Appendix

Conversion table

BAR PSI ArM PSI BAR ArM

1 14.5 1.02 0.1 0.1

2 29.0 2.04 5 0.3 0,4

3 43.5 3.06 10 0.7 0.7

4 58.0 4.08 50 3.5 3.5

5 72.5 5.10 100 6.9 7.0

7 101.5 6.12 200 l3.8 14.1

8 116.0 7.14 300 20.7 21.1

9 l30.5 9.18 400 27.6 28.1

10 145.0 10.20 500 34.5 35.2

11 159.0 11.22 600 41.4 42.2

12 174.0 12.24 700 48.3 49.2

800 55.2 56.3

900 62.1 63.3

1000 69.0 70.3

1 bar = 1.02 atm = 14.5 psi 1100 75.9 77,4

1200 82.8 84,4

French mm Inches Gauge OD (mm) OD (Inch)

0.5 0.16 0.006 27 0,41 0.016 0.33 0.013 26 0,46 0.018

1.5 0,49 0.019 25 0.51 0.020

1.8 0.59 0.023 24 0.56 0.022

2 0.67 0.026 23 0.64 0.025 2.5 0.82 0.032 22 0.71 0.028

3.0 1.00 0.039 21 0.81 0.032 4 1.33 0.052 20 0.97 0.038

5 1.67 0.078 19 1.07 0.042

6 2.00 0.079 18 1.27 0.050

7 2.33 0.092 17 1.50 0.059

8 2.67 0.105 16 1.65 0.065

9 3.00 0.118 15 1.83 0.072 10 3.33 0.l31 14 2.11 0.083

1 Fr = 0.0l31 inch = 0.33 mm 1 inch = 2.54 cm

696 Appendix

II

Bollinger score for evaluating peripheral occlusive vascular disease. 0, occlusion; St, stenosis; Ir, irregularities less than 20% diameter reduction; mult, more than one stenosis; n, normal

