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Page 1: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study

Page 2: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

AndersonEngineeringInc.com 2045 W. Woodland, Springfield, Missouri 65807 • Phone: 417.866.2741  •  E‐mail: [email protected] 

        September 20, 2018  City Utilities of Springfield (CU) Attn: Mr. Ted Salveter, Mr. Mark Haden P.O. Box 551 Springfield, MO 65801  

Re:     Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill      James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705     S. Kissick Ave, Springfield, Missouri 

  Anderson Engineering Project #18SP40030  Gentlemen,  Attached is the report for this project.  Should you have any questions regarding the report, please give me or John Snider a call.   Thank you for the opportunity to be of service.     Sincerely,  ANDERSON ENGINEERING, INC.                       by                

 ____________________________ John T. Snider, P.E. VP/Principal Geotechnical Engineer   Enclosures  [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]   [email protected]   

  

   

Page 3: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

  

 

 

 

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill 

James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield, Missouri 

   

September 20, 2018   

PREPARED BY:  ANDERSON ENGINEERING, INC. 

2045 WEST WOODLAND SPRINGFIELD, MISOURI 65807 

417‐866‐2741  

811 EAST THIRD STREET JOPLIN, MISSOURI 64801 

  417‐782‐7399  

  

Anderson Engineering WO #18SP40030 

 

         

______________________________        ______________________________ John T. Snider, P.E.            Cody R. White, P.E. VP/Principal Geotechnical Engineer        Construction Testing Manager    

9/20/2018 

Page 4: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

    

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                                                                             INTRODUCTION‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐1    

TECHNICAL APPROACH‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐1     

WORK PERFORMED‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐2   

   ON‐SITE BORINGS‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐2                     LABORATORY TESTING‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐3         

GEOLOGY OF THE SITE‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐4 

GENERAL SITE CONDITIONS‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐4 

ASH FILL AND PERIMETER SUBGRADE CHARACTERISTICS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐6 

GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐8 

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐8 

ADDITIONAL ENGINEERING ANALYSES ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐11  

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐12        

       LIMITATIONS‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐14  

APPENDIX I‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐   SITE LOCATION 

SURVEY CROSS SECTIONS BORING LOCATION SKETCH 

   

APPENDIX II‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐   BORING LOG LEGEND   UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM   BORING LOGS 

APPENDIX III‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐  IMPORTANT INFORMATION CONCERNING   YOUR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING REPORT 

Page 5: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 1

INTRODUCTION: 

 

This report presents the results of a geotechnical investigation of the existing utility waste landfill (UWL) 

at  the  James  River  Power  Station  (JRPS)  in  Springfield, Missouri.    The  investigation  consists  of  slope 

stability studies for the UWL at JRPS.  Currently the Southern and Southeastern ends of the landfill have 

slopes that are steeper than 3 H to 1 V at the lower part of the slope; and 3 H to 1 V or flatter at the 

upper part of the slope. The investigation also included slope stability analyses of the complete buildout 

of  the UWL to the final permitted contours allowed under Permit Number 707705  issued by the Solid 

Waste Management  Program  of  the Missouri  Department  of  Natural  Resources  (MDNR).    A  current 

topographic map of the UWL is included as Appendix I.   

 

The  investigation  was  performed  for  City  of  Utilities  of  Springfield, Missouri  under  our  Geotechnical 

Consultant Services Contract dated November 16, 2016  (City Utilities Contract #2708). This portion of 

the contract is Assignment #7 – Proposed Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill, James River Power 

Station.      This  investigation addresses MDNR’s  concern with  the  stability of  the existing  slopes at  the 

south and southeastern end of the UWL, and complete buildout of the landfill.  

 

TECHNICAL APPROACH: 

 

The following general approach was used to investigate and assess the stability of the UWL. 

Review  past  geotechnical  work  performed  at  the  ash  landfill  (geotechnical  investigations, 

laboratory testing, surveying) 

Investigate the geology of the site 

Investigate the ash wastes, and soil and groundwater conditions at the site (through visual field 

reconnaissance,  geotechnical  borings  with  sampling  of  in‐place  ash  wastes  and  soil,  and  test 

pits) 

Perform laboratory testing of sampled ash wastes and soil for slope stability purposes 

Review ash waste landfill literature (to compare against lab and field results obtained) 

Survey the current surface conditions for critical slope locations 

Develop an ash waste, soil, rock and groundwater profile 

Perform deep seated slope stability analyses using PCSTABL‐based iterative software 

Perform shallow slope cover slope stability analysis for shallow sliding failure 

Page 6: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 2

Make conclusions regarding slope stability and additional engineering analyses. 

