126

DB Environmental, Inc.

April 11, 2013

226

Credit:SFWMD

326

Start-up Area (2012)

HydraulicLoad (ac-ft)

P Mass (ton) P Conc. (ppb)

In Ret. % Ret. In Out % Red.

STA-1E 2004 5,100 648,000 153 104 68 173 57 67

STA-1W 1993/1999 6,700 3,257,000 759 529 70 171 51 70

STA-2 1999/2008 8,200 2,764,000 385 297 77 103 22 79

STA-3/4 2003 16,500 3,720,000 575 485 84 114 18 84

STA-5 1999/2008 6,100 1,227,000 376 234 62 225 93 59

STA-6 1997/2007 2,300 688,000 93 73 78 100 34 66

Total 45,000 12,300,000 2,300 1,700 73% 140 37 74%

Source: 2013 SFER Ch 5 Ivanoff et al. 2013

426

Outflow target:50 ppb

Flow-weighted mean

Burns and McDonnell 1994Walker 1995

526

Emergent vs. submerged vegetation

626

Emergent vs. submerged vegetation

Calcium-P reactions catalyzed by SAV; supported by STA water chemistry

726

Credit: 2012 SFER Ch 5 Ivanoff et al. 2012

826

HydraulicLoad (cm/d)

P Mass (ton) P Conc. (ppb)

In Ret. % Ret. In Out % Red.

STA-1E 1.40 12.7 10.5 83 (68) 109 21 80 (67)

STA-1W 1.21 18.9 16.0 85 (70) 143 22 85 (70)

STA-2 2.58 23.2 19.6 85 (77) 87 12 86 (79)

STA-3/4 1.36 40.0 32.7 82 (84) 109 19 82 (84)

STA-5 0.65 10.1 8.3 82 (62) 156 32 79 (59)

STA-6 1.70 2.9 2.0 69 (78) 125 75 40 (66)

Total 1.43 108 89 82% 111 19 83%

2013 SFER Ch 5 Ivanoff et al. 2013

HydraulicLoad (cm/d)

P Mass (ton) P Conc. (ppb)

In Ret. % Ret. In Out % Red.

STA-1E 1.40 12.7 10.5 83 (68) 109 21 80 (67)

STA-1W 1.21 18.9 16.0 85 (70) 143 22 85 (70)

STA-2 2.58 23.2 19.6 85 (77) 87 12 86 (79)

STA-3/4 1.36 40.0 32.7 82 (84) 109 19 82 (84)

STA-5 0.65 10.1 8.3 82 (62) 156 32 79 (59)

STA-6 1.70 2.9 2.0 69 (78) 125 75 40 (66)

Total 1.43 108 89 82% 111 19 83%

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WQBEL

Maximum annual TP FWM: 19 ppb

Annual TP FWM not to exceed 13 ppb in more than 3 out of 5 years (rolling)

Source: NPDES Permit FL0778451 (10 Sept 2012)

“The STAs are not predicted to achieve the WQBEL without additional corrective actions.” Source: Consent Order 12-1148 (15 Aug 2012)

1026

Infrastructure build-out: tens of thousands of acres new STAs

Science plan to “identify factors that collectively influence phosphorus reduction”:1. FEB design/operation optimization2. Control internal phosphorus loading3. Enhance “vegetation-based treatment” in STAs4. Manage biogeochemical & physical mechanisms5. Operational and design refinements6. Influence of wildlife and fisheries

Consent Order 12-1148 (15 Aug 2012)Lindstrom, 2013

Infrastructure build-out: tens of thousands of acres new STAs

Science plan to “identify factors that collectively influence phosphorus reduction”:1. FEB design/operation optimization2. Control internal phosphorus loading3. Enhance “vegetation-based treatment” in STAs4. Manage biogeochemical & physical mechanisms5. Operational and design refinements6. Influence of wildlife and fisheries

1126

Pietro, 2012

1226

Flow-way 1Flow-way 1

Flow-way 2Flow-way 2Flow-way 3

Flow-way 3Flow-way 4Flow-way 4

Flow-way 5Flow-way 5

1326

Juston and DeBusk, 2011

~16

1426

CommunityTypeHealthSustainability

“Master factors”

Chara STA‐3/4 Chara STA‐3/4

1526

Hydrilla Najas

Chara Potamogeton

1626

1726

October 13, 2005

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Inflow A B C D E F G H I Outflow

TP (µ

g/L)

November 3, 2005

020406080

100120140160180200

Inf low A B C D E F G H I Outflow

TP (µ

g/L)

Health and Sustainability

1826

Back-end technologies: PSTA

Credit: S. Lee floridacoastaleverglades.blogspot.comCredit: S. Lee floridacoastaleverglades.blogspot.com

1926

Cell 3ACell 3A Cell 2ACell 2A Cell 1ACell 1A

Cell 1BCell 1BCell 2BCell 2B

Cell 3BCell 3B

2026

Source: Ivanoff, 2012Source: Ivanoff, 2012

Pilot-scale test cell

2126

Pilot-scale test cell

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Inflow B E G I  L Outflow

Enzyme Hy

drolysis Ra

te(µM M

UF released

/hr)

7/11/12: Low Flow 

0

5

10

15

20

25

Inflow B E G I L Ouflow

TP (µ

g/L)

7/12/2012: Low Flow

2226

Microcosm experiments

2326

STA performance is good, but not yet good enough

Historically, applied research has improved the performance of the STAs

Current research suggests that back-end communities/technologies will control overall STA success

SFWMD Science Plan to direct research as we advance to WQBEL compliance

2426

Thank you.Questions?

Redwing blackbird nestSTA‐3/4

2526

Burns and McDonnell, Inc. 1994. Everglades Protection Project, Conceptual Design. Report to SFWMD, West Palm Beach, FL.

Ivanoff, D. 2013. Periphyton Stormwater Treatment Area (PSTA) and Phosphorus Mesocosm Research Studies. 10th Annual Public Meeting on the Long Term Plan for Achieving Water Quality Goals for Everglades Protection Area Tributary Basins, Feb 12, 2013. SFWMD, West Palm Beach, FL.

Ivanoff, D., H. Chen and L. Gerry. 2012. Chapter 5: Performance and Optimization of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas. In South Florida Environmental Report, SFWMD, West Palm Beach, FL.

Ivanoff, D., K. Pietro, H. Chen and L. Gerry. 2013. Chapter 5: Performance and Optimization of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas. In South Florida Environmental Report, SFWMD, West Palm Beach, FL.

Lindstrom, L. 2013. Restoration Strategies: Science Plan Development Update. 10th Annual Public Meeting on the Long Term Plan for Achieving Water Quality Goals for Everglades Protection Area Tributary Basins, Feb 12, 2013. SFWMD, West Palm Beach, FL.

Juston, J. M. and T. A. DeBusk. 2011). Evidence and implications of the background phosphorus concentration of submerged aquatic vegetation wetlands in Stormwater Treatment Areas for Everglades restoration. Water Resour. Res. 47:W01511.

Pietro, K. 2012. Synopsis of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas, Water Year 1996-2012. Technical Publication ASB-WQTT-12-001. SFWMD, West Palm Beach, FL.

Walker, W.W. 1995. Design basis for Everglades stormwater treatment areas. Wat. Res. Bull. 31:671-685.

NPDES Documentation (including permit and consent order) available at: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/wqssp/everglades/ecp-sta.htm