appendix f4.11 geologic unit summaries, hazard areas, and ......appendix f4.11 geologic unit...

Appendix F4.11

Geologic Unit Summaries, Hazard Areas, and Boring Locations

Appendix F4.11 Geologic Unit Summaries and Hazard Areas

East Link Project Final EIS F4.11-1 July 2011

TABLE F4.11-1 Summary of Geologic Units and their Engineering Properties

Geologic Unit (Map Symbol) Description General Constructability

Density and/orHardness Strength Permeability

Liquefaction Potential a

Modified land (m) b

or

or

Fill and/or graded natural deposits that obscure or alter the original deposit

Varying, depending on whether nonengineered or engineered; poor foundation support and potentially poor cut stability if nonengineered, depending on composition and density and/or hardness of material; excellent foundation support and cut stability if engineered

Very soft to stiff or very loose to

dense Potentially low Variable Potentially high

Mass wastage (Qmw) or

Colluvium, soil, landslide debris, and organic matter; common below springs where peaty deposits are also present; mapped on steep slopes; deposits, both mapped and unmapped, include abundant landslides up to 500 feet long

Poor foundation support, poor cut stability

Loose to dense and soft to stiff;

variable degree of consolidation, depending on

material in colluvium and its

coherency

Potentially low Variable Potentially high

Landslide (Qls)

Blocks of surficial deposits transported downslope en masse by gravity; numerous unmapped areas of both landslide and related mass-wastage deposits occur along slopes; landslide terrain, often including benches that slope back into the hillside and have wetlands and peat deposits

Poor foundation support, poor cut stability, potential for additional slide movement

Very loose to very dense or soft to hard; variable

degree of consolidation, depending on

material coherency


Wetland deposits (Qw)

Organic-rich sediment, peat, and fine-grained alluvium, poorly drained and intermittently wet; not all deposits mapped

Poor foundation support, poor cut stability, high occurrence of groundwater, wet-weather sensitive, poor soils for reuse as engineered fill due to wet conditions and a high fines and organic content

Very soft to medium stiff or very loose to

medium dense


Tideflat deposits (Qtf)

Silt, sand, organic sediment, and detritus, with some shells, historically exposed in broad coastal benches at low tide and now covered with fill

Poor foundation support, poor cut stability, high occurrence of groundwater, wet-weather sensitive, poor soils to reuse as engineered fill due to wet conditions and generally a high fines content

Very loose to dense or very soft

to stiff Potentially low Variable Potentially high

Appendix F4.11 Geologic Unit Summaries and Hazard Areas

F4.11-2 East Link Project Final EIS July 2011

TABLE F4.11-1 CONTINUED Summary of Geologic Units and their Engineering Properties

Geologic Unit (Map Symbol) Description General Constructability

Density and/orHardness Strength Permeability

Liquefaction Potential a

Younger alluvium (Qyal)

Silt, sand, gravel, and cobbles deposited by streams and running water; locally contains soft peat lenses

Poor to good foundation support, depending on composition, density and/or hardness, and construction type; some soils might be wet-weather sensitive; some soils might be suitable for reuse as engineered fill, depending on amount of fines content; poor where peat materials occur

Loose to dense or soft to stiff

Low to medium Variable

Potentially high

Lake deposits (Ql)

Silt and clay with local sand layers, peat, and other organic sediments deposited into Lake Washington; most mapped areas are lake-bottom sediments exposed when Lake Washington was lowered in 1916; at many locations, the lake deposits are thin and overlie a dense substrate; commonly capped by fill to improve building sites

Poor foundation support; poor cut stability; high groundwater occurrence; wet-weather sensitive; poor soils for reuse as engineered fill due to wet conditions and a high fines content

Very soft to medium stiff or very loose to

medium dense

Potentially low Low Potentially high

Vashon recessional outwash deposits (Qvr)

Layered sand and gravel, deposited in outwash channels of melting glaciers during the ice retreat; also includes deposits that accumulated in or adjacent to recessional lakes; deposits less than about 3 feet thick not shown on map

Good foundation support and cut stability when undisturbed; potential groundwater occurrence; soils suitable for reuse as engineered fill

Loose to dense Low to medium Medium Potentially

high

Vashon recessional lacustrine deposits (Qvrl)

Thinly layered silt and clay with local sand layers, peat, and other organic sediments, deposited in slow-flowing water and temporary lakes

Poor to good foundation support and cut stability, depending on composition, density and/or hardness, and construction type; wet-weather sensitive; poor soils for reuse as engineered fill due to high fines content

Very soft to stiff Medium Low Low to medium

Vashon till (Qvt)

Compact mixture of silt, sand, and gravel, glacially transported and deposited under ice; contains layers of sand and gravel; cobbles are common; upper 3 feet of till generally weathered and only medium dense to dense

Excellent foundation support and stable cuts when undisturbed; low groundwater occurrence; wet-weather sensitive; soils suitable for reuse as engineered fill depending on moisture content

Dense to very dense; sand

commonly less dense

High Low Low

Vashon advance outwash (Qva)

Sand and gravel deposited by streams from advancing ice sheet; silt lenses locally present in upper part and common in lower part

Excellent foundation support and stable cuts when undisturbed, unless below the water table or exposed to water; potentially high groundwater occurrence; soils suitable for reuse as engineered fill

Dense to very dense High

c High Low

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0 0.25 Miles§Exhibit F4.11-1Surficial GeologySegment A, SeattleEast Link Project

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Segment BSegment A

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0 0.25 Miles§Exhibit F4.11-2Surficial GeologySegment A - Mercer IslandEast Link Project

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Source: Data digitized from GeomapNW at the University of Washington (2007); King County (2006).

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ú Proposed StationMaintenance FacilityCity Limits 0 0.5 Miles§

Source: Data from City of Bellevue (2005) and King County (2006).Exhibit F4.11-4Suficial GeologySegment D/EEast Link Project




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0 1 Miles §Exhibit F4.11-5 Geologic Hazard Areas Segment AEast Link Project

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Peat Settlement Prone Area (City of Seattle) ú Proposed Station!!

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Source: Data from City of Seattle (2003), City of Bellevue (2003), King County (2006), and Sound Transit (2007).Low to Moderate Liquefaction Hazard (Bellevue & Mercer Island)Moderate to High Liquefaction Hazard (Bellevue & Mercer Island)Peat (Bellevue & Mercer Island)




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ú Proposed StationCity Limits

0 0.5 Mile §Source: Data from City of Bellevue (2003), City of Redmond (2007), and King County (2003 and 2006).




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0 1 Mile§Exhibit F4.11-7Existing Soil BoringsSegments A,B,C,D, and EEast Link Project!(

Existing Soil Boring Within the Alternative and Maintenance Facility Right-of-WayEast Link Proposed Alternative

!! Central Link Alignment and Station

Source: Data from GeoMapNW at the University of Washington (2007), Sound Transit (2007), and King County (2006).

Geologic Unit Summaries, Hazard Areas, and Boring LocationsTABLE F4.11-1 Summary of Geologic Units and their Engineering Properties

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/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice

appendix f4.11 geologic unit summaries, hazard areas, and ......appendix f4.11 geologic unit...

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