 

WORK PERFORMED: 

 

ON‐SITE BORINGS: We performed drilling and sampling of a total of eight (8) borings on the site.   We 

surveyed the boring locations and used existing survey data and engineering drawings to complete the 

stability analysis.  

 

Four (4) borings in the ash landfill were drilled and sampled to a depth approximately 5 feet above the 

landfill synthetic and/or clay liner – which was generally approximately 40 to 45 feet depth at locations 

selected.   

 

See Appendix I for attached Boring location sketch for boring locations.   Also attached in Appendix I  is 

Survey showing current elevations and surface.  Drawings for typical cross section through the original 

landfill with a clay liner is also included; the 2nd cross section is a typical through the newer landfill with a 

synthetic liner. 

 

Four (4) borings were drilled just outside of the existing landfill until rock was encountered.  The borings 

were  then  advanced  a  few  feet  into  rock  to  verify  its  competency.  We  also  performed  a  visual 

reconnaissance of the landfill surface conditions for slope stability performance. 

   

All of the borings were staked by our surveyors.  The Missouri State Plane Coordinates and the ground 

surface  at  the  original  boring  location  are  shown  below.  The  odd  numbered  borings  correspond  to 

borings drilled within the landfill. 

   

Page 7: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 3

  BORING          ELEVATION         STATE PLANE COORDINATES 

                                                                                           NORTHING     EASTING 

       B‐1    1177.2    462443.9  1416123.4   

       B‐2    1124.6    462093.4  1416144.6   

       B‐3    1177.9    462622.0  1416256.6   

       B‐4    1125.7    462372.2  1416434.4   

       B‐5    1167.3    464084.6  1416564.5 

       B‐6    1126.8    463356.0  1416887.2 

       B‐7    1178.9    463109.5  1416263.3 

       B‐8    1146.0    464003.1  1416417.1   

 

Representative samples were taken of the landfill  fly ash and bottom ash, and soil encountered in the 

borings.  Testing of the ash and soil samples included the following: 

 

Grain Size Distribution 

Water Content 

Shear Strength 

Unconfined Compressive Strength 

Triaxial Compressive Strength 

Atterberg Limits 

Unit Weight 

 

Boreholes were drilled using a CME 75 rig outfitted with six‐inch hollow‐stem continuous flight augers.  

Drilling and sampling were conducted on July 18, 19, and 21, 2018.    

 

Boring  logs,  showing  descriptions  of  the  ash  and  soil  encountered  as  well  as  results  of  standard 

penetration tests, penetrometer readings and moisture content, are presented in Appendix II. 

 

The primary sample type used in this investigation was the split spoon sample which was obtained while 

performing the standard penetration test. This test, described in ASTM D1586, consists of driving a two‐

inch  diameter  split  spoon  sampler  using  a  weight  of  140  pounds  with  a  free  fall  of  30  inches.    The 

number of blows to drive the sampler each of three successive 6 inch increments of depth in advance of 

Page 8: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 4

drilling  was  recorded  and  is  presented  on  the  boring  logs.    The  sum  of  the  last  two  blow  counts  is 

normally taken as the penetration value expressed in blows per foot.  These samples are used for strata 

identification,  natural  moisture  content,  Atterberg  limit  values,  and  an  occasional  unconfined 

compressive strength value. 

   

All auger cuttings and ash samples were visually examined, and  logged by the drilling crew chief.   Our 

Project Engineer was also present at  selected boring  locations  to make assessments of  samples  taken 

and  modify  the  field  sampling  and  testing  program  to  better  characterize  conditions  encountered.  

Observations were also made for the presence of groundwater and cave‐in of the bore holes.  The bore 

holes  were  backfilled  with  cuttings  and  bentonite  chips  upon  completion  of  drilling  and  water  level 

determinations. 

 

    LABORATORY  TESTING:  All  samples  were  transported  to  Anderson  Engineering's  materials 

laboratory for further evaluation and testing.  Our Project Engineer reviewed field results and observed 

laboratory  samples  to  select  samples  for  testing  and  determine  which  tests  would  be  performed.  

Laboratory testing of the fly ash, bottom ash, and soil samples followed general ASTM methods and the 

Project Engineer’s guidelines.  Some laboratory test results on ash samples recovered from the borings 

are  recorded on  the Boring  Logs  contained  in Appendix  II, while  the  remaining  laboratory  results  are 

included in Appendix III. 

