application of lme indicators: scotian shelf lme and the us northeast shelf lme 2005-2010
TRANSCRIPT
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GEF International Waters ConferenceSalvador, Brazil20-27 June 2005
APPLICATION OF LME INDICATORS:
SCOTIAN SHELF LME and
THE U.S. NORTHEAST SHELF LME2005-2010
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10 U.S. LMEs10 U.S. LMEs
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THE SCOTIAN SHELF LME
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From: Frank, Petrie, Choi, and Leggett. 2005. Trophic cascades in a formerly cod-dominated ecosystem. Science 308:1621.
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CHANGING CONDITIONS
From: Choi, Frank, Leggett, and Drinkwater, 2004. Transition to an alternate state in a continental shelf ecosystem. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61:505-510
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NORTHEAST SHELF LME
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An undulating oceanographic recorder (above), towed behind a ship, is used to collect ecological parameters needed to assess the state of the marine ecosystem (left).
PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS
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Northeast Shelf Meteorology
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Climate Drivers of the Northeast Shelf Ecosystem
• Warm Gulf Stream waters• Cold Scotian Shelf incursions• Winter North American cold air• Warm Gulf of Mexico air• Position of westerly North American jet
air stream
from O. Hertzman, 1996
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General Circulation of the Northeast Shelf Ecosystem
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FISH AND FISHERIES INDICATORS
• Demersal species surveys• Pelagic species surveys• Ichthyoplankton surveys• Invertebrate surveys (clams, scallops,
shrimp, lobster, squid)• Essential fish habitat• Marine protected areas
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COMMON TERMS from Our Living Oceans Report
• Recent average yield (RAY)• Current potential yield (CPY)• Long term potential yield (LTPY)• Stock level relative to LTPY• Status of resource utilization• Threatened or endangered• Potential biological removal (PBR / MMPA)
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Figure 6-8. Top - Atlantic herring commercial landings and spawning stock biomass, 1967 through 1996 (thousand metric tons). Bottom - Atlantic mackerel landings and spawning stock biomass, 1963 through 1996 (thousand metric tons).
500
400
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100
0
19981990198019701966
0
500
1000
1500
2000
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Year
Spawning Stock BiomassCommercial Landings
HERRING
3000
3500
4000
Spaw
ning
Bio
mas
s (m
etric
tons
, 000
s)
Landings (metric tons, 000s)
Year
500
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100
0
19981990198019701962
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500Spawning Stock BiomassCommercial Landings
MACKEREL
Spaw
ning
Bio
mas
s (m
etric
tons
, 000
s)
Landings (metric tons, 000s)
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Georges Bank Yellowtail
Year1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Spa
wni
ng S
tock
Bio
mas
s ('0
00 m
t) &
Rec
ruitm
ent (
mill
ions
, age
1)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Exp
loita
tion
Rat
e
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Spawning Stock BiomassRecruitmentExploitation Rate
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Georges Bank Haddock
Year1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Spa
wni
ng S
tock
Bio
mas
s ('0
00 m
t) &
Rec
ruitm
ent (
mill
ions
, age
1)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Exp
loita
tion
Rat
e
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Spawning Stock BiomassRecruitmentExploitation Rate
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1980 1985 1990 1995 20001
2
3
4
5
6
Age2 Age3 Age4 Age5
Wei
ght a
t age
, kg
Year
Georges Bank Cod
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1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
1
2
3 Age2 Age3 Age4 Age5
Wei
ght a
t age
, kg
Year
Georges Bank Haddock
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1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9 Age2 Age3 Age4 Age5
Wei
ght a
t age
, kg
Year
Georges Bank Yellowtail