APUSH Content Review #1

Unit 1 (Colonies)

Unit 2 (American Revolution)

Colonial History Review

Jamestown survived as the first permanent British settlement in America because of

1. the emergence of tobacco as a cash crop

2. the mild climate of Virginia 3. its use of Indian slaves as a labor

force 4. the religious convictions of its first

settlers

The Pilgrims were also known as Separatists because they:

1. wanted to separate Plymouth from the Massachusetts Bay colony

2. believed in the complete separation of church and state

3. broke all ties with the Church of England

4. tried to isolate the Native Americans from white settlers

In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to

1. provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers

2. gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish Florida

3. provide a refuge for persecuted Christians from all parts of Europe

4. provide a refuge for English debtors

The Mayflower Compact could best be described as

1. a detailed frame of government 2. a complete constitution 3. a foundation for self-government 4. an list of the causes for leaving

England and coming to America

What was a proprietary colony?1. a colony like Virginia that was run

like a business 2. a colony like Pennsylvania that was

sponsored by a religious group3. a colony like Massachusetts that

was forced to acknowledge the king4. a colony like New Jersey that was

run as a privately owned estate

In the 17c, the Great Migration refers to the

1. settlement of the Puritans in Massachusetts and other colonies

2. immigration of Irish to the colonies3. expansion of white settlement

across the Appalachian Mountains 4. trade in slaves between West Africa

and the West Indies

The Virginia House of Burgesses and the New England town meetings were similar in that they

1. originated in a New England colony 2. were completely independent of

colonial governors 3. were both responsible to the

established church of the colony 4. represented colonial participation in

government

In the early 1600s, migrants to New England differed from those in the Chesapeake because

1. New England settlement was sponsored by individual proprietors

2. New Englanders immigrated in family groups

3. in the harsher climate of New England led to higher death tolls

4. New England immigrants tended to be motivated by a desire for wealth

The headright system adopted in Virginia

1. determined the eligibility of a settler for voting and holding office

2. toughened the laws applying to indentured servants

3. prohibited the settlement of single men and women in the colony

4. gave 50 acres to anyone who would transport an indentured servant to the colony

Which of the following was NOT involved in the colonial Triangular Trade network?

1. rum 2. slaves 3. cotton 4. tobacco

The theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which statements?:

1. economies prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible

2. colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country

3. it is vital that a country imports more than it exports

4. a government should direct the economy so as to maximize exports

The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

1. achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat

2. propose independence of the colonies from Britain

3. declare war on the Iroquois nation 4. prohibit New England and New York

from trading with the West Indies

Prior to 1763, the British policy of "salutary neglect“:

1. allowed royal colonies to elect their own governors

2. did not enforce the Navigation Acts 3. encouraged colonists to establish

their own parliament 4. withdrew British soldiers from North

America

Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by

1. the planter class of Virginia 2. young men frustrated by their

inability to acquire land 3. those protesting the increased

importation of African slaves 4. people from Jamestown only

What did the Great Awakening and inter-colonial trade have in common

1. they created disdain for England 2. they contributed to a growing sense

of shared American identity 3. they created a rebellious spirit in

America 4. they helped create imperial rivalry

between England and France

Voyages of European Exploration

Spanish French English

Purpose of Colonies/ Exploration

State Directed: Find W route to Asia Wealth (gold & silver) Religious conversion Expand the Spanish Empire

State Directed: Find NW passage to Asia Establish wealth (fur trade) Expand the French Empire

Individually Directed: Religious tolerance;

Religious purity Establish wealth (cash

crops); Avoid poverty Escape turmoil or jail

Geographic Region Colonized/ Explored

Central America, South America, present-day Mexico, Florida, SW North America

Canada, New Orleans, Haiti, northern Mississippi River region

Eastern coast of North America along Atlantic Ocean, Hudson Bay, & the Caribbean

Contacts &

Interactions with Native Americans

Some trade; mostly conquest: Taino, Aztecs, Incas,

SE & SW Indians Disease spread Intermarriage

Significant trade partners with Eastern Woodlands Indians

“Frontier of exclusion” Clash with Eastern Woodlands Indians (Powhattan) Assisted whites: Squanto in NE Pocahontas in Jamestown

Labor Systems

Native slave labor African slave labor in South

America & Caribbean Islands

Encomienda (Plantations)

Settlers did the work of hunting for pelts (coureur des bois)

Slave labor used in Haiti

Chesapeake: Yeoman farmers Indentured Servitude African Slavery

New England: Families/Yeoman

Loose or Strict Control by Mother

Country Strict control Strict control

Loose control (Salutary Neglect)