 

The  final  logs,  shown  in  Appendix  II,  represent  our  interpretation  of  the  field  logs  based  on  the 

additional information obtained from the laboratory testing program. 

 

GEOLOGY OF THE SITE: 

 

The  site  is  mapped  by  MDNR  as  Mk,  Mississippian  Kinderhookian  series.    This  formation  is 

consists of primarily limestone and siltstone, with minor constituents of shale and sandstone. 

 

GENERAL SITE CONDITIONS: 

 

An  inspection  of  the  landfill  surface  for  indications  of  slope  instability was  performed  by  the 

Project Engineer.  Checks were made for:  tension cracks, fissures, slumping, toe cracks, active seepage, 

Page 9: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 5

excessive settlements, and other  signs of  instability.   No significant  signs of  instability were observed. 

The sloped portions of the landfill were observed for erosion rills, and no significant evidence of slope 

erosion was observed. The landfill was generally tall grass and vegetation covered. The vegetative cover 

was generally moderately to well established.  

 

   

Page 10: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 6

ASH FILL AND PERIMETER SUBGRADE CHARACTERISTICS: 

 

The  subsurface  conditions  encountered  at  the  boring  locations  are  shown  on  the  boring  logs.  The 

findings of  the  site are discussed below.  In  general, what we observed  in  the ash  landfill  agreed well 

with  information we obtained from past  landfill  investigations  (Slope Stability Analysis with Additional 

Engineering Analysis for John Twitty Energy Center (JTEC) Ash Landfill, AE Work Order 70045‐11, report 

dated December 9, 2011). 

 

Generally  the  waste  ash  encountered  in  the  borings  appeared  to  be  Type  C  and  Type  F  fly  ash  and 

bottom ash mixed as a composite blend.  However, it also appeared that some of the layers had greater 

concentrations  of  fly  ash  in  the  samples,  as  evident  by  higher  blow  counts  or  N  values,  and  higher 

unconfined compressive strengths  from pocket penetrometer  test  results.   There were  layers of more 

predominantly  bottom  ash  mixtures  from  the  ash  ponds.  The  samples  obtained  were  generally 

cemented and had unconfined compressive strengths generally well in excess of 1,000 psf.  The relative 

density of these fills based on N‐values or blow counts were generally “loose” to “medium dense”. 

 

What became apparent  from the drilling and sampling of  the  fill was  that  the  fly ash and bottom ash 

were in layers and not always well blended.  This was also found in 2011 JTEC report referenced above.  

Also    our  laboratory  testing  of  these  materials  confirmed  that  they  exhibit  significant  cohesion  and 

friction.   See attached boring  logs, Appendix  II,  for greater details of materials encountered. However, 

due  to  the  variability  of  the  ash  encountered  in  the  borings,  conservative  values  of  friction  were 

assigned and no cohesion was used for slope stability analyses.  

 

Perimeter Subgrade Conditions 

 

Four borings, B‐2, B‐4, B‐6, and B‐8, were performed at the toe around the perimeter of the landfill.  The 

purpose of these borings was to characterize the soil and rock at the toe of the slope and underlying the 

landfill for slope stability purposes.  In general the subsoils consist of stiff, lean to fat clays, with varying 

amounts  of  chert.    Depth  to  bedrock  varied  between  8  and  20  feet.    The  rock  encountered  was  a 

moderately hard limestone. 

 

A conservative approach based on lab testing, known correlations, and experience in the area was used 

Page 11: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 7

to develop the cohesion and nominal friction values used for this residual soil and rock layer. 

 

Laboratory Testing 

 

A multitude of laboratory tests were performed.  See attached laboratory summary sheet and individual 

lab  sheets  for  details,  Appendix  III.    Some  of  those  test  results  are  also  on  the  attached  boring  logs, 

Appendix  II.  In  general,  the  laboratory  tests  provided  the  following  Unified  Soil  Classification  System 

(USCS) classifications.   

 

Landfill Clayey Cap Material

Type:  USCS Classification: Comments: 

Landfill Clayey Cap Fill Material  Lean Clay (CL) Grass and vegetation covered 

brown to reddish brown lean clay 

with chert gravel 

Ash Waste Landfill

Waste:  USCS Classification: Comments: 

Type  F  fly  ash,  bottom  ash, 

and/or Type C fly ash 

Non‐plastic silt  (ML), Non‐plastic 

sandy silt (ML), to silty sand (SM) 

Medium  gray  to  dark  gray,  to 

black  

Residual Clayey Soil

Type:  USCS Classification: Comments: 

Upper soil  Lean clay (CL) Reddish brown 

Lower soil  Fat clay (CH) Dark reddish brown 

Rock

Type:  Hardness: Comments: 

Limestone  Moderately hard Light gray 

 

 

A few of these layers were classified using the visual‐manual method (ASTM D2488) in the laboratory to 

augment other laboratory tests. 