Bollinger - Score for evaluation of POVD

~~~ ",00

V) '" 1\ V v

oti5ii5.!=!= Artery

14121110 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50%

Score LLJ 2R----.

14121110 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50% 3R ------:l,...

Score LLJ

HI211101 single 1131513121 mult.~50%

1151614131 mult. > 50% Score L 1 J

4R --t-+-'

HI211101 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult.>50% 5R

Score LLJ

HI211101 single 1131513121 multo ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50%

Score LLJ 6R ---If-

14121110 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50%

Score 1 1 J 7R--+

14121110 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50%

Score LLJ SR

14121U0 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50%

Score .. b.L.J 9R

Score

lOR lOl

o ~ occlusion St ~ Stenosis Ir ~ Irregularities

less than 20% Diameter reduction mult. ~ more than one Stenosis n~normal

HI2ulOi single 1131513121 mult. ~50%

5l 1151614131 mult. > 50% Score

HI2UIOI single 1131513121 mult. ~50%

__ 611151614131 multo > 50% Score

f!12nlOl single 1131513121 mult. ~50%

-t-- 711151614131 mult. > 50% Score

HI2nl01 single 1131513121 mult. ~50%

811151614131 multo > 50% Score

210 single 1131513121 mult. ~50%

911151614131 mult. > 50% Score

HI2nl01 single 1131513121 mult. ~50% 1151614131 mult. > 50%

Score

Appendix 697

III. List fo addresses of Companies

A) which develop and/or sale medical instruments for vascular diagnosis and intervention

Angiomed GmbH Eisenbahnstr. 36 76229 Karlsruhe, Germany

Avalon Medizintechnologie Leinstr.33 30159 Hannover, Germany

Bard - Angiomed C. R. Bard GmbH Wachhaustr. 6 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany

BARD, C. R. Inc. Billerica Mass., USA

Becton-Dickinson AG Tullastr. 8-12 69126 Heidelberg, Germany

Biomedical Technology s.r.l. Vis Tolstoj, 7/B 20090 Trezzano s/Naviglio (MI), Italy

Boston Scientific International Schneider I Scimed Vera 745 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentinia

Boston Sientific Ges.m.b.H. Schneider I Scimed Handelskai 388/521A 1020 Wien, Austria

Boston Sientific do Brazil Schneider I Scimed Av. Morumbi 6849 Soa Paulo, Brazil

Boston Scientific Nordic AS Schneider I Scimed Vestre Strandalle 101 8240 Risskov, Denmark

Boston Scientific International B. V. Schneider I Scimed Immeuble Vision Defense 91 boulevard National 92257 La garenne Colombes Cedex, France

Boston Sientific GmbH Schneider I Scimed Christinenstr. 2 40880 Ratingen, Germany

Boston Scientific S.p.A. Schneider I Scimed World Trade Center - 10th Floor Via dei Marini, 1 16149 Genoa, Italy

Boston Scientific, K.K. Schneider I Scimed Toho Building 8F 3-3-5, Kita-Shinagawa Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 140, Japan

Boston Sientific International B. V. Schneider I Scimed MECC Business Center Gaetona Martinolaan 85 6229 GS Maastricht, Netherlands

Boston Scientific Schneider I Scimed Rua Jose Gomes Ferreira 4,7A I -250 Lisbon, Portugal

Boston Scientific Iberia Schneider I Scimed Avenida europa 4, Edifico bruselas Parque Emprasarial "La Moraleja" 28100 Alcobendas (Madrid), Spain

Boston Scientific Nordic AlB Schneider I Scimed Floor 4 Bega Alle 1 25452 Helsingborg/Sweden

Boston Scientific AG Schneider I Scimed Schneider technology Center Ackerstr.6 8180 Bulach, Switzerland

Boston Scientific Limited Schneider I Scimed New England House Sandridge Park, Porters Wood Sr. Albans Herts AU 6PH, UK

B. Braun Melsungen AG Postfach 110 34212 Melsungen, Germany

BSIC Medizintechnik GmbH Koiner Str. 67 40723 Hilden, Germany

Cardiovascular Dynamics, Inc. 13700 Alton Parkway Irvine, California 92618, USA

Cook Incorporated P.O. Box 489 Bloomington, IN 47402, United States

William, A. Cook Australia Pty. Ltd Brisbane Technology Park 12 Electronics Street Eight Mile Plains, Brisbane QLD 4113, Australia

Cook Belgium NV/SA Romeinsesteenweg 558 A 1853 Strombeck-Bever, Belgium-Lux­embourg

Cook (Canada) Inc. 111 Sandiford Drive Stouffville, Ontario L4A 7X5, Canada

William Cook Europe A/S Sandet 6 4632 Bjaeverskov, Denmark

Cook France s.a.r.l. 2 rue du Noveau Bercy 94227 Charenton, Cedex, France

W. Cook Europe GmbH Malmedyer Str. 10 41066 Monchengladbach, Germany

Cook Italia s.r.l. Via Raffaelo Sanzio 17/19 20092 Cinisello MaIsano (MI), Italy

Cook Netherland B.V. Ekkestrijt 4502 5692 DM SON, The Netherlands

Cook Espana S.A. Mallorca 27, 08029 Barcelona, Spain

Cook (Switzerland) AG Schellenrain 5 6210 Sursee, Switzerland

Cook (UK) Limited Monroe House, Letchworth Herts SG 6 1 LN, UK

698

Cordis Corp. Johnson & Johnson Compo PO Box 025700 Miami, Florida 33102-5700, USA

Cordis Division Johnson & Johnson Compo Gunoldstr. 14, Postfach 8 1199 Wien, Austria

Cordis International SA Johnson & Johnson Company Waterloo Office Park Dreve Richelle 161 H 1410 Waterloo, Belgium

Cordis NV 1 SA Johnson & Johnson Compo Horizon Center Leuvensesteenweg 510 Bus 42 1930 Zaventem, Belgium

Cordis S.A. Johnson & Johnson Compo Parc de Viry Batiment A, Rue de Ris 91178 Viry-Chatillon Cedex, France

Cordis S.A. Johnson & Johnson Compo Rue Camille Des Mouslins 1 TSA 71001 92787 Issy les Moulineaux, France

Cordis Med. Apparate GmbH Johnson & Johnson Compo Rheinische Str. 2 42781 Haan, Germany

Cordis Med. Apparate GmbH Johnson & Johnson Compo Max-Planck-Str.20-22 40699 Erkrath, Germany

Cordis Hungaria KFT Johnson & Johnson Compo Iranyi utaca 21-23/2 1056 Budapest, Hungaria

Co rdis Italia Johnson & Johnson Compo Piazza don Enrico Mapelli 1 20099 Sesto San Giovanni (M) Italy

Cordis Italia SpA Johnson & Johnson Compo Via Teocrito 36 20128 Milano, Italia

Cordis Europa NV Johnson & Johnson Compo Pb 38 Oosteinde 8 9300 AA Roden, The Netherlands

Cordis Portugal sa Johnson & Johnson Compo Rua Latino Caolho 33 6 Esq 1000 Lisboa, Portugal

Cordis Espana Johnson & Johnson Compo Gronegatan 9 20011 Malmo, Sweden

Cordis Corp. Johnson & Johnson Staffansvag 2 19184 Sollentuna, Sweden

Cordis AG Johnson & Johnson Compo Gaswerkstr. 48 4900 Langenthal, Switzerland

Cordis Johnson & Johnson Rotzenbiihlstr. 55 8957 Spreitenbach, Switzerland

Johnson & Johnson Medical Cordis Divison Coronation Road South Ascot Berkshire SL5 9EY, United Kingdom

Corotec Medizintechnik GmbH Am Weinkastell 7 55270 Klein-Winternheim, Germany

Dastascope GmbH Collagen Products Zeppelinstr. 2-4 D-64625 Bensheim, Germany

Datascope Collagen Products 14 Philips Parkway Montvale NJ 07645, USA

Deutsche Abbott GmbH Max-Planck-Ring 2 65205 Wiesbaden, Germany

Gore-Technologies w.L. Gore & Associates GmbH Hermann-Oberth-Str.22 85640 Putzbrunn, Germany

W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc Flagstaff, Arizona 86003-3200, USA

W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. 1327 Oreleans Drive Sunnyvale, California 94089, USA

Grifols S.A. Ctra Nacional N 152, km 21 Parets de Vlles, Spain

Johnson & Johnson Interventional Systems Co. 35 Technology Drive P.O. Box 4917, Warren N.J. 07059

Johnson & Johnson Medical NV/SA Europe Dreve Richelle

Appendix

161H-161O Waterloo, Belgium

Jomed Deutschland Carl-von-Linde Str. 38 85716 UnterschleiBheim, Germany

JOMED Netherlands B.V. Bamfordweg 1 6235 NS Ulestraten, The Netherlands

JOMED Russia Studencheskaya el. 34, Box 5 121165 Moscow, Russia

JOMED Switzerland AG Amthauptstrasse 8222 Beringen, Switzerland

JOMED UK Ltd Tabley Court, Moss Lane Ober Tabley Knutfford-Cheshire WA 16 CPL, United Kingdom

A.D. Krauth Wandbeker Konigstr. Postfach 701260 22041 Hamburg, Germany

Mallinckrodt Medical GmbH Josef-Dietzgen-Str.I-3 Postfach 1462 53761 Hennef/Sieg, Germany

Malinckrodt Medical Co., Ltd Shuwa Kamiya-Cho Bldg. 3-13 Toranomon 4 - Chome Minato - Ku, Tokyo 195, Japan

