Chapter

AP* Sixth Edition

World Civilizations The Global Experience

Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP* Sixth Edition Stearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert

5 Middle East & Africa to 1450s

Corresponds to Chapter 6,7,8 in book!

1. Middle East before Islam

Bedouins - Pastoral Nomads! -Herders and traders moving goods and animals across ME

-Political Ties - Clans = Family groups led by –Family leader - Shaykh

Clans = rivalries over best areas = constant fighting. -Women - greater freedoms. Needed for survival!

– Bedouin Religion - Animism - humans apart of nature = Polytheistic - Gods of night, shade, and trees!

2. Arabian Towns

– #1 MECCA - Capital all bedouins

– Ka’ba - shrine to all gods – Rich merchants-Umayyads-

profited off trade and travelers who came to shrine! $$$$$$$

– #2 MEDINA - Rival town of culture & trade north of Mecca. Muhammad from here.

3. Muhammad and IslamMuhammad of Mecca

-Upper Class merchant family….orphaned to live with bedouins…see rivalries, killing.

Mid-Life.... Angel Gabriel comes to him - Koran - basis of. There is one god!! Belief - Abraham, Jesus, Muhammad!

-begins teaching in Mecca to change Bedouin religion and culture - monotheism!

Begin ISLAM EMPIRE OF FAITH VIDEO

Unlike the figure Jesus that is depicted in churches, beliefs preach Muhammad’s human form is not to be pictured out of respect.

4. Muhammad’s RiseMuhammad’s Call for Change - Year 1 -”Mecca, we need change!!”

1. Cultural -Monotheism- One God 2. Political Clan Unity - called UMMA. Unity will bind bedouins & town in ME

versus

-Mecca Elite - Umayyads - Status Quo! “No changes, die!”

3 years of fighting Muhammad wins and transforms Meccan beliefs. Doesn’t destroy Umayyads! Call for uniting, come together….creates problems later!

5. 5 Beliefs

– 5 Pillars of Islam – 1. No God but Allah, Muhammad his prophet – 2. 5x Prayer - toward Mecca – 3. Fasting Ramadan – 4. Pilgrimage once to Mecca - Hajj – 5. Charity to the Poor

Activity - Family and Gender Roles in early Islam - 151. Read this section starting with….The prophet’s teachings..

6. The Islam Empire Spreads

State Building - Conquering- Quick! Spreads east and west along traditional bedouin routes…Arabs and Africans. Fueled by discontent among people & Arabian GOLD!!!!

Culture -Religious Spread - Slower! Over time many convert, but NOT quickly…Middle East and N Africa - Converts - Malawi…….watch Mankind Video!

Ali - Muhammad’s cousin has grown and is now an

experienced warrior

- Easy early….those close to Muhammad elected…but over time gets harder….

- All out war in 700s as these 2 groups battle over control

Family of Muhammad Rich & Wealthy desire elections they can control. $$$

Caliph - Leader of Faith & Empire! Elected? or Dynastic?

7. After Muhammed’s Death.....who

Family of Muhammad Rich & Wealthy desire elections they can control. $$$

Sunnis Election of leadership

Shia Line of Muhammad

8. Islamic SplitAli

Sunni Forces kill Ali, creates Umayyad Dynasty, but religious hatreds and divisions lasting until today!

9. Umayyad Dynasty Capitol - Damascus

Arab Centered

Big Expansion…. Justified expansion by saying they did it to convert others, but really for more taxes and control of trade routes

-+s - Political uniformity, advances in technology and trade, relative peace, huge $$$$ gains as they control routes and resources!

10. Abbasid Dynasty

Capitol - Baghdad

Persian Centered

-Growing dissent among fighters - “Why should I fight to get them richer”

-Warrior class + Shia battle and destroy Sunni Umayyads after about 100 years of rule after the Prophet.

“The Banquet” -Abbasids invite the defeated Umayyad’s to a banquet, “Hey, no hard feelings!!”

-Post-banquet dessert - Pg 153

11. Abbasid Dynasty - Good and Bad

Abbasid Changes - The Good

-Usher in unbelievable growth in TRADE & SCIENCE Astronomy, Engineering, Math, Medicine Baghdad - Center of World Learning…Baghdad is Harvard! House of Wisdom…science and faith working together.

Abbasid Changes - The Bad

-Female Decline in rights

-Rise of Slavery

-Indirect Rule….hire other groups to do their bidding….leads to downfall!

–….after 120-150 years • Ibn Khaldun - Page 168 • Rise and Fall of Empires

Activity

–From about 1000-onward for Abbasids….smaller in power, still very wealthy and center of knowledge

– Crusades - Minor blip on Islamic World – Mongols - Overthrow Abbasids in

1200s – Turks - Help push out Mongols….next

big Islamic Empire by 1400s!

Abbasids will rise, then fall.....

12. Africa to 1450

REVIEW….. Bantu South Africa - From Migrations

-Mix of pastoralism + agriculture

-expert iron making skills

-Common culture/appearance - language, skin color

Bedouin

Bantu

Bedouin North Africa - more like Middle Eastern-like, more likely to be Islam dominated.

Bedouin

Bantu

Dark Green shows us area with Arab Majorities…This will help us understand Africa and the people there better.

NE Africa - Ancient Axum and Kush -Cotton, cloth along Nile -Ironworking and trade along coasts -Strong sophisticated empires! -Christian Dominate! -King Lalibela - Christian Church builder Ethiopia/Kenya - popular Christian areas today.

AxumKush

Christianity is still the most popular religion in Ethiopia

Dark Green shows us area with Arab Majorities…This will help us understand Africa and the people there better.

West Africa - Ghana, Mali, Songhay Empires -Bedouin Trade in Sarahan Salt and Gold -Mixture of Arabs/Africans -Bedouin ties to trade….becomes Islamic dominate over time! -Recall Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca!

SonghayMali

Ghana

Southeast Africa- Swahili Coast— Means…Trader in Arabic -Huge trading zone -Indian Ocean Trade along Monsoon Trade Winds- -Trade - ivory, gold, & slaves -Mixture Arabs/Bantu Africans -More city-states along coasts, no empires

13. Islam in India• Muhammad of

Ghor - Islam to India 1200s

! forms Muslim State at Delhi

! popular among low caste Hindus

! India now split Islam and Hindu

! Many political and cultural clashes to come…..

Islam