 

  This study’s laboratory results compare well with published literature of fly ash and bottom ash 

geotechnical properties.   The strength properties of  fly ash and bottom ash compare well with results 

Page 12: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 8

expected of  natural  silty  sand  (SM)  to  sand  silt  (ML).    The main  geotechnical  difference  is  the  lighter 

weight for the coal waste materials compared to natural silica based soils.   

 

GROUNDWATER CONDITIONS: 

 

Saturated and or very moist water conditions were generally encountered in near the bottom 5 

feet  of  the  3  of  4  landfill  borings  (Borings  B1,  B3,  and  B5,  but  not  B7).    As  such  we modeled  slope 

stability with a groundwater surface near this depth. 

 

Groundwater was not encountered in any of the perimeter borings around the ash landfill from 

this investigation. However, based on the above and experience in the area, we conservatively assumed 

that groundwater was at a depth of 5 feet above the top of rock.   

 

We reviewed groundwater data provided by City Utilities that was taken on or about 3/5/2018. 

The water  level depths were generally a  few  feet below our assumption.    This  should  then make our 

modeled water level a conservative elevation for slope stability purposes. 

 

 Groundwater  can  be  encountered  at  any  depths  in  these  residual  soils  and  in  the  limestone 

during wet weather conditions and often at the soil/limestone interface.  Groundwater conditions also 

vary with rainfall and weather conditions. 

  

The  above  is  a  generalized  description  of  the  conditions  encountered  in  the  borings  and 

observations around the site.  For more specific information, the reader should refer to the boring logs 

and attachments included with the final report. 

 

SLOPE STABILITY ANALSYES: 

 

Introduction 

 

PC  STABL,  a  slope  stability  program, was  used  to  perform  slope  stability  analyses  of  the  present  and 

anticipated  future  landfill  conditions.    PC  STABL  is  a  two‐dimensional  slope  stability  software  that 

computes  the minimum  critical  factors  of  safety  between  soil  layer  interfaces.    This  model  uses  the 

Page 13: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 9

method of vertical slices to analyze slopes and calculate factors of safety based on limiting equilibrium.  

PC STABL allows the user to employ a variety of trial failure surface methods to determine slope stability 

including:    the  Bishop  Method  (applicable  to  circular  shaped  failure  surfaces),  the  Janbu  method 

(applicable  to  failure  surfaces  of  general  shape),  and  the  Spencer method  (applicable  to  any  type  of 

surface). 

 

PC STABL can account for heterogeneous soil systems, anisotropic soil strength properties, excess pore 

water pressure due to shear, static ground water and surface water, pseudo‐static earthquake loading, 

surcharge boundary, loading, and tieback loading. 

 

PC  STABL  features  unique  random  techniques  and  iterative  methods  to  calculate  hundreds  of  slope 

stability  calculations  for  each  software‐run.    The  generation  of  multiple  potential  failure  surfaces 

provides  for  the  subsequent  determination  of  the  more  critical  slope  stability  surfaces  and  their 

corresponding factors of safety.   This allows for multiple runs to be performed.  For example, changes 

can be made to the location of failure, changes in loading, and changes in soil properties.   

  

Modeling 

 

For slope stability purposes,  the different  fill  types,  soil, and rock  layers were modeled with  following 

properties.  

 

Page 14: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 10

Soil Number  Materials  Wet unit 

weight, pcf 

Saturated Unit 

Weight, pcf 

Friction, 

degrees 

Cohesion, psf 

1  Clayey landfill cap  120  125  0  350 

2  Waste Coal Ash   105  107  29  0 

3  Residual Clayey Soil  105  110  22  350 

4  Limestone  140  145  35  10,000 

 

The existing soil and rock underlying the ash landfill was modeled as natural subgrade as sampled on the 

perimeter of the landfill. 

 

Slope Stability Results 

 

We performed multiple runs, with varying parameters to determine the critical factors of safety for the 

various slope conditions desired.  The following summarize those runs and provide the critical factor of 

safety.    In general, a  factor of safety between 1.3 and 1.5  for static slope stability analyses  is desired.  

