SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Application and Learning from Household Vulnerability and Food Security Tools

FHI 360, DAI, Self Help Africa

• Session objectives • Meet the projects and partners

• Three projects implemented by FHI 360, DAI and Self-Help Africa

• Introduce vulnerability and food security tools• DAI HEA, HEA/IHM, PPI, Household Hunger Score, Household

Dietary Diversity

• Discuss selection, adaptation and use of tools and analysis

• Lessons learned and future directions

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Overview

• Learn about the objectives and purpose behind vulnerability and food security assessments by different projects and partners

• Learn about several household (HH) poverty and food security measurement methods utilized

• Discuss selection, adaptation and lessons learned based on use of the tools

Programming contexts: poor and economically vulnerable HHs, cross-sectoral and technical assistance oriented programs addressing household economic strengthening, livelihoods and/or food security, serving HIV and AIDS affected communities

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Learning Objectives

Five year USAID Feed the

Future project (2011-16)

Implemented by FHI360 – as

the Prime Contractor

Sub-contractors -SHA, Brac;

CDFU, GF, Gulu University

and Mbarara University of

Science and Technology.SEEP Annual Conference 2013

Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Uganda Community Connector

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Uganda Community Connector

1. Improve the nutritional status of women and children, and;

2. Improve the livelihoods of vulnerable populations in an equitable and sustainable manner.

Project Result Framework

6

1.1: Households adopt improved nutrition behaviors

1.2: Households adopt improved hygiene behaviors

1.3: Households increase access to more diverse and quality diets

1.4: Increase demand for later timing and spacing of pregnancies

IR1: Improve nutritional status of women and children

CC project Goal: Improve nutrition and achieve food and livelihood security through integrated nutrition and agriculture interventions

7

IR2: Livelihoods of vulnerable populations improved in equitable and

sustainable manner

CC project Goal: Improve nutrition and achieve food and livelihood security through integrated nutrition and agriculture interventions

2.4: Vulnerable hhds linked to FtF economic growth activities

2.1: Household’s assets, income and consumption increased

2.2: Appropriate technologies to improve productivity and post-harvest handling and

decrease women’s workload

2.3: Hhds and communities adopt improved risk management techniques to mitigate shock

2.5: Gender based constraints around household decision making are reduced

Project Result Framework

• Situation Analysis– Household Economy Approach (adapted)– Individual Household Method

• Monitoring and Evaluation/Baseline– Progress out of Poverty Index– Food Security Measures

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Uganda Community Connector

• Improving Multisectoral AIDS Responses to Incorporate Economic Strengthening for Households Affected by AIDS (IMARISHA- to strengthen in Kiswahili)

• 4-year, $5.99 million USAID and PEPFAR funded project (January 2011-December 2014) implemented by DAI

• Objective: Improve the effectiveness of economic strengthening approaches led by PEPFAR Community Care Partners and the Government to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on vulnerable households in Tanzania

• DAI serves as specialized TA provider to IPs and Government, linkage facilitator to development partners, funder of innovation, convener or multisectoral partners in civil society and government to address economic issues within a health context

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Tanzania IMARISHA

• Original footprint: Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mwanza and Shinyanga

• Expanded due to partner demand to: Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Arusha, Singida, Kigoma, Zanzibar, Pwani,

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Tanzania IMARISHA

• Rationale for Vulnerability and Food Security Assessment - Household Economic Assessment (DAI-HEA)

– IMARISHA Initial Partner Assessment showed only 55% of MVC and HBC partners assessed

income or vulnerability… with caveats

– Limited data on economic constraints captured during partner baselines; IMARISHA could be additive and capture more information for partners to use for programming

– In some instances, partners not allowed to do HEA, e.g., those funded by CDC

– DAI wanted a rigorous baseline for our work as a TA provider and allow us to monitor outcomes throughout the project

– Learn more about household vulnerability, resilience and allow us to have data to test new approaches

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Tanzania IMARISHA

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Livelihoods and Food Security Technical Assistance Project (LIFT II)

• Malawi• DRC• Nigeria• Lesotho• Namibia• Tanzania• Zambia

• Global TA Mechanism• USAID 2013-2018• Ceiling $24 million• PEPFAR

• Improved access to ES/L/FS services for clinical health and NACS clients and families, through referrals and community support services.

• Strengthened community services that provide ES/L/FS support as a component of a continuum of care for families.