Degree of “Success” of Colonization/

Exploration

Gained great wealth from exploration, but failed to establish lasting colonies (which was never the goal)

Gained some wealth from Canada but never control a continuous colony down the Mississippi river; New Orleans excellent trade port

Some wealth from tobacco plantations; Success lies in permanence of colonies in America

Voyages of European Exploration

Chesapeake New England Middle Southern

Identify the Colonies

Virginia (Jamestown) Maryland

Plymouth Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Others

New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware

North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Initial Purpose

Joint-Stock Co to gain wealth for settlers & investors

Religious communities for persecuted Pilgrims & Puritans

Holy Experiment, Quakers

Proprietary (PA, NY)

Buffer between Spain & English colonies (GA)

Gain wealth

Economies & Labor Systems

Tobacco Lots of yeoman

farmers, Indentured servants, & slaves

Fishing, rum, ships Yeoman farming

villages with few slaves or servants

Intermediary shipping

Grain production Yeoman farmers

Plantations (rice, indigo)

Lots of yeomen servants, & slaves

Religion

Mostly Anglican settlers

Catholics (MD)

Puritans (Mass Bay)

Pilgrims (Plymouth)

Great diversity of religions

Quakers (NJ, PA)

Mostly Anglican settlers

Society

Short life expectancy

Individualistic Few women House of Burgesses

Congregationalist Self-sacrificed Families & schools Grandparents Town hall meetings

Very diverse “Holy Experiment”

(PA) failed Royal governors

Diverse society Barbados Slave

Code Royal governors

Important People

• John Smith• John Rolfe • Bacon & Berkeley

John Winthrop Roger Williams &

Anne Hutchinson

William Penn James of York

James Oglethorpe (GA)

Immigration Patterns

Headright system Young single males African slaves

Great Puritan Migration

Families

Diverse: Recruited from England, Ireland, Germany

English settlers African slaves Imprisoned debtors

North America

after 1763

America in 17501750 America in 17631763

“Salutary Neglect” ?

“Parliamentary Sovereignty” ?

“Virtual Representation” ?

American Revolution Review

Which was NOT a result of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)?

1. France lost Canada

2. England incurred high war costs

3. England gained Louisiana

4. England made a decision to reinvigorate the mercantile system

According to the Proclamation of 1763 1. colonial militiamen were required

to put down Pontiac's Rebellion 2. contact between colonials and

Indians was strictly forbidden 3. settlers were prohibited from

crossing the Appalachians 4. speculators could purchase land

from trans-Appalachian tribes

England passed the Stamp Act in 1765 to 1. punish Americans for protests to

the Sugar Act 2. raise money to reduce England's

national debt 3. allow for illegal search-and-

seizure of smugglers 4. allow Americans to settle the

Ohio River Valley

Thomas Paine's Common Sense:1. urged Americans to declare their

independence

2. was a call for the abolition of slavery

3. insisted that colonists be allowed to elect representatives to Parliament

4. criticized the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

The most important consequence of the Boston Tea Party was the

1. repeal of the tax on tea

2. failure of other colonies to support Boston's action

3. opening of negotiations between Britain and Massachusetts

4. enactment by Parliament of the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts

The British response to the American claim of “no taxation without representation” was 1. colonial assemblies would be

permitted to vote on all new taxes 2. taxes were used for internal

improvements in the colonies 3. members of Parliament represented

the interests of all British citizens 4. Parliament ended the majority of its

taxes on the colonies

During the 1760s and 1770s the most effective tactic in gaining the repeal of the

Stamp and Townshend Acts was 1. tarring & feathering British tax agents

2. sending petitions to the king and Parliament

3. boycotting British goods

4. destroying private property, such as tea, on which a tax to be levied

Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?

1. French military and financial assistance after Saratoga

2. the failure of Loyalists to participate in military action

3. a major American military victory at Valley Forge

4. the British failure to capture Philadelphia

What was the role of African-Americans in the American Revolution?

1. as the war dragged on, southern blacks were welcomed to enlist

2. Americans generally avoided arming blacks, but the British recruited slaves

3. though slaves, they rallied around the revolutionary ideas of freedom

4. Many slaves escaped and were welcomed in the North and Canada

Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution EXCEPT

1. the greatest navy and best-equipped army in the world

2. superior industrial resources

3. greater commitment to the conflict

4. a coherent structure of command

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated all of the following EXCEPT:

1. British recognition of American independence

2. boundaries of the USA to the Mississippi River

3. Americans allow British collection of prewar debts from colonists

4. Americans gained Florida from Spain

North America after the Treaty Treaty

of Paris, of Paris, 17831783

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