For this project, we understand the MDNR is requires an overall slope stability of 1.5 or greater.  Based 

on conservative values used for friction of ash fill materials these factors of safety are expected to be 

greater.  For greater details, see attached slope stability results in Appendices VI and VI‐a. 

   

Page 15: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 11

 

Section  Scenario  Critical Factor of 

Safety 

Comments 

A‐A’  1. Existing slope, SE portion of existing 

landfill, water surface added, no cohesion 

in ash 

1.7  Deep critical failure near 

the toe 

B‐B’  2. Existing slope, SE portion of existing 

landfill, water surface added, no cohesion 

in ash 

1.7  Deep critical failure 

through the  toe 

B‐B’  3. With future build‐out  1.6  Deep critical failure from 

upper mid‐slope through 

the  toe 

C‐C’  4. Proposed slope, future build‐out, 

tallest slope height planned, water 

surface added, no cohesion in ash 

1.6  Deep critical failure 

through the  toe 

 

ADDITIONAL ENGINEERING ANALYSES  

 

Shallow Surface Sliding Slope Stability Analysis 

 

A  shallow  surface  sliding  slope  stability  analysis  was  performed  for  the  landfill  cover  material.  The 

analysis  we  performed  followed  the  Army  Technical  Manual  (TM  5‐818‐1)  and  Air  Force  Technical 

Manual (AFM 88‐3, Chap. 7) for infinite slopes. This approach considers slopes with a relatively thin layer 

of soil overlying a different soil group. The critical failure mechanism is sliding along a plane parallel to 

the slope, near the interface between two soil groups. We used this procedure to analyze the relatively 

thin clayey landfill cap material over the ash waste portion of the landfill. When using this approach it is 

important  to  realize  that  surface  soils  can  lose  strength  when  subjected  to  shrink‐swell  cycles  and 

freeze‐thaw  cycles.  These  cycles  create  planes  of  weaknesses  that  can  result  in  a  decrease  of  shear 

strength  and ultimately  shallow  sliding  slope  failures.  The  impact of  vegetative  cover on  soil  strength 

was also  considered  in  this methodology. Roots of  vegetation  contribute  to  the  increase  in  soil  shear 

strength,  specifically  the  cohesion  component.  Considering mechanisms  associated  with  both  loss  of 

shear strength and increase in shear strength, we analyzed the cap material for shallow sliding failures.  

Page 16: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 12

  Using  the  laboratory  strength  test  data  obtained  from  the  borings  and  adjusting  for 

environmental  effects  and  effect  of  vegetative  cover,  the  analysis  resulted  in  a  satisfactory  factor  of 

safety meeting  1.5. With  that  said,  you  should  continue  to  establish  vegetative  cover,  and  routinely 

observe the slopes for possibly signs of instability. 

 

Section  Scenario  Critical Factor 

of Safety 

Comments 

A‐A’  1.  2.0  Thin  layer  of  soil  overlying  other  soil  on  a  slope 

steeper  than  existing  condition,  shallow  sliding 

failure, groundwater emerging from slope. 

B‐B’  2.  ‐‐‐  Existing slope is more flat than A‐A’, so not critical 

C‐C’  3.  ‐‐‐  Existing slope is more flat than A‐A’, so not critical 

 

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: 

 

The  following  conclusions  and  recommendations  are  based  on  the  project  as  previously 

described.   It  is assumed that the conditions observed in our field work, laboratory testing performed, 

and the information received about past and future operations will be as we have described previously.  

It  is  also assumed  that  the  conditions observed  in  the borings  and  test  pits  are  representative of  the 

subsurface conditions throughout the landfill. 

 

Slope Stability 

 

1.  The study has shown that the current or existing slopes for the critical portions of the JRPS ash 

landfill meet and exceed generally accepted standards for slope stability (factor of safety of 1.3 to 1.5).   

2.  The  study  has  shown  that  the  proposed  or  future  slopes  for  the  future  build‐out  plans  to 

increase the height of the ash landfill meet and exceed generally accepted standards for slope stability 

(factor of safety of 1.3 to 1.5).   

3.  Overall the current or existing slopes for the landfill are quite stable due to moderate levels of 

friction and cementation of the waste ash and good final cover over the closed portion of the landfill. 

4.  We recommend that for future landfill maintenance operations: 

That you continue to develop, establish, and maintain the existing vegetation cover. 

Page 17: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 13

Continually and  routinely observe  the  slope  for  signs of  slope distress  such as  tension 

cracking, bulging, and/or seepage. 

