aqueous reactions aqueous reactions and solution stoichiometry cdo high school

AqueousReactions

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

CDO High School

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Solute and solvent

Solute: the substance that is dissolved in another substance

Solvent: the substance that something is dissolved into it

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Concentrated vs Dilute Concentration: refers to how much solute is dissolved

in the solvent

Concentrated: solutions with a large amount of solute dissolved in solvent

Dilute: solutions with a small amount of solute dissolved the solvent

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Molarity Two solutions can contain the same compounds

but be quite different because the proportions of those compounds are different.

Molarity is one way to measure the concentration of a solution.

moles of solute

volume of solution in litersMolarity (M) =

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Units of Molarity2.0 M HCl = 2.0 moles HCl

1 L HCl solution

6.0 M HCl = 6.0 moles HCl

1 L HCl solution

5LecturePLUS Timberlake

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Molarity CalculationNaOH is used to remove potato peels commercially.

If 4.0 g NaOH are used to make 500. mL of NaOH solution, what is the molarity (M) of the solution?


AqueousReactions

Calculating Molarity

1) 4.0 g NaOH ÷ 40.0 g/mol NaOH = 0.10 mole NaOH

2) 500. mL x 1 L _ = 0.500 L

1000 mL

3) 0.10 mole NaOH = 0.20 mole NaOH = 0.20 M NaOH

0.500 L 1 L


AqueousReactions

Learning Check M1

A KOH solution with a volume of 400 mL contains 2 mole KOH. What is the molarity of the solution?


Dra

no

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Learning Check M2

A glucose solution with a volume of 2.0 L contains 72 g glucose (C6H12O6). If glucose has a molar mass of 180. g/mole, what is the molarity of the glucose solution?


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Learning Check M3 Stomach acid is a 0.10 M HCl solution. How many

moles of HCl are in 1500 mL of stomach acid solution?


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Learning Check M4

How many grams of KCl are present in 2.5 L of 0.50 M KCl?


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Solution M4

3)

2.5 L x 0.50 mole x 74.6 g KCl = 93 g KCl

1 L 1 mole KCl


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Learning Check M5

How many milliliters of stomach acid, which is 0.10 M HCl, contain 0.15 mole HCl?


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Learning Check M6How many grams of NaOH are required to prepare 400. mL of 3.0 M NaOH solution?


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Solution Stoichiometry The majority of work in research and industry involves

solutions. Recall that solutions are easy to handle and are usually easier to control in reactions.

Solution stoichiometry – the procedure for calculating the molar concentration or volume of solution products or reactants

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MoleA

(mol)

MoleB

(mol)

MassA

(g)

MassB

(g)

VolumeB

(L)

MolarityB

(M)

VolumeA

(L)

MolarityA

(M)

X Mole Ratio

X Mole RatioX

Mo

lar

Ma

ss

÷ M

ola

r M

as

s

÷ M

ola

r M

as

s

X M

ola

r M

as

s

X Molarity A X Molarity

B÷ Molarity B

÷ Molarity A

X Volume AX Volume B

÷ Volume A÷ Volume B

AqueousReactions

Example #1 Ammonia and phosphoric acid solutions are used to

produce ammonium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer. What volume of 14.8 M NH3(aq) is needed to react with 1000 L of 12.9 M of H3PO4(aq)?

2NH3(aq) + H3PO4(aq) (NH4)2HPO4(aq)

1000 L x 12.9 mol x 2mol ÷ 14.8 mol/L = 1740 L

1 L 1mol

AqueousReactions

Example #2 In an experiment, .01000 L sample of sulfuric acid solution reacts

completely with 0.0159 L of 0.150 M potassium hydroxide. Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid.

H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) 2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq)

0.0159 L x 0.150 mol x 1mol x 1 = 0.119 mol/L

1 L 2 mol 0.0100 L

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Example #3 How many grams of silver chromate will form when 120 mL of

0.500 M silver nitrate are added to potassium chromate?

2 AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) Ag2CrO4(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)

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Example #4 If you mix 200 ml of 0.100 M Pb(NO3)2 and 300 ml of 0.200 M

MgCl2, how much PbCl2 precipitate will you form?

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2MgCl2(aq) PbCl2(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)

aqueous reactions aqueous reactions and solution stoichiometry cdo high school

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