approach to patients with faintness, syncope and orthostatic intolerance yehonatan sharabi, md, faha...

63
Approach to Patients with Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Aviv University

Upload: felix-robinson

Post on 31-Dec-2015

229 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Approach to Patients with Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic IntoleranceOrthostatic Intolerance

Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHAFAHA

Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler

School of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversitySchool of Medicine, Tel Aviv University

Page 2: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

7575 שקלים ו שקלים ו 1818 דקות, דקות, 4545ב ב א"ג נדבר על:א"ג נדבר על:

היבטים רלוונטיים של מערכת העצבים היבטים רלוונטיים של מערכת העצביםהאוטונומיתהאוטונומית

פתולוגיה של בקרת לחץ הדםפתולוגיה של בקרת לחץ הדםמערך המעבדה האוטונומית הקליניתמערך המעבדה האוטונומית הקלינית תהליך הבדיקה תהליך הבדיקהאבחנותאבחנותהשלכות טיפוליותהשלכות טיפוליות

Page 3: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

The Autonomic Nervous System

ANS

PNS SNS

ACh NE

?

AHS

EPI

Page 4: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

The Autonomic Nervous System

ANS

PNS SNS

ACh NE

Sweat

AHS

EPI

Page 5: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

קליניקה של דיסאוטונומיהקליניקה של דיסאוטונומיה

קושי שמירה על ההומאוסטזה של לחץ דםקושי שמירה על ההומאוסטזה של לחץ דם :ביטויים: ביטויים

מאורעות עילפון חוזריםמאורעות עילפון חוזרים–תת ל"ד תנוחתיתת ל"ד תנוחתי–ל"ד לביליל"ד לבילי–מאורעות עילפוןמאורעות עילפון–קושי בעמידה ממושכתקושי בעמידה ממושכת–כאבי ראש, הזעה, פלפיטציותכאבי ראש, הזעה, פלפיטציות–

אופי קבוע או התקפיאופי קבוע או התקפי

Page 6: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

The Dysautonomias Universe

PEDIATRIC

ADULT

GERIATRIC

Menkes

DBH Defic.LAAD Defic.PKU

DHPR Defic.

TH Defic.

DDD

DISEASES OF AUTONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

FD

Page 7: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

The Dysautonomias Universe

PEDIATRIC

ADULT

GERIATRIC

Menkes

DBH Defic.LAAD Defic.PKU

DHPR Defic.

TH Defic.

DDD

Syncope

POTS

Chr. FatigueHypercatecholaminergicHypertension

Pheo

Baro.Failure

DISEASES OF AUTONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

FD

AUTONOMIC SYSTEM MALFUNCTION

Page 8: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

The Dysautonomias Universe

Park+SNF

MSA+SNF

PAF

PEDIATRIC

ADULT

GERIATRIC

Menkes

DBH Defic.LAAD Defic.PKU

DHPR Defic.

TH Defic.

DDD

Syncope

POTS

Chr. FatigueHypercatecholaminergicHypertension

Pheo

Baro.Failure

DISEASES OF AUTONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

FD

AUTONOMIC SYSTEM MALFUNCTION

AUTONOMIC SYSTEM FAILURE

Page 9: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

האמצעים במעבדההאמצעים במעבדה

Page 10: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Beat to beat BP monitorBeat to beat BP monitor– FinapressFinapress– Colin 7000Colin 7000

ECGECG Pressure transducerPressure transducer Forearm blood flow (Hokanson)Forearm blood flow (Hokanson) Plasma CA measurements (HPLC)Plasma CA measurements (HPLC)

Page 11: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

תהליך הבדיקה הבסיסיתתהליך הבדיקה הבסיסית

החדרת צנתר ורידי ומנוחה במאוזן על שולחן החדרת צנתר ורידי ומנוחה במאוזן על שולחןTILTTILTחיבור מכשירי הניטורחיבור מכשירי הניטורשינויי דופק לנשימה עמוקהשינויי דופק לנשימה עמוקהואלזאלווהואלזאלווהמבחן קור על פי הצורךמבחן קור על פי הצורךמדידת זרימת דם באמה בשכיבהמדידת זרימת דם באמה בשכיבהדגימת דם לקטכולאמינים במנוחהדגימת דם לקטכולאמינים במנוחה העמדת הנבדק ומדידת תגובת לחץ הדם, דופק, זרימת העמדת הנבדק ומדידת תגובת לחץ הדם, דופק, זרימת