Removal  and dewatering of  any water within  the ash  landfill will  further  increase  the 

total factor of safety. 

   

Page 18: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU) ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station, Springfield, MO          September, 2018                             

p. 14

LIMITATIONS: 

 

  This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of our client for specific application to the 

project discussed in accordance with generally accepted soils engineering practice common to the local 

area.  No other warranty, express or implied, is made.  

 

The analyses and recommendations contained in this report are preliminary and are based on the data 

obtained from the referenced subsurface explorations.  The borings indicate subsurface conditions only 

at the specific  locations and time, and only to the depths penetrated.   They do not necessarily reflect 

strata variations that may exist between such locations.  The validity of the recommendations is based 

in part on assumptions about the stratigraphy made by the geotechnical engineer.  

 

The  scope  of  our  services  does  not  include  any  environmental  assessment  or  investigation  for  the 

presence  or  absence  of  hazardous  or  toxic  materials  in  the  ash,  soil,  groundwater  or  surface  water 

within or beyond the site  studied.   Any statements  in  this  report  regarding odors,  staining of soils, or 

other unusual conditions observed are strictly for the information of our client.   

 

Anderson  Engineering,  Inc.,  is  not  responsible  for  any  claims,  damages,  or  liability  associated  with 

interpretation of subsurface data or reuse of the subsurface data or engineering analyses without the 

express written authorization of Anderson Engineering, Inc. 

 

 

Page 19: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

APPENDIX I 

 SITE LOCATION SKETCH 

SURVEY CROSS SECTIONS 

SOIL BORING LOCATIONS  

Page 20: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

 

 SITE LOCATION SKETCH –   Geotechnical Investigation – City Utilities of Springfield (CU)                    18SP40030 EXP – Assignment #7 ‐  Slope Stability Study – Utility Waste Landfill – James River Power Station                       August 17, 2018                                                                                                                                              

NOT TO SCALE – FOR ILLUSTRATIVE USE ONLY NORTH IS TO TOP OF PAGE

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NE 1/4 OF THE SE 1/4 OFNORTHWEST CORNER OF THE SECTION 30, T-28-N, R-21-W

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SECTION 30, T-28-N, R-21-WNE 1/4 OF THE NE 1/4 OFNORTHWEST CORNER OF THE

