application of synergistic technologies to achieve high levels of

1 © Ricardo plc 2010 October 2011

Application of Synergistic Technologies to Achieve High Levels of Gasoline Engine Downsizing David Boggs, Jason King Ricardo DEER 2011 Conference October 3rd 2011


Gasoline engine roadmap focus is on CO2 reduction through downsizing

Technology Roadmap for Light Duty Gasoline

2015 2010 2025 2020

Emissions

kW/l Reduce CO2 / Increase Power Density

95 g/km Tier 2 / LEV II Tier 3 / LEV III ?

Engine Concept

Lean NOx Trap, GPF TWC – Optimization Emission

Control

CAI, Deep Miller Cycle DI – Homogeneous & Stratified Charge Combustion

Air Handling

Engine Downsizing, Downspeeding

Source: Ricardo Analysis "

54.5 CAFE (mpg) 27.3 35.5 EU: 130g/km CO2

Boosted WOT EGR, e-Boost


Spray Guided Direct Injection combustion systems are foundational to all engine pathways

Suitable for aggressively downsized engine design

Low cost (solenoid injector)

Flex-fuel capability

Effective and durable stratified operation

Support CAI operation

Robust combustion at very high BMEP

Ideal requirements of GDI system


Stratified Boosted Engine Operation Achieves Ultra-Low Fuel Consumption

Combustion phasing at 18 bar BMEP

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5

CA

50 (d

eg A

TDC

)

Engine Speed (rpm/1000)

AGDI

SGDI

Optimum

Fuel consumption at 2500 rpm

200

220

240

260

280

300

0 2 4 6 8 10

BSF

C (g

/kW

h)

BMEP (bar)

Diesel

SGDI


SGDI combined with advanced boosting and knock mitigation technology enables extreme torque curve

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

BM

EP (b

ar)

Engine Speed (rpm)

λ=1 homogeneous boosted

Stratified boosted

Stratified NA

w/ knock mitigation λ=1 homogeneous advanced boost λ=1 electric assist

boosting


“HyBoost” features synergistic combination of downsizing , e-Boost, e-Turbine & iStop/Start

Downsized Gasoline Engine

Low Cost Energy Storage

E-Charger & E-Turbocompound

Downsized, highly boosted gasoline engine

High load factor

E-charger for improved transient response

High speed e-machine on turbocharger shaft

12V AGM Lead Acid battery

Supercapacitors

Micro-Hybrid 12+X e-machine

Turbocompound electricity to crankshaft


HyBoost offers comparable performance to current 2-L variant but with fuel economy of a strong hybrid

Downsized, DI, turbocharged engine

Electric turbocompound unit

Conventional turbocharger

Electric supercharger

Belt starter generator

“12+X” energy storage

+ -


HyBoost Performance Attributes & CO2 Emissions

Vehicle 2.0L Duratec Ford Focus

Hyboost Focus Toyota Prius

Max Power (kW) 107 @ 6000 105 @ 5500 73 @ 5200 Peak Tq (Nm) 185 @ 4000 240 @ 3500 142 0-62 mph (s) 9.2 9.2 10.4 31-62 mph (s) 11.9 11.2 tbd Top speed (mph) 128 128 112 CO2 (g/km) 169 89 - 99 89

CO2 Emissions Reduction Base vehicle (2L Ford Focus) 169g/km 50% downsized 1L, Boosted DI, low friction -25% Stop-start & 6 kW regen -10% Cooled EGR, revised turbo match & e-boost -6% Taller gears + gearshift advisor -7% HyBoost vehicle emissions 99.7g/km


Summary & Conclusion

Engine downsizing is central to Ricardo’s roadmap for fuel economy improvements

Next generation SGDI combustion system supports aggressive downsizing – Robust stratified engine operation with excellent fuel

consumption – Highly tolerant combustion system – Knock mitigation technologies enable very high BMEP levels

HyBoost vehicle demonstrates cost effective low CO2 emissions potential

Application of synergistic technologies enables high levels of engine downsizing and vehicle fuel economy


Contact details

Jason King Chief Engineer – Gasoline Engines

Direct Dial: +44 (0) 1273 794479 Reception: +44 (0) 1273 455611 Mobile: +44 (0) 7912 199984

[email protected]

www.ricardo.com

Ricardo UK Ltd. – Shoreham Technical Centre Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex BN43 5FG, UK


C-class Vehicle CO2 Glide Path to <95g/km

169 165 169

141137

125119

114 114109 109 109

105 103 100 9989

28 3244 50 55 55 60 60 60 64 66 69 70

80

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CO

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ED

C (g

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)

CO2 emissions over NEDC (g/km) CO2 emissions reduction over baseline (g/km)

-2% +2% -17% -3% -9% -5% -4% 0% -4% 0% 0% -3.5% -2% -2.5% -1% -10%


HyBoost system installation in Ford Focus

application of synergistic technologies to achieve high levels of

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