דם וקטכולאמינים לשינויי התנוחהדם וקטכולאמינים לשינויי התנוחה

Page 12: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

HR changes to deep HR changes to deep breathingbreathing

Age and gender determinedAge and gender determined Range between 7-19 bpmRange between 7-19 bpm Reflects parasympathetic outflowReflects parasympathetic outflow

Page 13: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

AK, 31 y/oAK, 31 y/orec syncope, post rec syncope, post efforteffort

Respiratory HRV

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (sec)

Page 14: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Power spectral analysis of Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability: heart rate variability: change with respirationchange with respiration

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

BL Resp

LFHF

Page 15: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

ValsalvaValsalva

תגובה סימפתטית תגובה סימפתטיתלשינוי לחץ הדםלשינוי לחץ הדם

הערכה כמותית של הערכה כמותית שלתגובתיות הברורפלקס תגובתיות הברורפלקס

לשינוי לחץ הדם.לשינוי לחץ הדם.

Page 16: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

BP

Neurocardiogenic Syncope Pure Autonomic Failure

V als alv a

HR

II_L IV II_L IV

Sympathetic Neurocirculatory FailurePersistent orthostatic hyp oten sionAbnormal Phase II_L and d

V als alv a

Page 17: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Valsa lva

PAF

Park + SNF

MSA + SNF

Goldstein & Tack, Clin Auton Res 2000;10:285-291.

Valsalva Maneuver inChronic Autonomic Failure

Page 18: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Pre-Ganglionic

Post-Ganglionic

MSA PD & PAF

Page 19: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

NH

FDA

Normal PAF MSA+SNF Park+SNF

PET Scanning in Autonomic Failure

Goldstein et al., N Engl J Med 1997;336:696-702.

313

18

Page 20: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Ganglion blockade?Ganglion blockade?Sympathetic Sympathetic activation?activation?

TrimethaphanTrimethaphan

YohimbineYohimbine

Page 21: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

8 0

1 0 0

12 0

14 0

16 0

18 0

Tr im et ha ph an i .v .

6 0

8 0

10 0

1 2 0

14 0

16 0

18 0

Tr im e th ap ha n i .v .

Yohimbin e i. v.

5 0

2 00

10 0

15 0

80

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

Yohimbine i.v .

BloodPressure(mm Hg)

BloodPressure(mm Hg)

Park+SNFMSA+SNF

250

Yohimbine & Trimethaphan

BloodPressure(mm Hg)

BloodPressure(mm Hg)

Page 22: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

PD MSA PAF PD MSA PAF

Systo

lic B

lood

Pre

ssu

re C

han

ge

Page 23: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

QSART

From Sp inal Cord T o Sp inal Co rd

Sweat(Direct

Stimulation)

Post-Ganglionic Neuron

Iont ophoresis

Sweat(Axon Reflex)

Ganglion

Page 24: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000p<0.001

Normal PD+NOH

SEPTALRADIOACTIVITY(nC-kg/cc-mCi)

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

p<0.001

0Normal PD+NOH

PLASMANE

PERCENTINCREASE

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0

ns

Normal PD+NOH

SWEATPRODUCTION

(µL/10 min)

Cholinergic vs. Noradrenergic Lesion

SYMPATHETICCHOLINERGIC

NORMAL

SYMPATHETICNORADRENRGIC

ABNORMAL

SYMPATHETICNORADRENRGIC

ABNORMAL

Page 25: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

BaroreflexBaroreflex::

Carotid body

SNSPSNSIX

nucleus tractus solitarii

Page 26: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 27: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 28: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

ABPM dataABPM data

.