Medcare Mail du Centre 3, allee Hector Berlioz 95130 Franconville, France

Medico's Hirata, Inc. 3-4-3 Edobori Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550, Japan

Medtronic AVE, Inc. 3576 Unocal Place Santa Rosa, CA. 95403, USA

Medtronic Aneu Rx. 1312 Crossmann Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA

Appendix

Medtronic B.V. Wenckebachstraat 10 6466 NC Kerkrade, The Netherlands

Microvena Corp. and RJP International Inc. P.O. Box 1527, Baldwin New York 11510 USA

Optimed Medizinische Instrumente GmbH Ferdinand-Porsche-Str. 11 76275 Ettlingen, Germany

Perclose, Inc. 199 Jefferson Drive Menlo Park CA 94025, USA

Promedics GmbH Egliweg 10 2560 Nidau, Switzerland

B) Contrast Media

Bracco- Imaging Bracco. S.p.A. Via E. Foli 50 20134 Milano, Italy

Byk -Gulden -Lomberg Byk-Gulden-Str.2 78467 Konstanz, Germany

Mallinckrodt Medical GmbH Josef-Dietzgen-Str.1-3 Postfach 1462 53761 Hennef/Sieg, Germany

Prague Medical CS s.r.o. Na Safrance 41 10100 Praha 10, Czech Republic

Sherine Med AG Kirchstr.7 3427 Utzendorf, Switzerland

Sherine Med Americas LLC P.O. Box 51570 Irvine, CA 92619-1570, USA

Sherwood Davis & Geck Angio-Seal S1. Louis, Missouri, USA

St. Jude Medical GmbH Daig Division Marienbergstr. 82 90411 Niirnberg, Germany

Tamro Medical AS Langebjerg 23 4000 Roskilde, Denmark

Nycomed Arzneimittel GmbH Postfach 450361 Freisinger Landstr. 74 80939 Miinchen, Germany

Schering AG Miillerstr. 170-178 13353 Berlin, Germany

Tamro MedLab AB Danmarkgatan 46 164 40 Kista, Sweden

Targe CMI, Inc. 4-7-1 Aobadai Meguro-Ku Tokyo 153, Japan

Target Therapeutics San Jose, California, USA

Terumo (Deutschland) GmbH Postfach 710863 60498 Frankfurt Lyoner Str. lla 60528 Frankfurt, Germany

Tietze-Medical Tannenweg 16 91329 Adelsdorf, Germany

Trigon-MTS GmbH Ronneterring 11 41068 Monchengladbach, Germany

699

Subject Index

A abdominal angina 403-406 ABI (ankle brachial index) 16,520 ablation - athermal 91 - spectroscopically-guided 100 access, arteries' veins - axillary - - anatomy 134 - - complications 136 - - indication 133, 134 - - technique 134-136 - brachial 131, 132 - femoral vessels 126-131 - - complications 130,131 - - contralateral 129, 130 - - ilio-femoral arteries 129 - lumbar 132, 133 acetylsalicylic acid 114 Adson's test 492 afterloading therapy 552 AGIR 66 aliasing 221, 222 Allen's test 601 allergies, contact 692 Amplatz-catheter 440 AMP PULSE (amplified protosystolic

pulse) 22 amputation, leg - angiographic evaluation 585,586 - distal open 585 - indications' incidence 583 - levels, choice 586 - MRA 587,588 - pathophysiology 583,584 - prevention 579-581 - rate 482 - risk 576 analgesics 111, 112 aneurysms' aneurysmatic disease 63,

194,214,216 - abdominal 347-350 - arteriosclerotic 346 - complications 346 - definition 343-345 - dissecting 346 - - types 356-360 - etiology 344 - false 365 - iatrogenic 365-367 - iliac 364,365,521 - imaging 347 - incidence ,location 345-347 - inflammatory 350-352

- infrarenal aortic - - classification 376 - - diagnosis 376-381 - - epidemiology 371 - - follow-up examination 386 - - risk of rupture 372 - - prosthetic devices 387 - - ruptured 379 - - size 386, 387 - - thrombotic complications 390,391 - - treatment modalities 372,373 -lower extremities 362-364 - luetic 356,359 - mortality 350,386, 387 - mycotic 351 - peripheral 362 - popliteal 363, 560 - posttraumatic 360,361 - renal arteries 364 - ruptured 347,350,352-356 - splenic artery 401 - thoracoabdominal 355 - upper extremities 364 - venous 648 angina, intestinal 403-406 Angiocor 666 angiodysplasia, congenital, classificati-

on 301 angioendoscope, different types 246 angiography - electron beam CT angiography 211 - CO2-Angiography 156-158 - conventional 14 - diagnostic 127 - digital dynamic (DDA) 181-184 - digital subtraction (DSA) 14,

175-177,181-184,385,573 - fine-needle 337 - fluorescein 490 - magnetic resonance (see MRA) - pharmaco-angiography, cryodynamic

490 - roentgen angiography (see there) - rotational 178 - spiral CT 16,201-217 - ultrasound angiography (see there) Angiojet 441 angioplasty - advantages 527 - balloon angioplasty 240,241 - hemodynamic pressure gradient 518 - IVUS classification 241 -laser-angioplasty (see there) - localization 188

- mortality 527 - percutaneous transluminal (see PTA) angioscopy 13 - indication 248 - interventional vascular procedures

250-252 - materials' methods 245-248 angiotensin II 29 ankle brachial index (ABI) 16,518 ankle-suction-pressure pump 690 Anthenor filter 666 antibiotic treatment 111 anticlotting effect 151 anti-elastin-titer 487 antihypertensive' antihypotensive

drugs 112 aortic arch syndrome 593,603-605 - incomplete, classification 594, 604 aortic bifurcation 513 aortic diameter, infrarenal 513 aortic obliteration 322-337 aortic occlusion 334-337 - aortoiliac embolic occlusion 334 - collateral circulation 336,337 - types 335 aortic stenosis 325 - abdominal coarctation 328-330 - aortic arch 328,598 - infrarenal 330,331 - - interventional radiology 331-334 - locations 327 - supravalvular 328 aortic-wall thickening 412 aortoarteriitis (Takayasu type angiitis)

334,605 aortography, thoracic 325 aortoiliac diseases 472,473 - surgical treatment 337-343 - - indications 337,338,340,341 - - operative technique 338,339,341,

342 - - results 342, 343 aortoiliac occlusive disease, classificati-

on 528,529 aortopulmonary window 301 arm, normal anatomy 626 arteria ischiadica 541 arterial diseases, incidence 4-6 arterial injury 464 arterial thromboembolic disease, acute,

report 192 arteriography, magnification 481 arteriomegaly 343 arteriopathies

702

- combined 472 - drug-induced 506,507 arteriosclerosis 11,469-472 - age-dependent 475 - angioscopic findings 249 - changes 14 - generalized 537 - histology 21 - morphology 19,21 - pathoanatomical stages 20,21 - progression! regression 21-23 - risk faktors 23-25 arthritis, rheumatoid 630 atherectomy 50, 545, 546 - adjunctive drug therapy 51 - AUT rotablator 55,546 - high-speed rotational angioplasty 54 - pull-back atherectomy 51-53 - Redha atherectomy 51,53,54 - results 51,52 - Simpson atherectomy 51,52 - TEe (transluminal endarterectomy

catheter) 54,55 - techniques 51 - Vallbracht system (Rotacs) 55,545 atherogenesis 29 - response-to-injury hypothesis 19 atheromatous plaque 19 auskultation, arterial 12 auto-calibration 170 automatic exposure control system

(AEC) 172-174,176 automatic protection 170 auto sympathectomy 480 auxiliary devices 57 axillary artery, occlusion 602 axillary veins, digital visualization 276

B Balkin-up-and-over 143 balloon angioplasty 240,241,526,

528-530,563,575 - histologic changes 38 - kissing-balloon technique 331,332,

519 - stent assisted 528 balloon catheter 42-44 - characteristics 47 - corset 37 - Griintzig double-lumen 47,49 - inflation! deflation 47 - Kensey 54, 545 - materials 47 - Olbert 47 - recomendations 48 - transluminal endarterectomy catheter

(TEC) 54,55 balloon embolization 308 balloon fenestration, percutaneous

395,399 Bard stent 58-60 Basler study 5-7 bird's nest filter 662 bleeding - postinterventional 366 - pudendal 519

blood-cell diseases 509,510 blood platelets - adhesion 20 - aggregation 19 blood-pressure measurement 415 blood urea nitrogen 377 blood viscosity 23 blue-toe syndrome 509 Bollinger score 15, 198 bolus chasing 178 Botallo, ductus arteriosus 300 brachial arterial diseases 591,601-603 - anatomy! variations 593-599 - angioplasty 607-615 brachial entrapment syndrome 494 brachiocephalic trunk, obliteration

600,601 Bridge stent 45 B-scanning 219,220 Budd-Chiary syndrome 669 Buerger's disease 474,485-490,630 bypass 529 - axillofemoral 340,372 - bypass graft disease 33 - extraanatomic 337 - femorofemoral 340, 514, 517 - femoropopliteal 341,568 - hitch-hike 556 - jump 556 - pedal 556 - saphenous-vein 342 - thromboembolic occlusions 455, 567

