apush unit 11 outline vus: 10,11, and 12 world war ii/cold war samuel cortes and michael bugas
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 11 Overview• World War II
– Rise of Fascism• Cold War
– Korean War– Cuban Missile Crisis– “Containment”– Vietnam War– Domino Theory
• Harry S. Truman- Fair Deal• Dwight D. Eisenhower• John F. Kennedy- New Frontier• LBJ- Great Society and Vietnam
World War II
• 1939 Germany invades Poland sparking WWII
• Blitzkrieg takes Europe by surprise
• Roosevelt and U.S. try to stay out of war
• Isolationist Policy
• Roosevelt establishes preventative measures in case of war– Lend Lease Act– Selective Service Act
• Axis Powers
U.S. entrance into WWII
• December 7, 1941- Japanese planes attack U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor
• This drags the U.S. into WWII against Germany, Italy, and Japan
U.S. Mobilization
• New Agencies Established– OSS (Office of Strategic
Services)– OWI (Office of War
Information)– NWLB (National War
Labor Board)
• All established to regulate wartime economy and keep home support of the war.
U.S. Mobilization Ctd.
• Economy shifted to provide resources to the army
• New workers such as women and other minorities were given wartime jobs
• Atomic bomb being developed by U.S. – “Manhattan Project”– Robert Openheimer
Women in Work
What a joke! haha
Home Front• At home the depression was
finally ended by availability of wartime jobs
• Japanese Americans interned for fear of conspiracy and racial leanings
• Korematsu vs. U.S. upheld this decision
• Race riots occurred in cities like Los Angeles and Detroit
• Labor Unrest troubled country during war
The War in Europe
• North Africa was reclaimed from the Germans by General Patton in the North Africa Campaign, provided stepping stone to Europe
• El Alamein• Soviets turned tide of war
with victories at Stalingrad and Leningrad in 1943
• Germans were reeling from defeat to Russia
• On June 6,1944 Allies invaded Europe on Normandy Coast
• Dwight D. Eisenhower• Battle of the Bulge• By April 1945 Germany
had fallen
Berlin taken by Soviet Forces
Soviet troops raise flag over Reichstag in Berlin
The War in Asia
• Shortly after Pearl Harbor, U.S. stopped Japanese offensive at battle of Midway, changed tide of war in the Pacific
• U.S. began “Island Hopping” strategy and slowly pushed back Japanese
• Iwo Jima• Okinawa
• Truman decided to drop Atomic bomb on Japan instead of invasion
• August 6, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
• August 9, 1945: Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
• August 15, 1945: Japan surrenders
Pre Cold War/Rebuilding Europe
• Conferences at Yalta and Potsdam set course for what was to be the Cold War
• Yalta: Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt
• Potsdam: Churchill, Stalin, and Truman
• Nuremberg War Trials convict Nazi leaders for crimes against humanity
The “Big Three” at Yalta
Pre Cold War/Rebuilding Europe
• Other organizations established such as IMF and GATT to provide financial aid to the war torn world.
• Provided nearly $13 billion over three years (1948-1951)
• Europe was divided into east and west once war had ended
• “Iron Curtain”• U.S. and USSR sole
superpowers• Marshall Plan hoped to
rebuild Europe and lessen the appeal of Communism to Western Europe
Rebuilding Europe
• World divides into two major treaty organizations
• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Members included U.S., Great Britain, and France
• Warsaw Pact• Members included
U.S.S.R. and other Soviet Bloc countries
Early Cold War
• Europe divided distinctly into East and West after war
• West-U.S. East- U.S.S.R.• U.N. established in 1945
to prevent future wars• Mass Retaliation: If we
get hit with nuke, we hit you with more nukes.
• U.S. instated a policy of containment
• Sought to contain Communism within present boundaries and not to let it expand
• Truman Doctrine: Mass Retaliation and Containment
Early Cold War Ctd.
• USSR established satellite nations in Eastern Europe as a defense against the West
• Domino Theory guides policy in Asia once China becomes Communist in 1949
• Mao Zedong
Tensions Ignite in Berlin
• Berlin Crisis- Soviets blockaded western Berlin
• Berlin Blockade 1948-1949
• This led to the Berlin Airlift in which supplies and food were dropped by Berlin into blocked zone
At Home
• 1948 Election- Truman wins and obtains second term as president
• Proposes his “Fair Deal” • Sought to continue New
Deal policies
Economy at Home• Conversion from a war-
time to peace time economy struck fears of new depression
• Labor struck down by Taft-Hartley Act
• High inflation and labor conflicts emerged
Red Scare
• Mass Hysteria that spread throughout the U.S. in the 1950’s out of fear of communist infiltration
• McCarthyism• Sen. Joseph McCarthy
led the “witch hunt” of communists
• HUAC• Much of Hollywood
considered “communist”
• Rosenberg spy cases• Alger Hiss
Korean War
• N. Korea invaded S. Korea in 1950
• U.N. sent in troops comprised mainly of U.S. soldiers
• War gave Truman bad name and cost him 1952 Election
Postwar Prosperity
• The postwar economic boom led to the prosperity of the 1950’s
• Television and Radio became staples
• New appliances and housing were affordable for returning soldiers
• GI Bill• Baby Boom
Eisenhower/1950’s
• Elected President in 1952
• Split in Democratic Party over Civil Rights
• Southern Democrats were called “Dixiecrats”
• Presided over prosperous era
• Suburbs
• Interstate Highway Act• Federal Housing
Administration• National Defense
Education Act• Rock and Roll emerged
along with Youth Culture
• “Teenager”• Elvis Presley
Cold War ctd.
• CIA and covert action operations all over the world
• Nikita Khrushchev takes control of USSR
• U-2 incident• John Foster Dulles• Brinkmanship- Policy of
taking things to brink to get more afterwards, used along with nuclear weapons
• French withdrawal from Indochina
• Dien Bien Phu• Geneva Conference• Ho Chi Minh takes over
Communist gov’t. in N. Vitenam
• “Military Industrial complex”
J.F.K.
• New Frontier• Won Election of 1960
due to better presentation on TV over Richard Nixon
• New Liberalism• More Social Programs• Assassinated in 1963
Cold War Policies
• Cuban Missile Crisis• Standoff between U.S.
and USSR• Bay of Pigs Invasion– Botched CIA plan to take
down communist gov’t. in Cuba
Lyndon Baines Johnson
• Becomes President after assassination of Kennedy
• Great Society• Continues welfare
spending and social projects to eliminate poverty
• Vietnam war diverts funds from these projects
Clouds of Vietnam Begin to Form
• Threat of Communist expansion in Indochina
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Viet Cong• LBJ takes us into war• My Lai• Tet Offensive
1.
• What was a major turning point in Europe in WWII– A.-Stalingrad– B.-Okinawa– C.-Tet Offensive– D.-Iwo Jima
2.
• Who’s policy at home was called the Great Society?– A.-Harry S. Truman– B.-Lyndon B. Johnson– C.-John F. Kennedy– D.-Dwight D. Eisenhower
3.
• Name the Cold War policy of keeping communism within its present boundaries– A.-Brinkmanship– B.-Domino Effect– C.-Containment– D.-Massive Retaliation
Media
• Saving Private Ryan• Good Night and Good
Luck• The Hunt for Red
October• Band of Brothers• Red Dawn