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

2 5 0

1 0 0

2 0 0

1 5 0

5 0

6 0

BP

(mm

Hg

)H

R (b

pm)

Patient 3Patient 2Patient 1Control

0

4 0

Page 29: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

NorepinephrineNorepinephrine::

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Sup Up Sup Up Sup Up

Normal range

Patient 1 Patient 3Patient 2

Page 30: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Nitroglycerine testNitroglycerine test::

Nitroglycerine

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

HR

BP

Page 31: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Phenylephrine testPhenylephrine test

Phenylephrine

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

HR

BP

Page 32: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Cold pressor testCold pressor test::

40

80

120

160

200

240

BL Cold BL Cold BL Cold

SBP DBP HR

Patient 1 Patient 3Patient 2

Page 33: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance

Chronic FatigueSyndrome

NeurocardiogenicSyncopePOTS

Baroreflex Failure

Page 34: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Clinical CharacteristicsPOTS

N=20Syncope

N=21

Orthostatic Intolerance 20 16

21Presyncope 16

Syncope 9 15

Chr. Fatigue 17 12

Heat Intol. 9 7

Childhood Syncope 5 5

Fibromyalgia 6 6

Mean Age 36 35Female:Male 17:3 16:5

Headache 10 12

Chest Pain 9 7

Depression 6 7

Page 35: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Disorders of blood volumeDisorders of blood volume

Decreased blood volume Decreased blood volume (adrenal insufficiency, acute (adrenal insufficiency, acute blood loss, etc.)blood loss, etc.)

SituationalSituational1.1. CoughCough

2.2. DefecationDefecation

3.3. ValsalvaValsalva

Page 36: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Cardiovascular disordersCardiovascular disorders

Cardiac arrhythmias Cardiac arrhythmias – Bradyarrhythmias : Sinus bradycardia, Bradyarrhythmias : Sinus bradycardia,

sinoatrial block, sinus arrest, sick-sinus sinoatrial block, sinus arrest, sick-sinus syndromesyndrome

– Atrioventricular blockAtrioventricular block– Tachyarrhythmias: SVT, AF etc. Tachyarrhythmias: SVT, AF etc.

Other cardiopulmonary etiologiesOther cardiopulmonary etiologies– Pulmonary embolismPulmonary embolism– Structural cardiac outflow obstruction Structural cardiac outflow obstruction – Decreased cardiac filling/emptyingDecreased cardiac filling/emptying

Page 37: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Neurogenic diseasesNeurogenic diseases Seizures Seizures Vertebrobasilar insufficiency Vertebrobasilar insufficiency HypoglycemiaHypoglycemia Psychogenic: Psychogenic:

– Anxiety attacks (diminished carbon Anxiety attacks (diminished carbon dioxide due to hyperventilation)dioxide due to hyperventilation)

– Hysterical fainting (conversion Hysterical fainting (conversion reaction)reaction)

Page 38: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Clinical features Clinical features suggestive of specific suggestive of specific causes of syncopecauses of syncope   NeurallyNeurally--mediated syncopemediated syncope

– Absence of cardiac diseaseAbsence of cardiac disease– Long history of syncopeLong history of syncope– After sudden unexpected unpleasant sight, After sudden unexpected unpleasant sight,

sound, smell or painsound, smell or pain••– Prolonged standing or crowded, hot placesProlonged standing or crowded, hot places– Nausea, vomiting associated with syncopeNausea, vomiting associated with syncope– During or in the absorptive state after a During or in the absorptive state after a

mealmeal– With head rotation, pressure on carotid With head rotation, pressure on carotid

sinus sinus ((as in shaving, tight collarsas in shaving, tight collars)•)•– After exertionAfter exertion

Page 39: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Syncope caused by orthostatic Syncope caused by orthostatic hypotensionhypotension– After standing upAfter standing up• • – Temporal relationship with start of medication Temporal relationship with start of medication

leading to hypotension or changes of dosageleading to hypotension or changes of dosage– Presence of autonomic neuropathy or parkinsonismPresence of autonomic neuropathy or parkinsonism

Cardiac syncopeCardiac syncope– Presence of severe structural heart diseasePresence of severe structural heart disease• •

During exertion, or supineDuring exertion, or supine– Preceded by palpitation or accompanied by chest Preceded by palpitation or accompanied by chest

painpain• • Family history of sudden deathFamily history of sudden death

Page 40: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 41: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 42: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 43: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 44: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 45: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Negative

