approved by dc-e uscg auxa, inc 1 boating skills & seamanship lesson 11 lines & knots for...
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Approved by DC-E USCG AuxA, Inc 1
Boating Skills & Boating Skills & SeamanshipSeamanship
Boating Skills & Boating Skills & SeamanshipSeamanship
Lesson 11Lines & Knots for Your
Boat
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Lesson ObjectivesLesson Objectives
• Materials used in making rope
• Use, selection and care
• How to store rope
• About rope/line hardware
• Useful knots
• How to secure the boat’s line
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Marlinspike SeamanshipMarlinspike Seamanship
• Art of handling & working all kinds of fiber, synthetic & wire rope
• Includes– Knotting, splicing, worming, parceling,
serving & fancy work
• What to a landlubber is - ROPE
• To a seaman is - LINE
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Type of LineType of Line
• Natural– Manila, Sisal– Shrink when wet and rot when dry– Weaker size for size than synthetics
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Type of Line (cont’d)Type of Line (cont’d)
• Synthetics– Nylon– Strongest size for size of synthetic– Stretches most, resists chafing– Does not shrink when wet– Good for dock lines, towing and anchoring
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LineLine
• Natural fiber– Manila, Sisal, Hemp, Jute, Cotton, Flax
• Synthetic– Nylon, Polyester (Dacron), Polypropylene
• Wire Rope– Steel strands
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Natural Fiber LineNatural Fiber Line
• Best is Manila– Has strength, durability & minimal stretch
• Sisal is cheaper, but inferior
• Disadvantages– Shrink when wet– Rot if stowed wet– Size for size, weaker than synthetic
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Synthetic LineSynthetic Line
• General - good wet/dry strength, resists water, mildew & rot
• Nylon - strongest, resists chafe, has most stretch, good for anchor and mooring
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Synthetic Line (cont’d)Synthetic Line (cont’d)
• Polyester - costs more than nylon, easier & smoother to handle, use anytime, no stretch
• Polypropylene - floats, costs less, deteriorates in sunlight, hard, slips on cleats, cuts
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Manufacture of LineManufacture of Line
• Laid– Right laid– Left laid
• Braided– Single braided– Double braided
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Kinds of RopeKinds of Rope
Braid
Twist
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Composition of Right Laid Line
Composition of Right Laid Line
fibers
yamsstrands
rope
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Double Braided LineDouble Braided Line
core
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Wire RopeWire Rope
• Maximum STRENGTH
• Minimum STRETCH
• Used mostly on sailboats for standing and running rigging
• Used on davits
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Yachting RopesYachting Ropes
Diameter
1/4”3/8”1/2”5/8”3/4”7/8”1”
1-1/8”
(lbs)weight
Per 100ft
1.73.56.6
10.515.020.527.034.5
(lbs)BreakingStrength
1,7503,2006,600
10,20013,50018,50024,00032,000
(lbs)Weight
Per 100ft
2.24.57.6
12.419.323.531.340.4
(lbs)BreakingStrength
1,3002,8504,9007,800
10,78014,00017,50023,500
(lbs)Weight
Per 100 ft.
2.04.06.113.116.322.026.535.2
(lbs)BreakingStrength
6001,3502,6504,4005,4007,7009,000
12,000
WEIGHT AND STRENGTH COMPARISONNYLON DACRON MANILASIZE
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“Ends” of Line“Ends” of Line
• Ends need to be protected from fraying & unlaying
• Ends can be– Whipped with thread/small stuff– Taped with waterproof tape– Dipped in plastic liquid– Melted with heat/flame
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Temporary WhippedTemporary Whipped
start finish Pull & cut
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Making Up LinesMaking Up Lines
• Faking– Laying out line in figure eights so it is free
to run without tangles
• Flemishing– Neat, ornamental way to store line on deck
• Coiling– Proper way to put line away in a locker or
compartment
CoilingFakingFlemishing
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10076
70-6570-6570-65
60605545
95-908785
splices
knots
Losing Strength in RopeLosing Strength in RopeNo knots or splicesAnchor or Fisherman’s bendTimber hitchRound turnTwo Half-hitchesBowlineClove hitchSheet bend or Weaver’s knotSquare or Reef knotEye spliceLong spliceShort splice
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Parts of a LineParts of a Line
Working End
Standing Part
Bitter End
Overhand Loop
Underhand Loop
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Round TurnRound Turn
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Basic Mariner’s Knots & Bends
Basic Mariner’s Knots & Bends
• Figure 8• Square Knot• Clove Hitch• Sheet of Becket Bend• Anchor Bend• Timber Hitch• Bowline• Half Hitches• Rolling Hitch
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Figure 8Figure 8
• The Stopper Knot
• It can be untied after being jammed
• Used on all lines on sailboat except spinnaker sheets
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Square KnotSquare Knot
• Reef Knot - Alternate name– Used to secure reefed sail to boom– Fasten two lines of equal size– Difficult to untie if jammed
• To tie– Right over left, then– Left over right
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Clove HitchClove Hitch
• Used to tie line to piling
• Knot will jam under load
• Difficult to untie if load cannot be relieved
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Sheet BendSheet Bend
• Becket Bend - alternate name
• Ties two unequal sized lines together
• Easy to untie after heavy strain
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Two Half HitchesTwo Half Hitches
• Used to tie a line to a Ring, Piling, Post or Grommet
• Easier to untie under tension and more permanent than a clove
hitch
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• To tie a line permanently to a piling
Round Turn with 2 Half Hitches
Round Turn with 2 Half Hitches
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Anchor or Fisherman’s Bend
Anchor or Fisherman’s Bend
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• To make a temporary loop
– The rabbit comes up through the hole
– Around the tree
– Then back down
into the hole
The BowlineThe Bowline
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• The King of Knots
• Easy to untie
• Tie Jib sheets to Clew of Jib
• Tie lines to fittings
• Tie lines of equal or unequal size together
• Tie a rode to an anchor
The BowlineThe Bowline
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BowlineBowline
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Timber HitchTimber Hitch
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Rolling HitchRolling Hitch
Around once
Around again, cross over first turn passing between the first turn and the standing part of its own line
Tie a half hitch
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Cleats and ChocksCleats and Chocks
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Mooring CleatMooring Cleat
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Belaying to a CleatBelaying to a Cleat
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Jam CleatJam Cleat
Working End
Standing Part
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Lark’s HeadLark’s Head
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Cam CleatCam Cleat
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• Used to protect boat and line
ChockChock
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• Use “through bolts” and backing block
Securing CleatsSecuring Cleats
Backing Block
Deck
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Securing LinesSecuring Lines
Samson Post
Bow Bitts
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• Other boat’s eye on piling
• Your eye can be removed or put on without disturbing the other boat’s line
Dipping the EyeDipping the Eye
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TurnbuckleTurnbuckle
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• On a vessel, pulleys are called blocks
BlocksBlocks
ShellPin
shackle
Outer Strap
Inner Strap
Sheaves
Thimble
Becket
Cheek
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Double Sheave BlockDouble Sheave Block
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ThimbleThimble
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Special LinesSpecial Lines
• Lead Line
• Measures Depth of Water
• Weighted with a lead weight
• (Hollow end for bottom sample)
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• Stern line
• Bow line
• Breast line
• Spring line
Dock LinesDock Lines
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• Spring line
• Bow/Stern lines
Dock LinesDock Lines
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FendersFenders
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• Natural fiber vs. Synthetic line
• Laid vs. Braided line
• Coiling, Faking, Flemishing
• Knots, Bends, Hitches
• Splices
• Securing lines
• Dipping the Line
SummarySummary