AQUATIC WEED AQUATIC WEED CONTROLCONTROL

PondsPonds

14,000 ponds east of highway 1714,000 ponds east of highway 17 6,000 ponds in tri-county area6,000 ponds in tri-county area

PondsPonds

Two kinds of pondsTwo kinds of pondsOnes that have weedsOnes that have weedsOnes that will have weedsOnes that will have weeds

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDSAlgaeAlgae Photosynthesizing plantPhotosynthesizing plant

No roots, leaves, or flowersNo roots, leaves, or flowers

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDSAlgaeAlgae Microscopic algaeMicroscopic algae: turns water green: turns water green

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

AlgaeAlgae FilamentousFilamentous: strands attach to rocks or : strands attach to rocks or

float in matsfloat in mats

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

AlgaeAlgae CharaChara: resemble flowering plant: resemble flowering plant

Can be toxic to fishCan be toxic to fish

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants SubmersedSubmersed

Rooted plants that don't reach the surfaceRooted plants that don't reach the surface

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating

Floating plant that has dangling unattached Floating plant that has dangling unattached rootsroots

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating

Water LettuceWater Lettuce

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating

Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating

Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Free-floatingFree-floating

DuckweedDuckweed

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants Rooted-floatingRooted-floating

Crested Floating HeartCrested Floating Heart

AQUATIC WEEDSAQUATIC WEEDS

Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants EmergentEmergent

Rooted and emerging above water surfaceRooted and emerging above water surface

AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH

LIGHTLIGHT Photic zonePhotic zone is the water with enough light is the water with enough light

to support growthto support growth Bottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlightBottom of photic zone is 1% of full sunlight Silt water = 3"Silt water = 3" Clear water as deep as 300'Clear water as deep as 300'

AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTSNitrogen and phosphorusNitrogen and phosphorus PhosphorusPhosphorus is the limiting nutrient is the limiting nutrient

Most important to free-floating plantsMost important to free-floating plants P pollution can cause algal blooms P pollution can cause algal blooms RunoffRunoff is major contributor is major contributor

AQUATIC WEED GROWTHAQUATIC WEED GROWTH

NUTRIENTSNUTRIENTS PhosphorusPhosphorus

Linear relationship between P and green Linear relationship between P and green water algaewater algae

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Nutrient controlNutrient control Buffer vegetation on shoreBuffer vegetation on shore

Unmowed stripUnmowed strip

ShorelineShoreline

Turf will be undercutTurf will be undercut

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Nutrient controlNutrient control Buffer vegetation on shoreBuffer vegetation on shore

Wetland plantsWetland plants

ShorelineShoreline

Vegetate shorelineVegetate shoreline Wetland plantsWetland plants

• Wetland carpetWetland carpet

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Nutrient controlNutrient control Floating wetlandFloating wetland

Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm)Dangling roots support microbes (biofilm) Absorb nutrientsAbsorb nutrients

Floating WetlandFloating Wetland

5% to 20% coverage of pond desireable5% to 20% coverage of pond desireable

ShorelineShoreline

Riprap shorelineRiprap shoreline Stones control emergent weedsStones control emergent weeds

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Rip rapRip rapStabilize shorelineStabilize shoreline

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

MechanicalMechanical Weed cutters that Weed cutters that

remove weedsremove weeds SlowSlow

2 acres/day2 acres/day Hydrilla mechanical Hydrilla mechanical

control can break off control can break off pieces and spread pieces and spread

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

DrawdownDrawdown Solidify floating nutrientsSolidify floating nutrients Kill submersed weedsKill submersed weeds

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Non-toxic blue or black dyesNon-toxic blue or black dyes Blocks light below 18”Blocks light below 18”

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

BiologicalBiological Alligatorweed Flea BeetleAlligatorweed Flea Beetle

Release controlled alligatorweed where flea Release controlled alligatorweed where flea beetle can overwinterbeetle can overwinter

Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth Mites, weevils and fungus releasedMites, weevils and fungus released Limited successLimited success

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

AerationAeration Fountains and turbinesFountains and turbines

Aerobic conditions support Aerobic conditions support microbes and fishmicrobes and fish

Reduce algae?Reduce algae?