TILT ISO

806040200-20-400.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0EPI:NEMAPHRFVR

TIME FROM TILT START )minutes(

FRA CTION OFBASELINE

Page 46: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Pure Autonomic Failure10/18/00

FRACTION OFBASELINE

EPI:NEMAPHRFVR

TILT

302520151050-50.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Page 47: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Sympathoadrenal Sympathoadrenal ImbalanceImbalance

Page 48: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

1050-5-10-15-20-25-30-35-400

1

2

3

4

5

6

7EPI:NEMAPHRFVR

TIME FROM TILT START (minutes)

Syncope11/30/00

TILT

FRACTION OFBASELINE

Page 49: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

EPI:NEMAPHRFVR

Syncope8/31/00

TILT

FRACTION OFBASELINE

20151050-5-10-15-20.01

.1

1

10

100

TIME FROM TILT START (minutes)

Page 50: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 51: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 52: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Syncope11/30/00

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

60

80

100

120

140

HEART RATE(bpm)

BLOOD PRESSURE(mm Hg)

TILT

TIME (minutes)

0 1 2 3

Page 53: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

POTS + Syncope1/16/01

TILT

FRACTION OFBASELINE

20151050-5-10-15-20-25.1

1

10

MAPHRFVR

EPI:NE

TIME FROM TILT START (minutes)

Page 54: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

SyncopeSyncope

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650

Page 55: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
Page 56: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

TreatmentTreatment

ל לMSAMSA ,שם הפגיעה היא פרה-גנגליונית, , שם הפגיעה היא פרה-גנגליונית ,הטיפול האידאלי יהיה יוהימביןהטיפול האידאלי יהיה יוהימבין

ל לPDPD או או PAFPAF שם הפגיעה היא , שם הפגיעה היא ,פוסט-גנגליונית הטיפול האידאלי יהיה פוסט-גנגליונית הטיפול האידאלי יהיה

מידודריןמידודרין

Page 57: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

לכשל הברורפלקס הטיפול המומלץ הוא לכשל הברורפלקס הטיפול המומלץ הואקלונידין, ולעיתים יש צורך בתוספת של קלונידין, ולעיתים יש צורך בתוספת של

ARBARB

Page 58: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

3737 y/o female. y/o female. Post bilateral carotid bypass Post bilateral carotid bypass Headaches, diaphoresis, Headaches, diaphoresis, faintnessfaintness

Page 59: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

Post clonidine, Post clonidine, 0.075mg*30.075mg*3

Page 60: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

ל לSAISAI ,חוסמי ביטא לא סלקטיביים, – חוסמי ביטא לא סלקטיביים – ????SSRISSRIאלפא אגוניסטים, אלפא אגוניסטים,

ל לPOTSPOTS הגברת נפח נוזלי הגוף (שתייה – הגברת נפח נוזלי הגוף (שתייה – מרובה, מלח ואפילו פלורינף) ובמידת מרובה, מלח ואפילו פלורינף) ובמידת הצורך – חוסמי ביטא לא סלקטיביים.הצורך – חוסמי ביטא לא סלקטיביים.

Page 61: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

BB - Selective or nonBB - Selective or non??

Page 62: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

לסיכוםלסיכום

הערכה אינטגרטיבית דינאמית ומקיפה הערכה אינטגרטיבית דינאמית ומקיפהיכולה לאפיין ולמקם פגמים פיזיולוגיים.יכולה לאפיין ולמקם פגמים פיזיולוגיים.

האפיון חשוב הן לאבחון והן להתאמת האפיון חשוב הן לאבחון והן להתאמתטיפול בחולים עם כשל בבקרת לחץ הדם טיפול בחולים עם כשל בבקרת לחץ הדם

והסובלים ממאורעות עילפון, תת ל"ד והסובלים ממאורעות עילפון, תת ל"ד תנוחתי וקושי בעמידהתנוחתי וקושי בעמידה

Page 63: Approach to Patients with Faintness, Syncope and Orthostatic Intolerance Yehonatan Sharabi, MD, FAHA Hypertension unit, C. Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer

תודה!!!תודה!!!