C calcium channel blocker 578 capillary microscopy 490 captopril test 412 cardiac imaging 211 cardiac risk factors 377 cardiovascular risk profile 12 CARE (combined application to reduce

exposure) 174 catheter 144-146 - Amplatz 440 - angiography 145 - bougier catheter systems 46, 47 - balloon catheter 37,42-44,47 - Fogarty catheter 435 - guiding 42 - materials 144 - multiple-fiber 86 - Olbert balloon catheter 564 - percutaneous aspiration catheter

system (PAT) 56,57,433,454 - pre dilating 37, 42 - single Teflon catheter 37 - Sos dilatation 46,47 - tracker 72 - van Andel dilatation 46 - Zeitler dilatation 46 celiac trunk 401 chlamydia pneumoniae bacteria 25 - chlamydia hypothesis 26 cholesterol 12 cholesterol crystal emboli 509 chronic vibration trauma 498

cigarette smoking 23,24 cine 180

Subject Index

claudication, intermittent 67, 562 clopidogrel 532 clot lysis 68, 549 coagulation - defect 641 - parameter 549 coagulopathy, heparin-induced 631 coarctation, aorta 322-327 - abdominal 328-330 - collateral circulation 324 - recoarctation 326 - segmental! dysplastic type 323 - syndromes 325 - types 325 Cockett perforater 651, 655 coiling, iliac arteries 379 cold injuries 629 collagen diseases 490,491,630 collateral pathway - Riolan's collateral pathway 336,404 - supraaortic obliteration 606,607 - vertebro-vertebral 599 - Winslow's collateral pathway 336,

605 color,lymphotropic 281 color coding 222 color flow imaging 221 common femoral artery, occlusion 526 common iliac artery 515 - occlusion 518 complications at the puncture site, pro-

phylaxis 366 composite graft 342 compression bandage therapy 690 compression syndromes 491-495 compression test 652 consent, informed 117-119 contour sign 637 contrast 179 contrast media 124 - administration 125, 126 - adverse reactions 148 - - characteristics 161-164 - - classification 161 - allergic reaction 148 - anaphylactoid reaction 150, 151 - - prophylaxis 152 - blood coagulation 151 - compability 164 - inhibitory effects 165 - ionic! non-ionic, adverse reaction

150 - nephrotopic 148-150 - renal function 151 - side effects 111,147,148,150 - tailored 158-166 coronary arteries 211 Corvita-endovascular graft 65,462 Cragg stent 58, 462 crossectomy 679 cross-over technique 528 CT angiography - contrast CT scan 207 - electron beam CT angiography 211 - spiral CT angiography 16,201-217

Subject Index

- volume rendering 212-217 cumarin derivates 115 cupula sign 637 CVI - diagnostic approach 652 - pathophyiology 652 cyclic guanosine monophosphate 30 cystic adventitial degeneration 474,

495,496,560,561 cytokines 29

D Dacron prostheses 338-341 DDA (digital dynamic angiography)

181-184 De Bakey-type 356 dermal necrosis 187 deterministic effects 187 diabetes mellitus 4, 24, 25, 11 0 - classification 479 - diagnostic criteria 479 - vascular disease, histology 479-483 diagnostic principles 11-17 digital artery supply 595 dilatation - percutaneous transluminal renal (see

PTRD) - post-stenotic 469 dimers, non-ionic 149 diseases (see syndromes) dissection 206 - aortic dissection - - acute 356-360 - - diagnosis / management 393-400 - classification, angiographic 95 - high-grade 61 documentation 192-199 Doppler effect 220,221 Doppler technique 15,16 - color-coded 219,231 - power Doppler imaging 222,227 - spectral Doppler 221 - waveform 229 dose area product (DAP) 186 dose filter, adaptive 174 DOW-phenomen 648 DSA (digital subtraction angiography)

14,175-177,385,573 - and DDA (digital dynamic angiogra­

phy) 181-184 ductus arteriosus, patent (PDAB) 300,

301 duplex ultrasound, color-coded - correlation 231 - criteria for stenosis 225 - sensitivities 233 dysfibrinogenemia 641 "dystrophie polynevrysmale" 343

E easy Walls tent 45, 59 effort thrombosis 605 embolectomy 56, 426-428 embolic migration phenomena 443 embolism, arterial 402

- cerebral/arm 426 - clinic 426 - foreign-body 424 - imaging methods 426,427 - incidence / etiology 424-426 - mortality 425 - peripheral 426 - pulmonary 644 - - incidence 661 - - prevention 423 - - recurrence 661,662 - therapy 427,428 embolization - coil 458 - inferior mesenteric artery 522 - materials 71 - pelvic 71 - superselective 521 - - arteriovenous malformations 71,

72,306 embolotherapy, tailored 316 emergency care 151 endarterectomy 341 endoleak 381 - classification 385 - primary / secondary 389 endoprosthesis 57 endothelial cell - intimal hyperplasia, role 29-31 - turnover 22 endothelial dysfunktion 29 endothelin-1 29 endothelization, stent 58 endovascular grafting 350,460-465 endovascular treatment 64 entrance dose 186 enzymuria 163 epilation, permanent 187 eraser phenomen 637 Erdheim-Gsell's necrosis 345,346 ergotism 505, 506 erythema, early transient 187 examination, physical 11 Excimer laser 547 external iliac artery 513 - occlusion 516,523

F fasciotomy 495 fatty streaks 19 femoral artery disease - anatomy / variations 541 - incidence / types of obliteration 541,

542 - interventional radiology 544-555 - superficial femoral obliteration - - segmental 542-544 - - total 544 - vascular surgery 555 fenestration, percutaneous balloon

fenestration 395,399 fibrin deposition 445 fibrinolytic treatment 445-450 - intravascular 435 fibromuscular dysplasia 408,410,411,

496-498

- classification 497 fibrosis, retroperitoneal 673 filling defect 637 film changer 173,174 filtering, prophylactic 662 filters, vena caval - permanent 662-665 - temporary 665-667 fine-needle angiography 337 Fischer bandage 690 fistulas - arteriovenous 63,299,458 - hemodialysis, stent 674-677 flap - dissection 394 - intimal 41

703

flow grade, angiographic classification 95

flow pattern 224 fluoroscopy 171 - skin effects 187 - tiltable target 272 Fogarty catheter 435 Fontaine classification 13,526 foot artery disease - anatomy / variations 571,572 - obliteration, incidence 572,573 - single / multivessel disease 574-576 foot, diabetic 480 - neuropathic / neuroischemic 482,

483 Framingham study 4

G GAMS 520 gastrocnemian point 656 Gianturco-Rosch stent 670 glidewire 142 graser 84 groin 126 growth factor, platelet-derived (PDGF)

29,30-32 growth inhibitors 31 Griintzig double-lumen catheter 47,49 guidewires 140-143,576 - exchangeable 141 - steerable 142 - table 141 - Terumo guidewire 142 guidewires, hydrophilic 55 Giinther basket filter 666

H hand arteries diseases - functional diseases 627--639 - normal anatomy 626 - variations 596,625-626 hand injector 141 heat conduction 90 hemangiomas, giant 587 hematocrit 23 hematoma 191 Hemobahn endovascular graft 65,66 hemorheologic disease 509 hemorrhage, acute 460

704

heparin f heparinization 190,423,424, 578

-low-molecular 115 Hess technique 70,452 hip-joint bandage 41,131 history, medical 11 homocystein 12 horseshoe kidney 335 Hydrolyser 441,442 hypercholesterolemia 24 hyperhomocysteinemia 12 hyperlipidemia 24 hypersensitivity syndromes 506 hypertension 4, 24 - pulmonary 662 - renovascular 401,407 - - diagnosis 410-412 - venous, chronic 684 hyperthyroidism 11 0, III hypertriglyceridemia 24 hypogastric steal syndrome 405 hypothenar hammer syndrome 498,

630,631

iliac artery diseases - anatomy f variations 513,514 - bilateral 519-525 - unilateral 514-519 iliac bifurcation 515 image intensifier f spot film device

174,175 image quality 171,174 impeller basket 440 impotence 521 improvement, degree 69 infection 25, 26 inflammatory vascular changes, angios-

copic features 250 inflammatory vascular disease 485 inflow enhacement, principle 256 inguinal arteries 127 innominate artery 608 - stenosis 618 Instent 45, 58, 60 internal carotid stenosis, calculation

