and an AC ID are configured for the AC.

By default, no carrier ID or AC ID is configured for an AC.

----End

2.4.4 Configuring a Source Interface

Context

Before an AP establishes a CAPWAP tunnel with an AC, a source interface must be specified

for the AC.

You can specify a VLANIF or loopback interface on the device as the AC source interface:

l WLANIF interface: applies to the scenario where the APs that associate with the AC belong

to the same management VLAN.

l Loopback interface: applies to the scenario where the APs that associate with the AC belong

to different management VLANs. When the APs belong to multiple management VLANs,

the AC must have multiple VLANIF interfaces configured. If one of the VLANIF interfaces

is specified as the source interface, all the APs cannot go online when the source interface

fails. A loopback interface remains Up after being created. When a loopback interface is

used as the source interface and a VLANIF interface becomes faulty, only the AP that

connects to the VLANIF interface cannot go online.

Procedure

l Specify a VLANIF interface as the source interface.

1. Run:

system-view


2. Run:

vlan vlan-id

A VLAN is created.

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NOTE

The created VLAN is a management VLAN.

3. Run:

quit

Exit from the VLAN view.

4. Run:

interface vlanif vlan-id

A VLANIF interface is created and the VLANIF interface view is displayed.

5. Run:

ip address ip-address { mask | mask-length }

An IP address and a subnet mask are configured for the VLANIF interface.

6. Run:

quit

Exit from the VLANIF interface view.

7. Run:

wlan ac

The WLAN view is displayed.

8. Run:

wlan ac source interface vlanif vlan-id

The VLANIF interface is specified as the source interface of the CAPWAP tunnel

established between an AP and the AC.

NOTE

If a source interface has been configured on the device, you must run the undo wlan ac source

interface command first before configuring a new source interface.

After the undo wlan ac source interface command is executed, all APs get offline on the AC.

Therefore, exercise caution before running the command.

l Specify a loopback interface as the source interface.

1. Run:

system-view


2. Run:

interface loopback loopback-number

A loopback interface is created and the loopback interface view is displayed.

3. Run:

ip address ip-address { mask | mask-length }

An IP address and a subnet mask are configured for the loopback interface.

NOTE

The IP address of a loopback interface must use a 32-bit mask.

4. Run:

quit

The loopback interface view is displayed.

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5. Run:

wlan ac


6. Run:

wlan ac source interface loopback loopback-number

The loopback interface is specified as the source interface of the CAPWAP tunnel

established between an AP and the AC.

NOTE

If a source interface has been configured on the device, you must run the undo wlan ac source

interface command first before configuring a new source interface.

After the undo wlan ac source interface command is executed, all APs get offline on the AC.

Therefore, exercise caution before running the command.

----End

2.4.5 (Optional) Configuring a Network Element Name

Context

A network element is a physical device or service unit on the network topology. Each AC is a

network element.

You can configure network element names for ACs so that the ACs can be identified by an NMS.

Procedure



Step 2 Run: wlan ac


Step 3 Run:ac sysnetid ac-sysnetid

A network element name is configured for the AC.

By default, no network element name is configured for an AC.

----End

2.4.6 Checking the Configuration

Procedure

l Run the display wlan ac-global command to check AC system parameters.

l Run the display wlan ac source interface command to check the AC source interface.

----End

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2.5 Managing APs on the AC

An AC determines whether to allow APs to access a WLAN and configures AP parameters and

AP regions for APs so that APs can go online.

Pre-Configuration Tasks

Before configuring the AC to manage APs, complete the following tasks:

l Configuring Layer 2 or Layer 3 interworking between APs and the AC

l (Optional) Configuring a DHCP server to allocate IP addresses to APs and STAs

NOTE

For details on how to configure a DHCP server, see DHCP Configuration. To use a DHCP server to

assign IP addresses to APs and STAs, configure the AC as the DHCP server or use an independentDHCP server.

l When an enterprise branch has no independent DHCP server, configure an AC as the DHCP

server.

l An independent DHCP server applies to large WLANs of large- and medium-sized campus

networks.

A service DHCP address pool assigns IP addresses to STAs, and a management DHCP address pool

assigns IP addresses to APs. The two types of DHCP address pools must be configured separately.