• Expanded evidence base for ES/L/FS programming impacts on health and nutrition

• Provision of global technical leadership and strategic support to improve the quality of ES/L/FS programs and activities that support PEPFAR, GHI and FtF investments

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Livelihoods and Food Security Technical Assistance Project (LIFT II)

LIFT MODEL FOR LINKING NACS with ES/L/FS OPPORTUNITIES

Poverty &Food SecurityDiagnostic ToolUnderstand segmentation of population to inform demand for services

Organizational Network Analysis (ONA)

Assesses supply of services

POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITYDIAGNOSTIC TOOL

Conduct Poverty & Food Security Diagnostic w/ Health Facility

Client

Score diagnostic results &

segment HH based on 3 Ps

framework

Qualitative interview/counseling based on available services

Make informed referral(s) to

services

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4

Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)

Household Hunger Scale (HHS)

Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS)

Provision

Protection

Promotion

Preferences/interests

Skills Geography Time

constraints Other

priorities

Providing appropriate assistance to the households based on their needs and resources• Activity and intervention design• Technical Assistance to implementing partners in

Economic Strengthening • Assessing health client household vulnerability and food

security status to inform connection to available services for improved food security, improve adherence/retention

• Project and activity M&E (especially baselines)SEEP Annual Conference 2013

Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Why Vulnerability and Food Security Analysis?

• Household Economic Assessment (HEA), modified by DAI

• Household Economy Approach (HEA by Save, EDF)

• Individual Household Method (IHM) • Progress out of Poverty (PPI)• Household Hunger Scale (HHS)• Household Dietary Diversity Scale (HDDS)

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Vulnerability and Food Security Approaches and Tools Utilized

• Household Economy Approach and Individual Household Method– How people in different social and economic circumstances get the food and cash they

need– Identify assets available, opportunities open to them and constraints they face– Analysis of options open to them at times of crisis– Analysis of the connections among different groups and different areas, providing a

picture of how assets are distributed within a community – IHM subanalysis of HEA allows for a focus at the household level

HEA Website for more information

• Community Connector adapted it to inform Situation Analysis– Definition of vulnerability by livelihood zones– Development context/drivers of malnutrition and poverty– How to break apart food security within vulnerable groups

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Household Economy Approach (HEA) and Individual Household Method (IHM)

HEA is a livelihoods-based framework for analyzing the way people obtain access to the things they need to survive and prosper.

• HEAs typically try to answer 3 questions:1. How people in different social and economic circumstances get the food and

cash they need; 2. What assets, opportunities are open to them and what constraints they face;

and 3. The options open to them at times of crisis

• HEA survey tool developed by DAI for use with PEPFAR Implementing Partners (IPs)

Modeled on a survey instrument developed by SC-UK for food security but updated to include other questions (E.g., HIV)

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

DAI Household Economic Assessment (DAI HEA)

• Poverty measurement tool developed by the Grameen Foundation

• Video Introduction “What is the PPI?” (utilize link below)

http://www.progressoutofpoverty.org/about-ppi

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI)

• Household hunger in food insecure areas• Validated for cross-cultural use

Household Hunger Scale SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Household Hunger Scale (HHS) &

• Food access proxy indicator

• Validated approach• Useful when

resources for measuring are limited

Household Dietary Diversity ScoreSEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS)

• What are the objectives and data needs?• What do we want to do with the information

once we collect it? • What existing approaches are out there and how

can we build off them?• What are the gaps or what else is needed to

meet our objective?• Who is doing data collection and what are the

requirements to use the approach?SEEP Annual Conference 2013

Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Key Questions and Considerations in Selecting Approaches

• Streamlining and tailoring of approach or tool• Customizing to local context• Addressing gaps by supplementing (ie food

security, gender) or combining with other approaches and tools

• Incorporate learning and experience (ie HEA+, LIFT diagnostic tool)

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Types of Adaptation

• Selection: What and why?• Adaptation of tools/approaches: How and why?• Application: Experience utilizing the approaches

and analysis– Time taken, financial resources (high/low/med)– How useful/effective was it in meeting your

objectives– Benefits and challenges– Lessons learned

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Small Group Discussion

What does this mean for your work? What considerations are there in other contexts and

programming? Where are these approaches going next?

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

Discussion Q&A- What did you hear/discuss in your group?

Uganda Community Connector http://commconnector.org

LIFT II http://theliftproject.org/

IMARISHA http://dai.com/our-work/projects/tanzania--economic-strenghthening-households-affected-aids-imarisha

Contact UsRobert Gensi robert.gensi@selfhelpafrica.net Khalid Mgaramo khalid_mgaramo@dai.com

Meaghan Murphy mmurphy@fhi360.org Robert Mwadime rmwadime@fhi360.org

SEEP Annual Conference 2013Partnerships and Cross-Sector Approaches

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