224 internal iliac artery 513 - occlusion 517,524 interpretation 192-199 intervention, vascular 35 interventional materials 41-44 intimal flap 41 intimal hyperplasia 58 - pathophysiology 29-33 IR (see radiology, interventional) IRA principle 584 iridium 192 552,553 irradiation therapy 552 - stenosis 609 ischemia - acute - - categories 69 - - clinical differences 432 - intestinal, chronic 403-406 -leg

- - acute, definition 56 - - categories 69 - - chronic 573 - - critical 25, 529, 556 - lesions 480 - mesenteric, acute 401-403 IVUS classification, angioplasty 241

K Kensey catheter 54, 545 key perforater 650 kidney - abnormalities 352 - horseshoe kidney 335 - transplanted 414 Kimray-Greenfield filter 662 kissing-balloon technique 331, 332,

519

L laser flaser-angioplasty 83,546, 547 - ablation 92 - absorption coefficients 85 - argon laser, continuous-wave 93 - biological action 87-93 - efficiency 96-99 - energy, technical aspects 85-87 - holmium laser 93 - indications 93-95 - parameters 84, 85 - photochemical reaction 90 - resonator 84 - results, complications 95-100 - spectra 91 - wire 88 leak following endovascular repair 349 Leriche's syndrome 521 limb, upper, ischemic sign 608 Linton's line 650 lipodermatosclerosis 689 lipoproteins, high-density flow-density

12 "Lokalisatoreffekt" 21 longsegment stenosis, smooth 506 loss of sensory function 584 low-fat diet 27 luetic thoracic aortic aneurysm 356,

359 lupus erythematosus, systemic (SLE)

490,491 lymphography - complications 284,285 - equipment 281,282 - imaging 282-284 - indications 284 - technique 280,281

M macro angiopathy, diabetic 479 - avascular type 482 - characteristics 480 - hypervascular type 482 macrophages 32 malformations, arteriovenous

- capillary 628 - classification 300-303 - color-coded duplex sonography 304 - complications 306, 316 - contrast-enhanced magnetic resonan-

ce angiography 264 - definition f pathogenesis 299, 300 - diagnostics 303-306,312 - embolization 71,72,306 - etiology 309 - F. P. Weber type 302,305,308 - imaging methods 306-309 -location 309 - morphology 309 - noninvasive tests 309 - shunting, quantification 311,312 - stages 303 - therapy - - pelvic 314-316 - - peripheral 312-314 - types 300 Marfan's syndrome 355 maser 84 maximum intensity projection 203 May-Thurner syndrome 669,673,674 mean fluoroscopic time 185 measurement, quantitative 193,194 mechanical forces 29 medication - after angioplasty 113-116 - peri-interventional 111-113 - premedication 109-111 medianecrosis, idiopathic 345,346 Memotherm 45,59,60,527 mesenteric artery 401 mesh basket 440 microaneurysm, intrarenal 364 micro angiopathy, diabetic 480 micro embolism 586 microparticles 72 microporous balloon technique 452 mid-aortic syndrome 328,334 MIP (maximum intensity projection)

reconstruction 203-205, 258 - target MIP 258 Monckeberg's sclerosis 480 monocyte invasion 29 monomers, non-ionic 149 MRA (magnetic resonance angiogra-

phy) 16,17 - clinical applications - - abdominal veins 268 - - arm arteries 266, 267 - - leg arteries 264, 265 - - iliac arteries 262-264 - - portal system 268 - - renal arteries 261,262 - - supraaortal arteries 261 - - thoracoabdominal aorta 259-261 - - veins 267,268 - - visceral arteries 262 - contrast-enhancement 257,261 - future aspects 259 - imaging technique 255,256 - indications f contraindications frisks

258,259 - phase-contrast 256,257

Subject Index

- postprocessing I viewing techniques 257,258

- technical considerations 255 - time I costs 259 - time of flight (TOF) 256) multiplanar image reconstruction 202 mural thrombi 445 muscular infarction 588 myoglobinuria 584

N narcotics 111 Nd-YAG-Iaser 54 necrosis - bone 480 - dermal 187 - idiopathic medianecrosis (Erdheim-

Gsell) 345,346 needles 138-140 neointima formation, pathogenesis 30 nephropathy - eM-related 163 - diabetic 25 neuropathic osteo-arthropathies, diabe-

tic 480 neuropathy, diabetic 480,482 nevus flammeus 305 nifedipine 578 Nitinol stent 57,532 nitroglycerin 578

o obliteration, arterial - aortic 322-337 - arteriosclerotic, long distance 408 - classification 66-68 - femoropopliteal 473 -leg I foot 572,573 - peripheral 474,475 - popliteal 473,474 - renal artery 406, 407 obliteration, guidelines - brachio-cephalic arteries 68 - femoral arteries 67 - iliac arteries 67 - infrapopliteal arteries 68 - popliteal artery 68 obstruction, branch vessel - anatomy 393 - diagnosis 393,394 - mortality 396 - results 396,397 - treatment 396 occlusion - acute thrombotic 471 - aortic (see aortic occlusion) - aortobiiliac bifurcated 521 - aortoiliac 517 - chronic arterial 445,446,471 - femoral, age 471 - iliac veins 521 - popliteal artery 472 - - collateral circulation 475 - - prognosis 474 occlusive peripheral artery disease 483

Olbert balloon catheter 47,564 opaque markers 545 Ortner's syndrome 403-406 oscillography 687 Osler's disease 510 Osler-Rendu-Weber disease 309 out-patient angioplasty management - diagnostic work-up 287 - follow-up management 288-290 - procedure 288 oxygen pressure, transcutaneous 573

P palmar arch. superficial 595 Palmaz stent 45, 58, 59, 409, 417,460,

462,532,535,550 palpation, pulse 12 paraaortic diseases 401-419 paraplegia 191 Passager 45,64, 65 PAT (percutaneous aspiration throm-

bectomy) 56,57,433,454 patient care, quality 295 patient positioning 170 PDAB (patent ductus arteriosus) 300,

301 PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)

29,30-32 pelvic artery obliteration, interventio-

nal treatment 526 Perflex 45 perforater veins - insufficient 649-651 - ligatur 679 perforation insufficiency, radiological

symptoms 273 perforation - aortocaval 349 - traumatic atllrtic perforation

360-362 perfusion rates 90 periarteritis nodosa 485 peri-scanning 178 perivision 177 peroneal artery 574 phlebitis saltans 486 phlebodynamometry 652,653,680 phlebogram, digital 276 phlebography 649 - advantages I disadvantages 279 - alternative procedures 642 - arm I shoulder veins 275,276 - ascending leg phlebography 653-655 - ascending press 8 - B-mode ultrasound 232 - complications 276,277,639,640 - contraindications 653 - equipment 27l - functional aspect 656 - indications 277-279,653 - leg I pelvic veins 272,273 - orthostatic 272 - results 655 - sources of error 273-275 - technique 27l, 272, 653 - vein surgery 680

phlebothrombosis 635 - risk factors 641 phlegmasia coerulea dolens 584 photopletysmography 687 physician, primary-care 119 plantar claudication 487 plaque - atheromatous 19 - morphology 225 plasty, patch 341 platelet - accumulation 445 - function inhibitors 115 plethysmography 680

705

pneumatic compression, intermittent 690

POBA (plain old ballon angioplasty) 44-50,56,544,545

polyaneurysmatic dysplasia 363 polycythemia 509 polyp-removal forceps 551 popliteal artery disease - acute embolic occlusion 559, 560 - adventitial cystic disease 560, 561 - anatomy I variation 559 - aneurysm 560 - arteriosclerotic stenoses I occlusion

560 - balloon angioplasty 563 - categories 563 - compression syndromes 561,562 - interventional radiology 562,567,

568 - stent 564, 565 popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

492-494 postischemic syndrome 428 post-thrombotic syndrome 662 POVD (see vascular diseases, peri-

pheraloclusive) power Doppler imaging 222,227 premedication, intraarterial 593 pressure curve 46 pressure injector 44 prostaglandine 31,587 Prostar 41 prostheses 338-341 proteinuria 163 pseudo aneurysm 458 PSS (progressive systemic scleroderma)

490,491 PTA (percutaneous transluminal angio-

plasty) 49 - adjunctive treatment 49,50 - angioscopic vascular results 251 - basic information 36-38 - brachial arteries 607-615 - combined 56 - objectives 41 - POBA (plain old ballon angioplasty)

