application of four-bar mechanisms in cars group a christopher back joseph ashwin franklin kwongvoon...
TRANSCRIPT
Group AChristopher Back
Joseph Ashwin FranklinKwongvoon Wong
Chen Lin
•Windshield Wiper
• Soft Top Mechanism
Cascading Four-bar Mechanisms
•Open Loop Four-bar Configuration- Used in Industrial robots- Usually requires multiple actuators to control motion
•Pantograph Linkage- Originally used in scaled diagrams- Linkages consist of Parallelograms
Open Loop Four-bar
L= 4, J1= 3, J2= 0 DOF = M =3
Pantograph Linkage
L= 4, J1= 3, J2= 0 DOF = M = 1
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/convertible2.htm
Variation of design
Velocity Analysis and Limit Position Analysis with different R3 link length changing from 30 to 40 units
Conclusion
With a constant input of theta2, the longer R3 is, the faster angle velocity of R4.
That means the soft top can open faster in this condition.
The proceeding figures shows ,when the R3 is longer, it has a smaller rotation range of output link R4.
That means :
For wider rotation angle of R4,we select R3
a bit shorter
Theta4 has the angle limit from 0 to Pi. It
won’t work beyond this limit.
For a faster speed of R4,we select R3 a bit
longer
Grashof Condition
S+L<P+QClass I case:• Ground either link
adjacent to the shortest and you get a crank-rocker
• The shortest link will fully rotate
• the other link pivoted at the ground will oscillate
Tandem system is widely used in the front windshield
One Motor runs both wipers
Parallelogram linkage translates motion to wipers
DOF= 3*(6-1)-2*7=1
Four and Six-bar is a parallelogram linkage.
Duplicate the rotary motion of the driver crank at the driven bar.
Most Common Type of Windshield Mechanism
The coupler of the parallelogram linkage is in curvilinear translation
Remaining at the same angle while all points on it describe identical circular paths
Crank Rocker Input toWindshield Wiper
In above case,R7=0;Design variable:t3,t4,t5,t6,t7
R2Cos(Ө2) + R3Cos(Ө3) + R4Cos(Ө4) + R5Cos(Ө5) = ACos(ӨA)R2Sin(Ө2) + R3Sin(Ө3) + R4Sin(Ө4) + R5Sin(Ө5) = ASin(ӨA)
R2
R3
R4
R5
A
R2Cos(Ө2) + R3Cos(Ө3) + R6Cos(Ө6) + R7Cos(Ө7) = BCos(ӨB)R2Sin(Ө2) + R3Sin(Ө3) + R6Sin(Ө6) + R7Sin(Ө7) = BSin(ӨB)
R2
R3
R7
B
R6
R2Cos(Ө2) + R3Cos(Ө3) + R4Cos(Ө4) + R5Cos(Ө5) = ACos(ӨA)R2Sin(Ө2) + R3Sin(Ө3) + R4Sin(Ө4) + R5Sin(Ө5) = ASin(ӨA)
R2Cos(Ө2) + R3Cos(Ө3) + R6Cos(Ө6) + R7Cos(Ө7) = BCos(ӨB)R2Sin(Ө2) + R3Sin(Ө3) + R6Sin(Ө6) + R7Sin(Ө7) = BSin(ӨB)
Ө4 = Ө6 +180o
No. Equations Unknowns Total Unknowns
4 Ө2 4
Ө3 (Ө3, Ө5, Ө6, Ө7)
Ө4 or = Ө6 +180o
Ө5
Ө6
Ө7
0 – 360(deg)
Windshield Wiper Animation
Wiper Angle Sweep
-Figures show the three angles swept by the windshield wiper for 3 chosen input link lengths
Analysis of Windshield Wiper
Delta Theta vs. Length of Input link
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Input Link Length (inch)
De
lta
Th
eta
(d
eg
ree
)
The Four-bar linkage mechanism will still be used in this wiper system for a long time
It advantage includes Utilize one motor to drive two wiper blade Parametric changes gives different arc Input link can be place in various location
ONE disadvantage commonly reported is Joint failure (joint dislocation)
How Windshield Wipers Work. (2006) In: How Stuff Works Available: <http://auto.howstuffworks.com/wiper2.htm> [2007, October 12].
Norton, R.L. Design of Machinery: An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanisms and Machines. 3rd ed. New York, McGraw-Hill Co. 2006.
How soft top convertible works. (2006) In: How Stuff Works Available: <http://auto.howstuffworks.com/wiper2.htm> [2007, October 12].
Pantographs.(2006) In: Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantograph> [2007, October 12].
• Questions?