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BUMPER POST
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GRATE INLET
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T
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E
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TS
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MB
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ER
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POWER POLE W/ GUY
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RIGHT-OF-WAY MARKER
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WATER METER
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LIGHT POLE
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WATER VALVE
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SIGN
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SEWER CLEANOUT
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MANHOLE
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GAS METER
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FENCE LINE
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LINE LABELS
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ELECTRIC LINE
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GAS LINE
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WATER LINE
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100' R
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100' M
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RECORD
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MEASURED
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x
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x
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PROPERTY LINE
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SET IRON PIN
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EXISTING IRON PIN
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CONTROL POINT
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UT
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CIR N DR
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SOUTHVIEW
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SEC. 30
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SEC. 29
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STATION
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GLENRIDGE
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NATIONAL
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JAMES
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163
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163
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RIVER RD
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PHILMAR
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167
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G R E E N E C O U N T Y
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C H R I S T I A N C O U N T Y
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CRENSHAW
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RIVER
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FARMER
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FREMONT
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MC CANN
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ELLISON CT
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MANCHESTER
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CR
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HAMPTON
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OAK TREE LN
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MEADOWLARK
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WESTCHESTER DR
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182
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1200
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ASH
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GREENBRIAR
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KISSICK
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SYCAMORE
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TIMBERLAKE
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POWER
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RIVER
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JAMES
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SEC. 19
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NOTTINGHAM
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BOTHWELL
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PALMER
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CRESCENT
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GIBSON
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169
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WILLIAMBURG
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1400
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1500
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BRIAR
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1700
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ARLINGTON
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1600
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1800
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TERR
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COLONIAL
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CARLETON
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GLENHAVEN
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CONNOR
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PRATT
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WARICK
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HARVARD
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CT
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ALESHIRE
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CHELSEA
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PRATT
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CASTLEWOOD
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CANTENBURY
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1900
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NORSHIRE
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BRIAR
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PRISTINE
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BARNES
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2200
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2100
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2300
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ROCHELLE
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CT
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SUSSEX
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KINGSTON
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S DR
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CIR
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CHAPALA
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MONTEGO
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WILDWOOD
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THETFORD
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MELBOURNE
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WEDGEWOOD
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ROCHELLE
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SHADY OAK
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2400
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MEDFORD
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CT
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CT
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BOYD
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LLOYD'S
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ROSLYN
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COORDINATES SHOWN ARE MO STATE PLANE 1983, CENTRAL ZONE IN
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METERS. BASED ON GR STATIONS (GR-15 AND CH01) 1994 ADJUSTMENT.
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CONVERSION FACTOR: 1 m = 3.28083333 ft
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SURVEY NOTE:
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USING RTK GPS.
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CURRENT SURVEY BASED ON MO STATE PLANE 1983, CENTRAL ZONE
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STONE
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CONCRETE MONUMENT
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ELEVATIONS BASED ON MONUMENT CP 3, OF THE JRPS CONTROL NETWORK
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BEING A PART OF THE EAST HALF OF SECTION 30, TOWNSHIP 28 NORTH, RANGE 21 WEST
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LYING WEST OF AND NORTH OF THE JAMES RIVER, BEING MORE PARTICULARLY DESCRIBED
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AS FOLLOWS:
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COMMENCING AT THE EAST QUARTER CORNER; THENCE NORTH 88%%D50'16" WEST, 1069.91
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FEET FOR A POINT OF BEGINNING SAID POINT LYING SOUTH 88%%D50'16" EAST, 257.62
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FEET FROM A STONE SET FOR THE SOUTHWEST CORNER OF THE EAST HALF OF THE
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NORTHEAST QUARTER OF AFORESAID SECTION 30; THENCE SOUTH 30%%D36'26" WEST, 411.70
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FEET; THENCE 89%%D36'00" WEST, 554.19 FEET TO THE WEST LINE OF THE CITY
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UTILITIES PROPERTY; THENCE NORTH 00%%D58'21" EAST, 1454.61 FEET; THENCE NORTH
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45%%D15'53" EAST, 716.00 FEET; THENCE NORTH 00%%D58'21" EAST, 454.87 FEET; THENCE
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NORTH 65%%D41'48" EAST, 238.14 FEET; THENCE NORTH 00%%D58'21" EAST, 70.59 FEET;
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THENCE SOUTH 53%%D16'58" EAST, 275.51 FEET; THENCE SOUTH 09%%D39'11" WEST, 575.74
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FEET; THENCE SOUTH 08%%D25'17" EAST, 287.47 FEET; THENCE SOUTH 37%%D10'46" EAST,
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232.60 FEET; THENCE SOUTH 25%%D23'54" EAST, 120.35 FEET; THENCE SOUTH 13%%D09'48"
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EAST, 231.33 FEET; THENCE SOUTH 30%%D36'26" WEST, 798.84 FEET TO THE POINT OF
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BEGINNING. ALL LYING IN THE EAST HALF OF SECTION 30, TOWNSHIP 28 NORTH, RANGE
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21 WEST, GREENE COUNTY, MISSOURI. CONTAINING 42.92 ACRES MORE OR LESS. SUBJECT
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TO ALL EASEMENTS, RESTRICTIONS, COVENANTS, AND RESERVATIONS OF RECORD.
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BEARINGS BASED ON THE PLANT GRID FOR THE JAMES RIVER POWER STATION.CONDITIONS
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AND MONUMENTS AS SHOWN ON ANDERSON ENGINEERING, INC. DRAWING NUMBER WB 111-061.
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WITH AN ELEVATION OF 1144.72. VERTICAL DATUM BASED ON NAVD 88.
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N88°25'51"W 1069.91' M
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P.O.C.
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HULSTON TRACT
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HULSTON TRACT
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CITY UTILITIES
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CITY UTILITIES
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N88°50'16"W 1069.91' R
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OF %%U %%U
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SHEET NUMBER
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CHECK BY:
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FIELD BOOK:
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DRAWING INFO.
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CITY UTILITIES
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OF SPRINGFIELD
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ASH LANDFILL
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TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
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JAMES RIVER POWER STATION
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SPRINGFIELD, MISSOURI
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WB 111-061
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1
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1
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BH
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BAC
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KLL
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9-12-2018
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30140-17
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COPYRIGHT ANDERSON ENGINEERING, INC. 2018
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C
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DATE OF FIELD SURVEY NOVEMBER 2017, JANUARY 5, 2018 AND AUGUST 06, 2018
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NUMBER LS-2695
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KEVIN L. LAMBETH
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N45°40'18"E 716.00' M
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N45°15'53"E 716.00' R
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%%U SURVEYOR'S DECLARATION
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9-12-2018
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%%O KEVIN L. LAMBETH, P.L.S. 2695 %%O %%O DATE
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I, THE UNDERSIGNED, DO HEREBY DECLARE THAT THE BOUNDARY SURVEY SHOWN HEREON WAS MADE UNDER MY SUPERVISION AND TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE THE INFORMATION IS AS SHOWN AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CURRENT MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR URBAN PROPERTY SURVEYS, DATE OF LAST REVISION SEPTEMBER 12, 2018. ANDERSON ENGINEERING, INC. LC 62 BY:
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ER
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SCO
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LEACHATE SUMP
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1
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ADDITIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY
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8/06/18
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BAC
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APPENDIX II  

