aquatic biodi status of bangladesh
TRANSCRIPT
8/6/2019 Aquatic Biodi Status of Bangladesh
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Mostafa Mostafa Hossain Hossain
Dept. of Fish. Biology and GeneticsDept. of Fish. Biology and Genetics
Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghMymensingh
Aquatic Biodiversity in Bangladesh: Ecosystem andAquatic Biodiversity in Bangladesh: Ecosystem and
SpeciesSpecies
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Bangladesh has a unique position in the subBangladesh has a unique position in the sub--tropicaltropical
region, within the delta of three great riversregion, within the delta of three great rivers -- TheTheGanges, theGanges, the BrahmaputraBrahmaputra and theand the MeghnaMeghna (covering(covering
an area of 14.30 million hectares)an area of 14.30 million hectares)
The country is very rich in biodiversityThe country is very rich in biodiversity
The vast wetThe vast wet--lands, wide riverlands, wide river--fed systems, highfed systems, high
rainfall and warm temperature play a significant rolerainfall and warm temperature play a significant rolein the diversity of country’s ecosystemin the diversity of country’s ecosystem
Based on rainfall Bangladesh can be stratified intoBased on rainfall Bangladesh can be stratified into
three zones. Areas receiving average rainfallthree zones. Areas receiving average rainfallbetween 1,500 to 2000 mm, 2000 to 3,000 mm, andbetween 1,500 to 2000 mm, 2000 to 3,000 mm, and
more than 3,000 mm.more than 3,000 mm.
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main rivers and rivermain rivers and river--basinsbasins
GangesGanges
Tista Brahmaputra
Jamuna Jamuna
Brahmaputra
Surma
Garai
Padma
PadmaMeghna
Arial Khan Meghna Halda
Karnaphuli
Kaptai
Lake
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none of the major rivers of Bangladesh originates within its ternone of the major rivers of Bangladesh originates within its territoryritory
country has five major river systemscountry has five major river systems --
i.i. the Ganges orthe Ganges or PadmaPadma and its deltaic streamsand its deltaic streamsii.ii. thethe MeghnaMeghna and theand the SurmaSurma river systemriver system
iii.iii. thethe JamunaJamuna and its adjoining channelsand its adjoining channels
iv.iv. the North Bengal riversthe North Bengal rivers
v.v. the rivers of thethe rivers of the ChittagongChittagong Hill Tracts and the adjoining plainsHill Tracts and the adjoining plains
the Ganges River system is divided into two segments, the Gangesthe Ganges River system is divided into two segments, the Ganges andand
thethe PadmaPadma
thethe MeghnaMeghna river is the union of theriver is the union of the SylhetSylhet--SurmaSurma andand KusiyaraKusiyararivers. therivers. the JamunaJamuna and its adjoining channels span a large area fromand its adjoining channels span a large area from
northnorth--central Bangladesh to thecentral Bangladesh to the MeghnaMeghna River in the southeastRiver in the southeast
TheThe TistaTista is the most important water carrier of northis the most important water carrier of north--westernwesternBangladesh that meets theBangladesh that meets the JamunaJamuna
TheThe FeniFeni, the, the KarnaphuliKarnaphuli, the, the SanguSangu, and the, and the MatamuhariMatamuhari are the fourare the four
main rivers that constitute the river system of themain rivers that constitute the river system of the ChittagongChittagong Hills andHills andthe adjoining plains of Bangladeshthe adjoining plains of Bangladesh
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the famous manthe famous man--mademade KaptaiKaptai lake (680 sq. km) formed by damminglake (680 sq. km) formed by damming
thethe KarnaphuliKarnaphuli river, home of many aquatic species and wild life.river, home of many aquatic species and wild life.
from the view point of aquatic biodiversity it is a very importafrom the view point of aquatic biodiversity it is a very importantnt
lake in Bangladeshlake in Bangladesh
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Water area and speciesWater area and species
Inland waters:Inland waters:
4.31 million ha4.31 million ha (260 freshwater fish sp., 12(260 freshwater fish sp., 12
exotic sp. and 24 prawn species.).exotic sp. and 24 prawn species.). TotalTotalproduction 0.827 million tonsproduction 0.827 million tons (67% capture(67% capture
fishery and 33% culture fishery)fishery and 33% culture fishery)
Coastal waters:Coastal waters:2.61 million ha2.61 million ha
Marine waters:Marine waters:1.66 million km1.66 million km22 (475 marine fish sp. and 36(475 marine fish sp. and 36
shrimp sp.)shrimp sp.)