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Grass carpGrass carp Triploid (sterile)Triploid (sterile) Consume massive amounts of weedsConsume massive amounts of weeds Stock 10” to 12” fishStock 10” to 12” fish

PredationPredation

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Grass carpGrass carp 3 to 5 years of service3 to 5 years of service

Can live 10 yearsCan live 10 years Carp 5 per acre preventativeCarp 5 per acre preventative

20 per acre curative20 per acre curative Grass carp embryos exposed to temperature Grass carp embryos exposed to temperature

variations that produce a third chromosomevariations that produce a third chromosome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPeg1tbBt0A

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Tilapia Tilapia Feed on algaeFeed on algaeHarvest to eatHarvest to eat

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

Barley balesBarley bales Releases natural chemicalReleases natural chemical Green water onlyGreen water only

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

UV FilterUV FilterWater passes by UV Water passes by UV bulbbulbControls algae onlyControls algae onlyAlgal cells clump Algal cells clump together or dietogether or die

AQUATIC WEED CONTROLAQUATIC WEED CONTROL

ChemicalsChemicals Some that are labeled for aquatic useSome that are labeled for aquatic use Consult labelConsult label Liquid, granule or pellet formulationLiquid, granule or pellet formulation

Sinker adjuvantSinker adjuvant

AQUATIC HERBICIDESAQUATIC HERBICIDES

Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate (Cutrine) (Cutrine) Controls algae in drinking water suppliesControls algae in drinking water supplies Alkaline water (high carbonates) Alkaline water (high carbonates)

precipitate out copperprecipitate out copper Copper ChelatesCopper Chelates more stable in alkaline water more stable in alkaline water

Grass carp can cut copper use 80%Grass carp can cut copper use 80%

AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES

Emerged or floating weedsEmerged or floating weeds Diquat (Reward)Diquat (Reward)

Less effective in muddy waterLess effective in muddy water 2,4-D (Aquacide)2,4-D (Aquacide) Glyphosate (Rodeo)Glyphosate (Rodeo)

AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES

HERBICIDE APPLICATIONSHERBICIDE APPLICATIONS Start control early to avoid oxygen Start control early to avoid oxygen

depletiondepletion Repeat other half after 2 weeksRepeat other half after 2 weeks

Fish KillFish Kill

MO decomposing plant MO decomposing plant material utilizes oxygenmaterial utilizes oxygen

Heavy weed or algae kill can Heavy weed or algae kill can deplete oxygen from water and deplete oxygen from water and kill fishkill fish

Control only 1/2 of areaControl only 1/2 of area High temperatures have less High temperatures have less

oxygenoxygen More susceptible to fish killMore susceptible to fish kill

AQUATIC HEBRICIDESAQUATIC HEBRICIDES

Volume needed for algae and free floating Volume needed for algae and free floating weedsweeds

Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average Acre-feet = surface area (acres) X average depthdepth

Average depthAverage depth Half of maximum depthHalf of maximum depth

OROR Average of several measurementsAverage of several measurements

Crested Floating HeartCrested Floating Heart

HydrillaHydrilla

KiawahKiawah

115 ponds115 ponds 343 acres343 acres 49 miles of shoreline49 miles of shoreline

KiawahKiawah

Bivalves (clams) filtering capacities Attaching to grid to floating wetlands, sinking

them Herbicide Bioaugmentation Tilapia and Grass Carp

Cost about $19/A annually

Aquatic Weed DatabaseAquatic Weed Database

http://aquaplant.tamu.edu/

Canadian GeeseCanadian Geese

Canadian geese largest Canadian geese largest pound for pound pooperpound for pound pooper

DNR permit to control DNR permit to control eggseggs

Federally protectedFederally protected https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k24cS3aRaw

Thermocline

 A thin layer in which temperature changes more rapidly than it does in the layers above or below

Thermocline

Turnover conditions can cause oxygen Turnover conditions can cause oxygen depletiondepletion Natural fish killNatural fish kill