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http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
EvergladesEvergladesLandscapeLandscape
ModelModel
Application of theEverglades Landscape Model
for Restoration Initiatives
C. FitzN. WangJ. Godin
A. MoralesY. Wu
F. Sklar
Everglades Division
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Everglades Landscape Model(ELM) Objectives
• Understand ecosystem dynamics at regional scale
• Develop predictions of landscape response to altered water &
nutrient management
• One tool to aid in Everglades restoration
Integrate hydrology, biology and nutrient cycling in spatially
explicit simulation
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Performance measures(web-enabled)
• Regional maps§ Multi- year summaries: TP,
periphyton, vegetation, ...§ Animations (annual or monthly)§ Difference maps
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
• Track inflows from S-8
• Monthly mean concentrations
• Distribution via overland andcanal flows
Example: tracer flow in surface water
INFLOW
For animation,see web site’s
Results section
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
§ Water quality
• TP concentration & load• LOK water tracer
§ Soils
• peat accretion• TP concentration
§ Periphyton
• biomass & community type• tissue TP concentration
§ Macrophytes
• biomass & community type• tissue TP concentration
Performance measures(web-enabled)
50 Kilometres
Many Gradie
nts/Indic
ator Regio
ns
Subregional summaries
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
0-2 km2-4 km
TamiamiTrail
Mean P Accumulation
0
10
20
30
40
50m
g/m
^2
pe
r y
ea
r
1995 Base 2050 Base Modwaters Alt120-2 km 2-4 km 0-2 km 2-4 km 0-2 km 2-4 km
Rainfall Loading
50 Kilometres
Example: P Accumulation in upper NESS
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Everglades"response"
Hydrology
Ecological interactions
SFWMM (&ELM) hydrology
Everglades"response"
HydrologyNutrients
+ ELM water quality
Periphyton
Macrophytes
Nutrients Hydrology
Soil
StandingDetritus
+ ELM ecology
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Landscape Pattern
EcologicalInteractions
Flows acrosspattern
Cypress
Wet Prairie
Sawgrass
Cattail
Slough
Canal
Legend
EcologicalInteractions
Periphyton
Macrophytes
Nutrients Hydrology
Soil
StandingDetritus
Periphyton
Macrophytes
Nutrients Hydrology
Soil
StandingDetritus
Spatial interactions
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
WestPalmBeach
Miami
SFWMM10.4 km2
ELM1.0 km2
ELM0.25 km2
Florida Bay
LakeOkeechobee
WCA2A
Model domains
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
N
50 Kilometres
1 556 Open Water
2 1705 Sawgrass plain3 802 Sawgrass ridge4 834 Sawgrass slough deep5 848 Sawgrass slough shallow6 982 Sawgrass marl prairie
7 518 Gramminoid mix 8 475 Wet prairie9 9 Slough w/ gramminoids10 26 Slough w/ non-gramminoids
11 157 Cattail (high density)12 43 Cattail (med density)13 35 Cattail (low density)
14 90 Muhly grass
15 58 Salt marsh
16 25 Hardwood-mixed17 861 Swamp forest18 477 Mangrove forest19 99 Buttonwood forest
20 290 Pineland savannah21 594 Cypress savanna
22 89 Brush23 95 Hardwood Scrub 24 59 Cypress scrub 25 489 Mangrove Scrub 26 121 ButtonWood Scrub
27 35 Brazilian Pepper 28 9 Melaleuca 29 13 Human Influence
HabitatCode
Area(km2) Description
ELM vegetation classes, ca. 1995
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
0
250
500
750
1000
50 Kilometres
mg P • kg-1 soil(0-10 cm depth)
Soil Total Phosphorus (ca.1995)
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
WCA1
WCA2
WCA3A
EvergladesAgricultural
Area
EvergladesNational
Park
Hi
25 km
LakeOkeechobee
N
S-10D
S-10CS-10A
S-7
S-10E
F0
U3
F1
F4F5
2-17
F3
F2
Water Conservation Area 2A
S-146S-145
S-144
S-38S-11C
S-11B
S-11A S-143
LowSoil Phosphorus
Concentration
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
a) NativePeri: 65 g C m-2
0c) MacBio: 1.1 kg C m-2
b) P SfWat: 100 ug L-1
a) b) c)
Periphyton, phosphorus,and macrophyte patterns
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Observed
0.002
Simulated
0.8
Interstitial P (mg L-1)
(ELM version 1.0)
Soil porewater P calibration
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Vegetation change calibration
Observed
Cattail 90+%Cattail 50+%Cattail 10+%Sawgrass etc.