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Waterbodies haPond and ditches 241,500
Ox bow lakes or baors 5,488
Coastal shrimp farms 141,353Total closed waters 388,341
Water Resources for Inland Aquaculture
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Extent of different type of habitats Extent of different type of habitats
Types of water body Area (ha)
a) Inland open waters
1. Rivers (during dry season)
The Ganges 27,165
The Padma 42,325
The Jamuna 73,666
The Meghna (upper) 33,592
The Meghna (lower) 40,407
Other rivers and canals 262,580
479,735
2. Estuarine area 551,828
3. Beels and haors 114,161
4. Kaptai Lake 68,800
5. Inundated flood plains (seasonal) 5,486,609
6,221,398
b) Closed waters
1. Ponds and tanks 146,890
2. Baors (ox-bow lakes) 5,488
3. Brakish water farms 108,000
260,378
c) Marine waters
1. Exclusive economic zones 70,000 km2
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resource Potential of Freshwater Aquacultureresource Potential of Freshwater Aquaculture
1. Open inland waters1. Open inland waters : 4,492,316 ha: 4,492,316 ha
BeelsBeels andand haorshaors : 114,161: 114,161
Rivers and EstuariesRivers and Estuaries : 1,031,563: 1,031,563
KaptaiKaptai lakelake : 68,800: 68,800
Flood plainFlood plain : 2,832,792: 2,832,792
Polder/ Polder/ EncloserEncloser : 876,000: 876,000
2. Closed waters2. Closed waters : 361,841: 361,841
Pond and ditchesPond and ditches : 215,000: 215,000
OxOx--bow lakes orbow lakes or baorsbaors : 5,488: 5,488
Coastal aquaculture (Shrimp farm)Coastal aquaculture (Shrimp farm)
: 141,353: 141,353
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0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
F i
s h p r o d u c
t i o n ( m . t )
19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000
120,000144,723
YearYear
210,993
379,087
649,092
gradual development in freshwater aquaculturegradual development in freshwater aquaculture
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40%40%
21%21%
39%39%
Open water (capture)Open water (capture)
Closed water (culture)Closed water (culture)Marine waterMarine water
contribution of different subcontribution of different sub--sectors tosectors to
total production (1999total production (1999--2000)2000)
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Contribution of Different SpeciesContribution of Different SpeciesFish groupFish group % contribution% contribution
Major carpMajor carp 21.8821.88Exotic carpExotic carp 9.649.64
Other carpOther carp 0.310.31
Cat fishCat fish 2.242.24Snake headSnake head 2.842.84
Live fishLive fish 4.054.05
Other inland fishOther inland fish 27.0827.08
ShrimpShrimp 9.299.29
HilsaHilsa 13.8213.82
Other marine fishOther marine fish 8.848.84
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export of fish and fish products from Bangladeshexport of fish and fish products from Bangladesh
0
15000
30000
45000
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-
2000Year
Q u a n t i t y ( M T )
YearYear
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world fish productionorld fish productionorld fish production
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fish production: comparison between Asia and othersfish production: comparison between Asia and others
m i l l i o n ( M
T )
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fisheries contributionfisheries contribution
in GDP: 4.7 %in agricultural income : 14.0 %
in export earning: 12.0 %
in protein : 6.0%
in animal protein: 80.0 %
permanent fishermen/women: 1.4 million(0.76 million freshwater and 0.52 million marine)
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Contribution of FisheriesFISHERMENFISHERMEN : 1,280,000: 1,280,000
i) Inland Fishermeni) Inland Fishermen : 770,000: 770,000
ii) Marine Fishermenii) Marine Fishermen : 510,000: 510,000
FISH FARMERSFISH FARMERS : 3.08 million: 3.08 million
i) Fish Farmersi) Fish Farmers : 1.93 million: 1.93 million
ii) Shrimp Farmersii) Shrimp Farmers : 1.15 million: 1.15 million
FISHERIES IN GDPFISHERIES IN GDPi) Fisheries Value in the GDPi) Fisheries Value in the GDP :: Tk Tk . 103 billions (. 103 billions (AppxAppx.).)
ii) Contribution to GDPii) Contribution to GDP : 3.4%: 3.4%
FISH INTAKE & DEMANDFISH INTAKE & DEMANDi) Per capita Annual Fish Intakei) Per capita Annual Fish Intake : 12.04 kg.: 12.04 kg.
