APPENDIX A – List of Tables

Table 1. Concentration of working standard Cu (II) solution with respective volume of working standard solutionTable 2. Absorbance at certain concentrations of standard Cu (II) solution

APPENDIX B – List of Figures

Figure 1. Block diagram illustrating the components of a single-beam UV-Visible SpectrophotometerFigure 2. Calibration curve

APPENDIX C – Working Equations

Concentration of Standard Cu(II) = 2500 ppmx V working standard solution

V Total

Best fit line= y = (2.357x10-4)x – (9.524x10-5) or x = y+(9.524×10−5)2.357×10−4

where y = A = absorbance of the solutionm = ab = absorptivity x path length

x = c = concentration of solutionb = y-intercept

Concentration of Stock Sample Cu(II) = x = y+(9.524×10−5)2.357×10−4

APPENDIX D –Calculations

Calibration CurveV of Working Std Soln, mL Conc of Std Cu(II), ppm Absorbance

2.00 100 0.0244.00 200 0.1466.00 300 0.0718.00 400 0.094

10.00 500 0.118

Concentration of Standard Cu(II) = 2500 ppmx 2.00mL

50mL= 100 ppm

Concentration of Standard Cu(II) = 2500 ppm x 4.00mL

50mL= 200 ppm

Concentration of Standard Cu(II) = 2500 ppm x 6.00mL

50mL= 300 ppm

Concentration of Standard Cu(II) = 2500 ppmx 8.00mL

50mL= 400 ppm

Concentration of Standard Cu(II) = 2500 ppmx 10.00mL

50mL= 500 ppm

Sample AnalysisTrial Absorbance Conc of Stock Sample Cu(II), ppm

1 0.085 361.03

Concentration of Unknown Stock Sample Cu(II) = x = 0.085+(9.524×10−5)

2.357×10−4 = 361.03 ppm