Configuration Process

The following configuration tasks must be performed in sequence: (Optional) Adding AP

Types, (Optional) Configuring CAPWAP Tunnel Parameters, (Optional) ConfiguringAutomatic Upgrade When APs Go Online, Adding APs, Configuring AP Regions, and

Configuring an AP Profile and Binding It to an AP. The other configuration tasks can be

performed in any sequence.

2.5.1 (Optional) Adding AP Types

Context

Only APs of the device types supported by an AC can connect to the AC. You can run the

display ap-type all command to view the list of AP types supported by an AC. If the APs to be

added are not specified in the list, add these AP types.

NOTE

If some AP types are preconfigured on an AC before delivery, modifying attributes of these APs is not

allowed. These attributes include the maximum number of access users, antenna gain, number of wired-

side interfaces, and number and type of radios on the APs.

Procedure



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Step 2 Run: wlan ac


Step 3 (Optional) Run:display ap-type all

The list of AP types supported by the AC is displayed. You can check whether the AP types to

be added are specified in the list.

Step 4 Run:

ap-type { id type-id | type ap-type } *

An AP type is added and the AP type view is displayed.

NOTE

Before adding an AP type, specify type ap-type. Otherwise, the AP type cannot be added.

Step 5 (Optional) Run:type-desc type-desc

The AP type description is configured.

By default, the AP type description is ap-type-type-id . For example, if the added AP type ID is

201, the AP type description is ap-type-201.

Step 6 (Optional) Run: max-sta-num max-sta-num

The maximum number of access users is configured.

By default, a maximum of 128 access users are allowed on an AP.

Step 7 (Optional) Run:antenna-gain antenna-gain

The antenna gain is configured.

By default, the antenna gain of an AP is 0 dB.

Step 8 (Optional) Run:lineate-port number lineate-port-num

The number of wired-side interfaces is configured.

By default, an AP supports eight wired-side interfaces.

NOTE

Currently, AP types preconfigured on an AC before delivery support only one wired-side interface.

Step 9 (Optional) Run:lineate-port { port0-type | port1-type | port2-type | port3-type | port4-type | port5-type | port6-type | port7-type } port-type

The wired-side interface type is configured.

By default, the wired-side interface type is FE.

Step 10 (Optional) Run:radio number radio-num

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The number of radios is configured.

By default, an AP supports four radios.

Step 11 Run:

radio { radio0-type radio-type | radio1-type radio-type | radio2-type radio-type |radio3-type radio-type } *

The radio type is configured.

By default, the radio type on an AP is 802.11a.

Step 12 Run:radio { radio0-max-spatial-streams max-spatial-streams | radio1-max-spatial-streams max-spatial-streams | radio2-max-spatial-streams max-spatial-streams |

radio3-max-spatial-streams max-spatial-streams } *

The maximum number of spatial streams on a radio is configured.

By default, an AP radio supports only one spatial stream.

When an AP sends information to a STA, the AP divides the data flow into multiple spatial

streams. Each spatial stream is sent through a different antenna to ensure higher data transmission

rate and larger coverage area.

Step 13 Run:radio { radio0-max-antennas { smart-antenna-array | max-antennas } | radio1-max-antennas { smart-antenna-array | max-antennas } | radio2-max-antennas { smart-antenna-array | max-antennas } | radio3-max-antennas { smart-antenna-array | max-

antennas } } *

The maximum number of antennas on a radio is configured.

By default, an AP radio has only one antenna.

Step 14 Run:radio { radio0-max-vap radio-max-vap | radio1-max-vap radio-max-vap | radio2-max-

vap radio-max-vap | radio3-max-vap radio-max-vap } *

The maximum number of VAPs on a radio is configured.

By default, an AP radio supports a maximum of eight VAPs.

----End

2.5.2 (Optional) Configuring CAPWAP Tunnel Parameters

Context

After an AP is powered on and obtains an AC IP address, the AP begins to establish CAPWAP

tunnels with the AC. CAPWAP tunnels include control tunnels and data tunnels.

The AC sends management packets through CAPWAP control tunnels to manage APs in a

centralized manner. To improve link reliability and prevent CAPWAP control tunnels from

being terminated when the service traffic volume is high, configure a high priority for CAPWAP

management packets.