LOG LEGEND UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 

BORING LOGS LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

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@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

@A

MW-SA-1

PZ-SA-U-1

MW-SA-4

PZ-SA-U-5

MW-SA-5

PZ-SA-U-4

MW-2

PZ-SA-U-3

PZ-SA-U-2

Site Diagram

City Utilities of Springfield - James River Power StationGreene County, Missouri

Figure 2

µ500 0 500

FeetLegend@A Monitoring Wells

Site Boundary

Notes:1. The locations of all features shown are approximate.2. This drawing is for information purposes. It is intended to assist in showing features discussed in an attacheddocument. GeoEngineers, Inc. cannot guarantee the accuracy and content of electronic files. The master fileis stored by GeoEngineers, Inc. and will serve as the official record of this communication.

Projection: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N

W:\Projects\15\15723009\GIS\MXDPDFDataJRPS\SiteDiagram_JRPS.mxd Date Exported: 09/14/17 by emayle

Data Source:

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9/14/2018 Anderson Engineering Inc Mail - FW: JRPS UWL Potentiometric Data

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=0574d9f30f&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-f%3A1611605288274933137&simpl=msg-f%3A161160528827… 1/2

John Snider <[email protected]>

FW: JRPS UWL Potentiometric Data 2 messages

Ted Salveter <[email protected]> Fri, Sep 14, 2018 at 12:36 PMTo: John Snider <[email protected]>

John,

Here are well water levels for your review.

Ted C. Salveter, P.E. Manager-Environmental Compliance Office: 417.831.8848

From: Justin W. Brown <[email protected]> Sent: Friday, September 14, 2018 12:27 PM To: Ted Salveter <[email protected]> Subject: RE: JRPS UWL Potentiometric Data

Let me know if this will work for you.

Table 1

Summary of Groundwater Monitoring Well Measurements

City Utilities of Springfield - James River Power Station

Greene County, Missouri

Piezometer Number MW-2 MW-SA-1 MW-SA-4 MW-SA-5 PZ-SA-U-1 PZ-SA-U-2 PZ-SA-U-4 PZ-SA-U-5

Top of Casing Elevation 1,127.76 1,142.24 1,128.45 1,123.66 1,132.86 1,140.87 1,121.76 1,126.80

Measurement Date Piezometric Elevations

03/05/18 1,114.48 1,124.17 1,118.74 1,117.51 1119.24 1119.29 1116.45 1118.08

From: Ted Salveter <[email protected]> Sent: Friday, September 14, 2018 11:51 AM To: Justin W. Brown <[email protected]> Subject: FW: JRPS UWL Potentiometric Data

Page 53: APPENDIX D AE Slope Stability Study · Re: Assignment #7 ‐ Slope Stability Study, Utility Waste Landfill James River Power Station (JRPS), Permit # 0707705 S. Kissick Ave, Springfield,

9/14/2018 Anderson Engineering Inc Mail - FW: JRPS UWL Potentiometric Data

https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ik=0574d9f30f&view=pt&search=all&permthid=thread-f%3A1611605288274933137&simpl=msg-f%3A161160528827… 2/2

Hey Justin,

Just checking on those water level readings.

Thanks.

Ted C. Salveter, P.E. Manager-Environmental Compliance Office: 417.831.8848

PO Box 551 | Springfield, MO 65801-0551 cityutilities.net

John Snider <[email protected]> Fri, Sep 14, 2018 at 12:53 PMTo: Ted Salveter <[email protected]>

Thanks Ted[Quoted text hidden]

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APPENDIX III SLOPE STABILITY GRAPHIC RESULTS SLOPE STABILITY CROSS SECTIONS 

SLOPE STABILITY INPUT, OUTPUT FILES SHALLOW SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS RESULTS 

TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TEST RESULTS  

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APPENDIX IV IMPORTANT INFORMATION  ABOUT YOUR GEOTECHNICAL 

ENGINEERING REPORT  

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