approaches to personality how do psychologists explain why we are the way we are?
TRANSCRIPT
Approaches to personality How do psychologists explain why we are the way we are?
Summary Assumptions Psychologists MethodsCharacterized by
unconscious processes; childhood experiences
very important
Most important aspects of personality are
unconscious.
Sigmund FreudCarl Jung
Alfred Adler Karen Horneye
a case study; projective tests
Summary Assumptions Psychologists MethodsPersonality grows out of
desire to grow & self-actualize; Can be
undermined by social pressure
Human nature is basically good. If we
know who we are and what we want, we can be happy & healthy.
Carl RogersAbraham Maslow
a case study
Summary Assumptions Psychologists MethodsPersonality is
characterized by 5 general traits that people use to describe themselves &
others.
Traits are relatively stable over time
Gordon AllportMyers-BriggsHans Eysenck
survey; personality inventories
Summary Assumptions Psychologists Methods
Personality is the pattern that characterizes a person’s
interactions with the situations s/he encounters in
life.
Behavior changes across situations. To understand
personality, we must understand situations.
Albert Bandurasurvey; observation;
experimentation
Summary Assumptions Psychologists Methods
Personality characteristics reflect underlying biological
processes- brain, neurotransmitters, & genes
Biological differences among individuals can explain differences in
personality.
Hans Eysenckbrain imaging, twin studies; molecular
genetic studies
Perspectives SummaryAssumptio
nsPsychologi
stsMethods
Psychodynamic
Characterized by unconscious
processes; childhood experiences very
important
Most important aspects of
personality are unconscious.
Sigmund FreudCarl Jung
Alfred Adler Karen Horneye
a case study; projective tests
Humanistic
Personality grows out of desire to grow &
self-actualize; Can be undermined by social
pressure
Human nature is basically good. If we know who we are and what we want, we can be
happy & healthy.
Carl RogersAbraham Maslow
a case study
Trait
Personality is characterized by 5 general traits that
people use to describe themselves
& others.
Traits are relatively stable
over time
Gordon AllportMyers-BriggsHans Eysenck
survey; personality inventories
Social Cognitive
Personality is the pattern that
characterizes a person’s interactions with the situations s/he encounters in
life.
Behavior changes across situations.
To understand personality, we
must understand situations.
Albert Bandurasurvey;
observation; experimentation
Biological
Personality characteristics reflect underlying biological
processes- brain, neurotransmitters, &
genes
Biological differences among
individuals can explain differences
in personality.
brain imaging, twin studies;
molecular genetic studies