44-50,56,544,545 - prerequisites 290 - procedure 40,41 - stent (see there) - technical equipment 41-57 PTFE-prostheses 338-341,461,462 PTRD (percutaneous transluminal

706

renal dilatation) 410 - blood pressure response 418 - complications 417,419 - organization 415 - results 416,417 - technique 415 - trans axillary 412 pull-back atherectomy 51-53 - results 53 pulmonaryambolism 635 pulse-spray infusion 452 puncture-hole occluding system / clo-

sure device 41,132,366 pushability 145

Q quality of life 529 quantification, CT angiography 217

R radial artery 595 radiation - intravascular 552 - protection 171,184-189 radiofocus 55 radiology, interventional (IR), peri-

pheral vascular diseases 35-100 - advantages 36 - angioplasty (see there) - history 38-40 - steps 36 radionuclide macro aggregates, av-shunt

311 radiotherapy 516 RAT (rotational aspiration thrombec­

tomy) 433,440 Raynaud's syndrome 490,504,505,

627,628 receiver operator characteristics (ROC)

231 recommendations 26,27 reconstruction - endovascular 371-391 - - contraindications 379 - vascular 337 Redha atherectomy 51,53 - results 54 renal vein sampling 412 report 192-199 - standard forms 199 restenosis 32,33,38, 52, 533 - pathophysiology 113 - predictive factors 113,114 - prevention 552 - - pharmacologic 114-116 retinopathia 25 retrieval instrument, intravscular 531 rhabdomyolysis 584 Riolan's collateral pathway 336,404 rippling sign 488 risk coefficients 188, 189 risk faktors, atherosclerosis 23-25 risk profile, cardiovascular 12' road mapping 171,563 roentgen angiography 13

- access, arteries / veins 126-137 - complications - - general 191 - - incidence 189 - -local 190,191 - contrast media (see there) - film changer 173,174 - history 124-126 - imaging system 126 - imaging equipment 168-184 - materials 138-147 Roos test 491 Rotacs-system 55,545 Rutherford - categories 69,529,542,573 - scale 529

S saphenous vein 649 - insufficiency 273 - varicosis 657 scalenus muscles, hypertrophy 491 scleroderma, progressive systemic

(PSS) 490,491,630 sclerotherapy 684, 688 SCVIR Syllabus 66 sedatives 111 serotonin 29 shaded surface display 203,213 shaft materials 47 shaggy aorta 586 shear stress 21 sheaths 42,140,143,144 shunt, arteriovenous, quantification

311,312 Simpson atherectomy 51 - steps 52 Sinus stent 45, 60 skip lesions 487 SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus)

490,491 smart stent 45 smooth muscle cells, vascular (VSMC)

19,29-32 snow-plug phenomen 46 sonography, ultrasound / duplex 15,

16,642,680 - advantages / disadvantages 279 Sos dilatation catheter 46,47 spasmolytics 112 spatial resolution 179 spectral Doppler 221 spinal cord stimulation 82 spiral CT angiography 16,201-217 spontaneous information 117 standing-wave pattern 488 Stanford type 356-359 stationary waves 489 stenosis, arterial - angiography 20 - aortic stenosis (see there) - bifurcational 530 - calcified 206 - concentric regular / excentric irregu-

lar 14 - degree 193

Subject Index

- histology 20 - isolated 67 -lesions, type A / type B / type C 193 - ostial 407, 408 - postostial 407 - posttransplantational 412 - renal artery 407,409 - - diagnosis 410-412 - superior mesenteric artery 406 - types 469 stent, vascular 57-66,372,532-538 - anticoagulation 63 - ballon-expandable 58,531 - clinical results 62, 63 - complications 62 - components 374 - covered stents 63-66, 464 - definition 57 - duplex scanning 385 - endoscopic findings 252 - endothelization 58 - failure 58 - general considerations 550 - implantation 382, 383 - indications 550 - material 58 - modular grafts 374 - primary 49 - selection 49 - single unit stent grafts 375 - table 45 - temporary 551,552 - vascular access 380 - venous circulation - - adjunctive medication 670 - - indications / contraindications

669,670 - - malignant venous obstruction

671-673 - - selection 670 - - vena cava / large veins, benign

obstruction 673,674 stochastic radiation effects 187-189 Strecker stent 45,58,59,532, 532, 550,

551 streptokinase treatment 70,165,445 - short-term ultrahigh (UHSK)

447-449 stress tests 518 string of beads 543 stripping 679 subclavian arterial diseases 591 - anatomy / variations 593-599 - obliteration 599 - stenting 61,617 - - indication 617 - - perspectives 621, 622 - - results 618-621 - - technique 617,618 subclavian artery stenosis 608 - stent-PTA 621 - tandem stenosis 619 subclavian steal syndrome 591,599,

600 supraaortic diseases, bilateral 603 surgery, venous / fascial 688 sympathectomy, operative 79

Subject Index

sympathicolysis - complications 82 - CT-guided 79 - effect 80, 81 - indications, principles 79,80 -local 80 - results 81, 82 - technique 80,81 Symphony stent 45,58,60,61 syndromes' diseases (names only) - Budd-Chiary syndrome 669 - Buerger's disease 474,485-490,630 - Leriche's syndrome 521 - Marfan's syndrome 355 - May-Thurner syndrome 669,673,674 - Ortner's syndrome 403-406 - Osler's disease 510 - Osler-Rendu-Weber disease 309 - Raynaud's syndrome 490,504,505,

627,628 - Tourniquet syndrome 427 syringe 46

T Takayasu angiitis 334,605 tantalum 58 TEC (transluminal endarterectomy

catheter) 54, 55 Teflon catheter, single 37 telecommunication 180 tensile stress 21 Terumo guidewire 142 thermography 687 thoracic outlet syndrome 491,492,

605,606 thrombangiitis obliterans 485-490 - angiographic symptoms 488 - differential diagnosis 487 Thrombectomat 442 thrombectomy 645,646 - percutaneous aspiration (PAT) 56,

57,433,454 - rotational aspiration (RAT) 433,440 thrombembolism 226 - angioscopic findings 250 - clinic 426 - risk factors 645 thrombocytes 641 - aggregation inhibitors 532 thrombocythemia 509,510 thrombocytopenia, heparin -induced

423,424 thromboembolectomy, aspiration 56 thromboembolic complications 151 thromboendarterectomy 555 thrombolysis - catheter-guided 451 - control angiography 520 -local 451-453 - - contraindications 455 - mechanical 433-441 - pharmacological 445-450 - - agents 70 - - dosage 452,453 - - intraarterial 68 - - low-dose 69 - - systemic 68

thrombolytic treatment, systemic 336 thrombosis - deep vein 227,635 - - consequences 642-644 - - differential diagnoses 639 - - pathogenesis 640,641 - - radiologic symptomatology, leg vein

637-639 - - procedure 636,637 - - thrombosis 645 - - ultrasound criteria 227 - effort thrombosis 605 - extremity arteries - - angiography 432,433 - - definition' incidence 431 - - diagnoses, clinical' differential

431,432 - - imaging, postoperative 433,434 - - vascular surgery 433 - par effort 277 thromboxane 29,31 thrombus aspiration device - indication 436-440 - materials 436 - principle 435,436 thrombus 57 - floating 645 - fragmentation 441,442 - infiltration 452 thyreotoxicoses, prevention 152 tibialis anterior syndrome 495 tibiofibular artery disease - anatomy' variations 571,572 - interventional radiology 576-578 - obliteration, incidence 572, 573 - single' multivessel disease 574-576 ticlopidine 114, 115 tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) 70,

165 TOF (time of flight angiography) 261 tournique tests 648 Tourniquet syndrome 427 trackability 145, 146 transparent technique 469 trash-foot syndrome 586,587 trauma - arterial 463,464 - chronic vibration trauma 498 triaden operation 529 triglyceride 12 Tiibinger study 7 turbulent flow 22,591

U UHSK (short-term ultrahigh strepto-

kinase treatment) 447-449 ulcer, leg 658 - definition' epidemiology 683 - diagnostics 686-688 - differential diagnosis 683 - dressing 692,693 - non-vascular 685 - therapy 688-692 ulcus cruris 6 - arteriosum 684, 685 - mixtum 685 - venosum 684

ulnar occlusion 601 ultrasound angiography 219-242,

458 - qualitative diagnostics 223-228 - quantitative' functional measure-

ment 228-230 - screening 236-238 - significance of disease 231-235 ultrasound, intravascular - balloon angioplasty 240,241 - clinical use 238-240 - technique 238 uric acid 12 urokinase 70, 165,578