CAPWAP tunnels use heartbeat detection mechanism to ensure security:

Heartbeat detection mechanism: The AP and AC periodically exchange Echo packets todetermine whether the control tunnel is working properly and periodically exchange Keepalive

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packets to determine whether the data tunnel is working properly. If the AP or AC does not

receive any response from each other after Echo or Keepalive packets are sent for the specified

number of times, the AP and AC consider that the control or data tunnel is terminated. The tunnel

needs to be re-established.

Procedure

Step 1 Run:

system-view


Step 2 Run:

wlan ac


Step 3 Configure CAPWAP tunnel parameters as required.

Procedure Command Description

Configure the priority of

CAPWAP management

packets.

capwap control-priority { ac | ap }

priority-value

By default, the priority

value of CAPWAP

management packets is

7.

NOTEA larger priority value

indicates a higher

priority and link

reliability. The default

value 7 is recommended.

Set the

CAPW

AP

heartbea

t

detectio

n

mechani

sm.

Configure the

heartbeat

detection

interval.

capwap keep-alive interval interval-

value

By default, the

CAPWAP heartbeat

detection interval is

25s.

Configure the

number of

CAPWAP

heartbeat

detections.

capwap keep-alive times times-value By default, a maximum

number of six

CAPWAP heartbeat

detections can be

performed.

If dual-link backup isenabled, a maximum of

three CAPWAP

heartbeat detections

can be performed.

----End

2.5.3 (Optional) Configuring Automatic Upgrade When APs Go

Online

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Context

In automatic upgrade mode, an AP checks whether its version is the same as that configured on

the FTP server during login. If the two versions are different, the AP upgrades its version, restarts,

and goes online again. If the two versions are the same, the AP does not upgrade its version.

Prerequisites

The AP version file has been uploaded to the FTP server.

Procedure



Step 2 Run: wlan ac


Step 3 Run:ap-update ftp-server server-ip-address [ ftp-username ftpusername ] [ ftp-password { cipher | simple } ftppassword ]

Basic FTP information, including the FTP server IP address, FTP user name, and password, is

configured.

By default, the FTP server IP address is 255.255.255.255, the FTP user name is anonymous, and

the FTP password is [email protected].

Step 4 Run:ap-update update-filename ap-type filename ap-type type-id

The upgrade file name for a specified AP type is specified.

By default, no upgrade file is configured for a specified AP type.

----End

2.5.4 Adding APs

Context

You can add APs in any of the following modes:

l Adding APs offline: AP attributes including the AP type, MAC address, or serial number

(SN) are configured on the AC before APs go online. APs start to connect to the AC if their

AP types, MAC addresses, or SNs match the configured ones.

l Discovering APs in the whitelist: The AP authentication mode is set to no authentication;

alternatively, the AP authentication mode is set to MAC or SN authentication and the AP

whitelist is configured on the AC. When an AP in the whitelist connects to the AC, the AC

discovers the AP, and the AP goes online.

l

Manually confirming APs added to the list of unauthorized APs: The AP authenticationmode is set to MAC or SN authentication, and the AP whitelist is configured on the AC.

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When an AP out of the whitelist connects to the AC, the AC adds the AP to the list of

unauthorized APs. After the AP identity is confirmed, the AP can go online.

After you add an AP to an AC offline and configure AP parameters, for example, AP region or

profile to which the AP is bound to, the AP can go online and use the configured data to work.

When the AC is configured to automatically discover APs, an AP uses the default parametersto work after going online.

Adding an AP offline is recommended when the MAC address or SN of the AP is already learned.

Procedure

l Add an AP offline.

1. Run:

system-view


2. Run: wlan ac


3. Run:

ap-auth-mode { mac-auth | sn-auth }

The AP authentication mode is set to MAC or SN authentication.

By default, the AP authentication mode is MAC address authentication.

4. Run:

ap id ap-id { type-id type-id | ap-type ap-type } { mac ap-mac | sn ap-

sn } *

The specified AP is added offline.

By default, no AP is added offline.

NOTE

If the AP authentication mode is set to MAC authentication, specify the MAC address of an

AP when adding the AP offline. If the AP authentication mode is set to SN authentication,

specify the SN of an AP when adding the AP offline.