ii) Per Capita Annual Fish neededii) Per Capita Annual Fish needed : 18.0 kg.: 18.0 kg.
iii) Annual Total Fish Demandiii) Annual Total Fish Demand : 2.3 million: 2.3 million mtmt..
iv) Contribution to Animal Protein Supplyiv) Contribution to Animal Protein Supply : 63 %: 63 %
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Biodiversity of aquatic animals Biodiversity of aquatic animals
Shrimp FM 56
Crabs M 11
F 4Lobsters M 6
Molluscs F 26
M 301
Fish F 260F 13 exotic
M 475
Frogs F 10
Turtle and Tortoise F 24
M 4
SpeciesAnimal groups HabitatCrocodiles F 1
M 1
Ghorial F 1Snakes F 6
M 18
Birds FM 200
Otters FM 3Whale M 3
Porpoise F 1
Dolphin F 1
M 8
SpeciesAnimal groups Habitat
FF: Freshwater &: Freshwater & MM: Marine: Marine
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among theamong the molluscsmolluscs 10 are pearl10 are pearl--bearingbearing
bivalvesbivalves
among the turtle and tortoise 25 are edibleamong the turtle and tortoise 25 are edible
crabscrabs -- Scylla Scylla serrata serrata (Giant mud crab),(Giant mud crab),Portunus Portunus pelagics pelagics andand P.P. sanguinolentus sanguinolentus areare
commercially very importantcommercially very important
lobsterslobsters -- Panulirus Panulirus polyphagus polyphagus andand Scyllarus Scyllarus nearctus nearctus are abundantly available in theare abundantly available in the
waters of St. Martin Island andwaters of St. Martin Island and TeknafTeknaf andand
have a very high commercial valuehave a very high commercial value
7 species of squids and 2 species of7 species of squids and 2 species of cuttlecuttle fishfish
are also very importantare also very important
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fish biodiversity in Bangladeshfish biodiversity in Bangladesh
t h e m aj o r d o m i n an t f i sh g r o u p s ar e t h e m aj o r d o m i n an t f i sh g r o u p s ar e
1.1. Indian major carpsIndian major carps
2.2. Large catfishesLarge catfishes3.3. Minor carpsMinor carps
4.4. Small catfishesSmall catfishes
5.5. River shadsRiver shads6.6. Snake headsSnake heads
7.7. Freshwater eelsFreshwater eels
8.8. Feather backsFeather backs9.9. RaysRays
10.10. ParchesParches
11.11. LoachesLoaches12.12. AnchoviesAnchovies
13.13. GobiesGobies
14.14. Glass fishesGlass fishes15.15. MulletsMullets
16.16. Minnows and barbsMinnows and barbs
17.17. PompfratesPompfrates18.18. FloundersFlounders
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status of fish biodiversitystatus of fish biodiversitystatus of fish biodiversity
recent studies have shown that the number ofrecent studies have shown that the number offreshwater species have been gradually decliningfreshwater species have been gradually declining
some species have become locally extinctsome species have become locally extinct there was a greater reduction in diversity ofthere was a greater reduction in diversity of
migratory fishes than resident onesmigratory fishes than resident ones
about 12 fish species includingabout 12 fish species including mohasholemohashole,,
nandinanandina,, chengcheng,, gochigochi andand gozargozar are beingare being
considered as endangered/threatened due to theirconsidered as endangered/threatened due to their
gradual disappearance from the water bodiesgradual disappearance from the water bodies
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many fish species once abundant have nowmany fish species once abundant have nowbecome rare, such asbecome rare, such as --
Group Scientific name Local name Labeo gonius Gonia
Labeo nandina NandinaCirrhina reba Bata
Puntius sarana Sarputi
Tor tor Mohashol
Tor putitora Mohasher Pangasius pangasius Pangus
Mystus cavasisus Gulsa tengra
Batasio tengra Tengra
Ompok pabda Modhu pabda Ailia coilia Bashpata
Ompok bimaculatus Boli pabda
Ailichthys punctata Kajali
Carp
Catfish
Group Scientific name Local name Botia daryo Rani
Lepidocephalus guntea Gutum Macrognathus aculeatus Tara baim
Mastacembelus pancalus Chirka
Nandus nandus Meni/bheda
Badis badis Napit koiColisa fasciata Khalisa
Colisa lalius Lal khalisa
Chanda nama Lamba chanda
Chanda ranga Lal chandaMullet Rhinomugil corsula Khorolla
Loach
Spiny eel
Parch
Gauramy
Parchlet