V Vallbracht system (Rotacs) 55,545 Valsalva's maneuver 649 van Andel dilatation catheter 46 Vanguard-endovascular graft 65 varices 7 - asymptomatic 6 - recurrence 658 varicoceles 235 varicography 654 varicosis, primary - classification 681 - clinical findings 648 - complications 6 - definition 647,648 - prophylaxis' therapy 657 - recurrence 681 - topography 648-651 vascular center - common patient base 292 - complementary skills 292,293 - development factors 291,292 - emerging technologies, common

interest 293,294 - leadership 295,296

707

vascular dilatation (see angioplasty) vascular diseases, peripheral oclusive

(POVD) 3 - asymptomatic 5 - classification 528, 529 - definition 4 - incidence, prevalence 4-7 - report 192, 193 - standards 292 vascular injuries - stable patients 457 - treatment 458-465 - unstable patients 457 vasodilators 112, 113 vasogenetic impotence 235 Vasoseal 41 vasospastic syndromes 503, 504 vena cava, inferior 274 vena cava syndrome 671,672 venous diseases - age-distribution 8 - chronic insufficiency 6 - classification 13 - complications 7 - discomfort 7 - incidence 6, 7

708

venous surgery - diagnostic imaging / functional

evaluation 679,680 - general aspects 679 - phlebographic information 680,681 Venturi effect - indications / results 441, 442 - material 441 - principle 441 viscosity, blood 23 volume rendering technique 203,

213-216

volume scanning 201 vortex effect 440 VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cells)

19,29-32

W walking distance, painless 528 Wallstent 45,58,59,417,532,537,550,

670,674 wave contour, velocity 229,230,237 white clot syndrome 423

Subject Index

windowing 179,180 Winslow's collateral pathway 336,605

X X-ray tube 172

Z Zeitler dilatation catheter 46 zoom operation 175

List of Contributors

ERNST AMANN, Dr. lug. Abteilungsdirektor c/o Siemens AG Medizinische Technik Henkestrasse 127 D-91052 Erlangen Germany

address for correspondence: Giebelbachstrasse 15 D-88131 Lindau/B Germany

D. C. BAUMGART, MD Georgetown University Hospital Department of Medicine 3800 Resevoir Rd NW Washington DC 20007-2197 USA

A. BECK, Professor, Dr. med., Dr. theol. Klinikum Konstanz Institut fUr Riintgendiagnostik und Nuklearmedizin D-78461 Konstanz Germany

GARY J. BECKER, MD Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute 8900 North Kendall Drive Miami, FL 33176 USA

H. BERGER, MD Professor, Institut fUr Riintgendiagnostik der Technischen UniversWit Miinchen Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger StralSe 22 D-81675 Miinchen Germany

S.A. BEYER-ENKE, MD Institut fUr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Klinikum Nord Flurstrasse 17 D-90340 Niirnberg Germany

UWE BOTTCHER, PhD Siemens AG Medizinische Technik MedMRA HenkestralSe 127 D-91052 Erlangen Germany

DANIEL COLUMBIER, MD Department of Radiology CHU Rangueill Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

KLAUS DETMAR, MD Institut fiir Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Klinikum Nord FlurstralSe 17 D-90340 Niirnberg Germany

DAI-Do Do,MD Angiologische Abteilung Inselspital CH-3010 Bern Switzerland

JOCHEN FERNHOLZ; MD Professor, Head of Department of Radiology SUidtisches Klinikum MoltkestralSe 90 D-76133 Karlsruhe Germany

T. FRITZSCHE, MD Universitatsklinikum der Humboldt­Universitat zu Berlin Campus Charite MiHe Klinik fUr Anasthesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin SchumannstralSe 20/21 D-101l7 Berlin Germany

K.GALL,MD Hautklinik Klinikum-Nord Prof.-Ernst -Nathan-Str.l D-90419 Niirnberg Germany

WALTER GRoss-FENGELS,MD Professor, Abteilung fUr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie GefalS-Centrum Hamburg-Harburg (GCH) Allgemeines Krankenhaus Harburg EilSendorfer Pferdeweg 52 D-2I075 Hamburg Germany

710

PETER HEILBERGER, MD Klinik fUr GefaBchirurgie Stadtisches Klinikum Sud Breslauer StraBe 201 D-90471 Nurnberg Germany

R. HILDEBRANDT, MD Institut fUr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Klinikum Nord FlurstraBe 17 D-90340 Nurnberg Germany

B.HOLIK,MD Praxis Drs. Holik-Frank-Meusel-Liisch Wetterkreuz 21 D-91058 Erlangen-Tennenlohe Germany

KALMAN HUTTL, MD Department of Vascular Surgery Semmelweis Medical University Varosmajor u. 68. H-Budapest 1122 Hungary

FRANCIS JOFFRE, MD Department of Radiology CHU Rangueil 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

BARRY T. KATZEN MD Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute 8900 North Kendall Drive Miami, FL 33176 USA

W. KRAUSE, MD Professor ScheringAG Contrast Media Research Muellerstrasse 170-178 D-13342 Berlin Germany

J. LAMMER, MD Professor, Universitatsklinik fUr Radiodiagnostik Klinische Abteilung fUr Angiographie und Interventionelle Radiologie Wahringer Gurtell8-120 A-1190 Vienna Austria

P.LEGER,MD Department of Cardiovascular Surgery CHU Rangueill Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

List of Contributors

DIETER LIERMANN, MD Professor, Direktor der Klinik fUr Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin Universitatsklinikum der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum­Marienhospital Hiilkeskampring 40 D-44625 Herne Germany

W.LOSCH,MD Praxis Drs. Holik-Frank-Meusel-Liisch Wetterkreuz 21 D-91058 Erlangen-Tennenlohe Germany

DIRK A. LOOSE, Dr. med. habil. Professor, Zentrum fUr GefaBmedizin Abteilung fUr Angiologie und GefaBchirurgie der chirurgischen Klinik Dr. Guth J urgensallee 44 D-22609 Hamburg Germany

R. LOOSE, MD, PhD Institut fur Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Klinikum Nord FlurstraBe 17 D-90340 Nurnberg Germany

THOMAS F. LUSCHER, MD Division of Cardiology University Hospital Zurich Ramistrasse 100 CH -8091 Zurich Switzerland

FELIX MAHLER, MD Professor, Angiologische Abteilung Inselspital CH-3010 Bern Switzerland

M. MARTIN, MD Professor Angiologische Praxis Klinikum Duisburg Zu den Rehwiesen 9 D-47055 Duisburg Germany

K. MATHIAS, MD Stadtische Kliniken Radiologische Klinik BeurhausstraBe 40 D-44137 Dortmund Germany

R. MOLLER, MD Hautklinik Klinikum-Nord Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str.l D-90419 Nurnberg Germany

List of Contributors

M. MUCK-WEYMANN, MD Klinik und Poliklinik fUr Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin Technische Universitat Dresden FetscherstraBe 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany

TAKAO OHKI, MD Division of Vascular Surgery Montefiore Medical Center 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467 USA

F. OLBERT, MD Professor of Radiology Department of Radiodiagnostics Clinical Department of Angiography and Interventional Radiology General Hospital Wahringer Giirtel18-20 A-1090 Vienna Austria

M. OLDENDORF, MD Institut fUr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Klinikum Nord Flurstrsse 17 D-90340 Niirnberg Germany

PHILIPPE OTAL, MD Department of Radiology CHU Rangueil1 Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

EBERHARD PAUL, MD Professor Leitender Arzt der Hautklinik Klinikum-Nord Prof.-Ernst -Nathan-Str. 1 D-90419 Niirnberg Germany

PIERRE PERREAULT, MD Department of Radiology CHU Rangueil 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

PETER PICKEL, MD Institut fUr Riintgendiagnostik der Technischen Universitat Miinchen Klinikum rechts der Isar Ismaninger StraBe 22 D-81675 Miinchen Germany

T. Pollack, MD Radiologic Clinic Stadtisches Klinikum Dresden-Friedrichstadt Friedrichstrasse 41 D-01067 Dresden Germany

D. RAITHEL, MD Professor Klinik fUr GefaBchirurgie Stadtisches Klinikum Siid Breslauer StraBe 201 D-90471 Niirnberg Germany

E.-IRIS RICHTER, MD Department of Riintgendiagnostic Klinikum Niirnberg Nord Flurstrasse 17 D-90340 Niirnberg Germany