When an AP connects to the AC, the AP enters the normal state if the MAC address or SN of

the AP is on the whitelist.

l Configure the AC to discover APs in the whitelist.

– Set the AP authentication mode to no authentication.

1. Run:system-view


2. Run: wlan ac


3. Run:

ap-auth-mode no-auth

The AP authentication mode is set to no authentication.


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NOTE

When an AP connects to the AC, the AP enters the normal state if the MAC address or

SN of the AP is on the whitelist.

– Set the AP authentication mode to MAC or SN authentication.

1. Run:system-view


2. Run: wlan ac


3. Run:




4. Configure the AP whitelist.

– If the AP authentication mode is set to MAC authentication, run:ap-whitelist mac ap-mac1 to ap-mac2

The AP with the specified MAC address is added to the whitelist.

– If the AP authentication mode is set to SN authentication, run:ap-whitelist sn ap-sn1 to ap-sn2

The AP with the specified SN is added to the whitelist.

NOTE

When an AP connects to the AC, the AP enters the normal state if the MAC address or SN of

the AP is on the whitelist.

l Confirm the AP added to the list of unauthorized APs.

1. Run:

system-view


2. Run:

wlan ac


3. Run:




4. Run:

display unauthorized-ap record

Information about unauthorized APs is displayed.

5. Run:

ap-confirm { all | { mac ap-mac | sn ap-sn } [ id ap-id ] }

The specified authorized AP is confirmed. The AP then enters the normal state.

----End

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2.5.5 Configuring an AP Region

Context

After an AP goes online, the AC adds the AP to an AP region. If an AP region is specified for the AP, the AC adds the AP to the specified AP region. If no AP region is specified for the AP,

the AC adds the AP to the default AP region.

Adjusting the parameters (supported channel or power) of an AP may cause the parameters of

neighboring APs to be adjusted. To quicken adjustment, minimize the impact, and reduce the

workload, all the APs connecting to the same AC can be divided into several regions. The impact

of adjustment on an AP is limited within the local region.

You can add APs to an AP region using two methods:

l To add all the APs deployed at a hotspot to the same AP region, create an AP region and

change the default AP region to the new AP region. After the APs are powered on, they

automatically connect to the WLAN and join the new AP region.l To add online APs to the same AP region, create an AP region for the current hotspot and

import all the APs in the default AP region into the new AP region.

Procedure

l Create an AP region and add APs to the AP region.

1. Run:

system-view


2. Run:

wlan ac


3. Run:

ap-region id region-id

An AP region is created and the AP region view is displayed.

4. (Optional) Run:

ap-region-name region-name

The AP region name is configured.

By default, the AP region name is ap-region-region-id . If AP region 6 is created, itsregion name is ap-region-6.

5. Run:

deploy-mode { densely-deploy | discrete-deploy | normal-deploy }

The AP deployment mode in the AP region is configured.

By default, the AP deployment mode in an AP region is normal-deploy.

6. Run:

quit

Exit from the AP region view.

7. Run:ap id ap-id

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The AP view is displayed.

NOTE

ap-id identifies an AP on an AC. An AC assigns a unique ID to each AP. You can specify ap-

id to configure parameters for a specified AP.

8. Run:

region-id region-id

The AP is added to the created AP region.

By default, an AP is added to AP region 0.

NOTE

An AP joins an AP region after going online. If no AP region is created, the AP joins default

AP region 0.

l Change the default AP region.

1. Run:system-view


2. Run:

wlan ac


3. Run:

default-ap-region id region-id

The default AP region ID is changed.

By default, the default AP region ID is 0.

l Merge two AP regions.

1. Run:

system-view


2. Run:

wlan ac


3. Run:

ap-region merge region-id1 into region-id2

Two AP regions are merged into one region with region ID as region-id2.

By default, no AP regions are merged.

NOTE

Before merging AP regions into a new AP region, ensure that:

l The new AP region has been created.

l Some APs have joined the AP region specified by region-id1.

----End

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Configuration Guide

ar150&160&200&1200&2200&3200 v200r005c00 configuration guide - wlan-ac 01_bookmap.pdf

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