} lumpedfor simulation
Simulated
1991
Observed
Simulated
1995(ELM version 1.0)
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Stage monitoring regions/points
50 Kilometres
NESRS3NESRS2
NESRS1
G1502
RUTZKE
EPSWNP207
NP67
THSO
NP201
G620NP205
NP34 NP33
NP206NP36
NP35NP44
NP38
3A-28
3A-4
3B-SE
3-71
3-763A-SW3A-S
3A-NE
3A-11
3A-2
3A-12 3A-3
3A-NW
1-7
1-9
1-8T
2A-159
2A-17
2A-300
2B-Y
ROTTSHOLG
HOL1
HOL2
SHARK
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Stage calibration examples (v.2.1)
NP-206 (East ENP)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Jan'80 Jan'81 Jan'82 Jan'83 Jan'84 Jan'85 Jan'86 Jan'87 Jan'88 Jan'89 Jan'90 Jan'91 Jan'92 Jan'93 Jan'94 Jan'95
Observed Land elev. ELM SFWMM
NP-36 (Shark Slough)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Jan'80 Jan'81 Jan'82 Jan'83 Jan'84 Jan'85 Jan'86 Jan'87 Jan'88 Jan'89 Jan'90 Jan'91 Jan'92 Jan'93 Jan'94 Jan'95
Jan'96
Jan'96
Observed Land elev. ELM SFWMM
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
NESRS1
EPP37
TSB
NP34 NP33
NP36
NP35
S31
3
S12-A-DS333
CA315
S9
S151
CA311L28I
CA38
C123SR84
CA34
CA36
S140 S144-6
CA32
S11A-C
G204-6
G155CA35
CA33
S10A-D
S5
L7L40
5
9 87 6
14
111312
15 16
S6
4
10
S332
S18C
S8 S150
LOX3-16
COOPER.
50 Kilometres
Surface water TP monitoring regions/points
S7
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Surface water TP calibration examples (v.2.1)S-11 A-C Mean
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan'80 Jan'81 Jan'82 Jan'83 Jan'84 Jan'85 Jan'86 Jan'87 Jan'88 Jan'89 Jan'90 Jan'91 Jan'92 Jan'93 Jan'94 Jan'95
S-11s observed S-11s simulated
Jan'96
S12 A-D Mean
Jan'80 Jan'81 Jan'82 Jan'83 Jan'84 Jan'85 Jan'86 Jan'87 Jan'88 Jan'89 Jan'90 Jan'91 Jan'92 Jan'93 Jan'94 Jan'95 Jan'96
S-12s observed S-12s simulated
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Project Alternative Evaluation:Hydrologic Considerations
• For each Alternative, SFWMM provides daily input data on
managed flows through water control structures
• ELM hydrology (overland, groundwater, canal flows, etc)
otherwise independent of SFWMM
• ELM uses SFWMM data on rainfall, topography, others
• Verify that ELM hydrology is consistent with SFWMM (stage,
hydroperiod, budgets)
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/elm/
Status
• Available NOW for evaluations of surface water quality throughoutthe Everglades
TP in surface water:
monthly, 1979-1995
• Finalizing calibration/refinement to evaluate other ecological(soils, periphyton, macrophytes) responses
For animation,see web site’s
Results section