address for correspondence: Heynestr. 41, Niirnberg

W. RITTER, MD Institut fUr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie Breslauer StraBe 201 D-90471 Niirnberg Germany

P. ROMANIUK, MD Charite - Humboldt Universitat Institut fUr Riintgendiagnostik SchumannstraBe 20/21 D-10098 Berlin Germany

HERVE ROUSSEAU, MD Professor, Department of Radiology CHU Rangueil 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

T. SCHMIDT, PhD Institut fUr Medizinische Physik Klinikum Niirnberg Flurstrasse 17 D-90340 Niirnberg Germany

C. SCHUNN, MD Klinik fiir GefaBchirurgie Stadtisches Klinikum Siid Breslauer StraBe 201 D-90471 Niirnberg Germany

PHILIPPE SOULA, MD Department of Cardiovascular Surgery CHU Rangueil1 Avenue Jean Poulhes F-31054 Toulouse France

711

712

F. STOSSLEIN, MD Radiologic Clinic Stadtisches Klinikum Dresden -Friedrichstadt Friedrichstrasse 41 D-OI067 Dresden Germany

ULRIKE SZEIMIES, MD Institut fUr Radiologische Diagnostik Kernspintomographie Klinikum Innenstadt - Universitat Munchen Ziemssenstrasse 1 D-80336 Munchen Germany

Dr. med. FELIX C. TANNER Cardiovascular Research University Zurich-Irchel CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland

FRANK J. VEITH, MD Chief of Vascular Surgical Service Montefiore Medical Center 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467-2490 USA

ULRICH VOSS, MD Professor, Head of Department of Vascular Surgey Stadtisches Klinikum MoltkestraBe 90 D-76133 Karlsruhe Germany

KAI-UWE WAGENHOFER, MD Abteilung fUr Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie GefaB-Centrum Hamburg-Harburg (GCH) Allgemeines Krankenhaus Harburg EiBendorfer pferdeweg 52 D-21075 Hamburg Germany

HANS-JOACHIM WAGNER, MD Abteilung Strahlendiagnostik Klinikum der Philipps-Universitat Baldingerstrasse D-35033 Marburg Germany

JURGEN WEBER, MD Professor, Institut fUr Riintgendiagnostik und Interventionelle Radiologie DRK -Krankehaus Suurheid 20 D-22559 Hamburg-Rissen Germany

DAVID M. WILLIAMS, MD Associate Professor of Radiology University Hospitals BI-D530 1500 East Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0030 USA

M. WUCHERER, PhD Institut fUr Medizinische Physik Klinikum Nurnberg Flurstrasse 17 D-90340 Nurnberg Germany

EBERHARD ZEITLER, MD Professor University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany

address for correspondence: VirchowstraBe 13 D-90409 Nurnberg Germany

CH.L. ZOLLIKOFER, MD Department of Radiology Kantonsspital Winterthur CH-8401 Winterthur Switzerland

List of Contributors

DIAGNOSTIC

IMAGING

Innovations in Diagnostic Imaging Edited by J.H. Anderson

Radiology of the Upper Urinary Tract Edited by E.K. Lang

The Thymus - Diagnostic Imaging, Functions, and Pathologic Anatomy Edited by E. Walter, E. Willich, and W.R. Webb

Interventional Neuroradiology Edited by A. Valavanis

Radiology of the Pancreas Edited by A.1. Baert, co-edited by G. Delorme

Radiology of the Lower Urinary Tract Edited by E.K. Lang

Magnetic Resonance Angiography Edited by LP. Arlart, G.M. Bongartz, and G. Marchal

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Spiral CT of the Chest Edited by M. Remy-Jardin and J. Remy

Radiological Diagnosis of Breast Diseases Edited by M. Friedrich and E.A. Sickles

Radiology of the Trauma Edited by M. Heller and A. Fink

Biliary Tract Radiology Edited by P. Rossi

Radiological Imaging of Sports Injuries Edited by C. Masciocchi

Modern Imaging of the Alimentary Tube Edited by A. R. Margulis

Diagnosis and Therapy of Spinal Tumors Edited by P. R. Algra, J. Valk, and J. J. Heimans

Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Edited by J. F. Debatin and G. Adam

Abdominal and Pelvic MRI Edited by A. Heuck and M. Reiser

Orthopedic Imaging Techniques and Applications Edited by A.M. Davies and H. Pettersson

Radiology of the Female Pelvic Organs Edited by E.K.Lang

Magnetic Resonance of the Heart and Great Vessels Clinical Applications Edited by J. Bogaert, A. J. Duerinckx, and F. E. Rademakers

Modern Head and Neck Imaging Edited by S. K. Mukherji and J. A. Castelijns

Radiological Imaging of Endocrine Diseases Edited by J. N. Bruneton in collaboration with B. Padovani and M.-Y. Mourou

Trends in Contrast Media Edited by H. S. Thomsen, R. N. Muller, and R. F. Mattrey

Functional MRI Edited by C. T. W. Moonen and P. A. Bandettini

Radiology of the Pancreas 2nd Revised Edition Edited by A. 1. Baert Co-edited by G. Delorme and 1. Van Hoe

Radiology of Peripheral Vilscular Diseases Edited by E. Zeitler

Emergency Pediatric Radiology Edited by H. Carty

Spiral a of the Abdomen Edited by F. Terrier, M. Grossholz, and C. Becker

Liver Malignancies Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Edited by C. Bartolozzi and R. Lencioni

Medical Imaging of the Spleen Edited by A. M. De Schepper and F. Vanhoenacker

Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Edited by C. Schiepers

Springer

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Lung Cancer Edited by C.W. Scarantino

Innovations in Radiation Oncology Edited by H.R. Withers and L.J. Peters

Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Cancer Edited by G.E. Laramore

Gastrointestinal Cancer - Radiation Therapy Edited by R.R. Dobelbower, Jr.

Radiation Exposure and Occupational Risks Edited by E. Scherer, C. Streffer, and K.-R. Trott

Radiation Therapy of Benign Diseases - A Clinical Guide S.E. Order and S.S. Donaldson

Interventional Radiation Therapy Techniques - Brachytherapy Edited by R. Sauer

Radiopathology of Organs and Tissues Edited by E. Scherer, C. Streffer, and K.-R. Trott

Concomitant Continuous Infusion Chemotherapy and Radiation Edited by M. Rotman and C.J. Rosenthal

Intraoperative Radiotherapy -Clinical Experiences and Results Edited by EA. Calvo, M. Santos, and L.w. Brady

MEDICAL RADIOLOGY Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology

Titles in the series already published

Radiotherapy of Intraocular and Orbital Tumors Edited by W.E. Alberti and R.H. Sagerman

Interstitial and Intracavitary Thermoradiotherapy Edited by M.H. Seegenschmiedt and R. Sauer

Non-Disseminated Breast Cancer Controversial Issues in Management Edited by G.H. Fletcher and S.H. Levitt

Current Topics in Clinical Radiobiology of Tumors Edited by H.-P. Beck-Bornholdt

Practical Approaches to Cancer Invasion and Metastases A Compendium of Radiation Oncologists' Responses to 40 Histories Edited by A.R. Kagan with the Assistance of R.J. Steckel

Radiation Therapy in Pediatric Oncology Edited by J.R. Cassady

Radiation Therapy Physics Edited by A.R. Smith Late Sequelae in Oncology Edited by J. Dunst and R. Sauer

Mediastinal Tumors. Update 1995 Edited by D.E. Wood and C.R. Thomas, Jr.

Thermoradiotherapy and Thermochemotherapy

Volume 1:

Biology, Physiology, and Physics

Volume 2: Clinical Applications Edited by M.H. Seegenschmiedt, P. Fessenden, and c.c. Vernon

Carcinoma of the Prostate Innovations in Management Edited by Z. Petrovich, 1. Baert, and L.w. Brady

Radiation Oncology of Gynecological Cancers Edited by H.W. Vahrson

Carcinoma of the Bladder Innovations in Management Edited by Z. Petrovich, 1. Baert, and L.W. Brady

Blood Perfusion and Microenvironment of Human Tumors Implications for Clinical Radiooncology Edited by M. Molls and P. Vaupel

Radiation Therapy of Benign Diseases. A Clinical Guide 2nd Revised Edition S.E. Order and S.S. Donaldson

Carcinoma of the Kidney and Testis, and Rare Urologic Malignancies Innovations in Management Edited by Z. Petrovich, 1. Baert, and L.w. Brady

Progress and Perspectives in the Treatment of Lung Cancer Edited by P. Van Houtte, J. Klastersky, and P. Rocmans

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