appendix b: bilateral comparisons of value added per … variable and divided into four groups) were...
TRANSCRIPT
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the NationalBureau of Economic Research
Volume Title: Imports of Manufactures from Less Developed Countries
Volume Author/Editor: Hal B. Lary
Volume Publisher: NBER
Volume ISBN: 0-870-14485-5
Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/lary68-1
Publication Date: 1968
Chapter Title: Appendix B: Bilateral Comparisons of Value Added perEmployee
Chapter Author: Hal B. Lary
Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c4983
Chapter pages in book: (p. 157 - 188)
APPENDIX B
BILATERAL COMPARISONSOF VALUE ADDED PER EMPLOYEE
Tables B-i, B-2, and B-3 give the variables plotted in Charts 11, 12,and 13, respectively. The United States data are derived from the 1958Census of Manufactures (used in the comparison with the UnitedKingdom), the 1962 Annual Survey of Manufactures (used in thecomparison with Japan), and the 1963 Census of Manufactures (usedin the comparison with India), all of which are publications of theBureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. The sources ofthe data for the other three countries are as follows: United Kingdom:Reports on the Census of Production, 1958, London, Board of Trade,1962; Japan: Census of Manufactures, 1962, Ministry of InternationalTrade and Industry, Research and Statistics Division, Tokyo, 1964;India: Annual Survey of Industries, 1961, Central Statistical Organiza-tion, Calcutta, 1965.
To make these bilateral comparisons, it has been necessary toestablish a conversion between the industrial classification used by theUnited States and that used in each of the other three countries. Theconversions developed for this purpose are indicated in Tables B-i,B-2, and B-3.
The British classification, a very summary one of only 109 items (atthe three-digit and four-digit levels, free of duplication), has beenmaintained almost intact, only a few combinations of items from theBritish schedule being necessary in the interest of comparability. Thisyields 103 items for comparison with the United States.
The Japanese classification is far more detailed, comprising 501items at the four-digit level. In many cases, however, it has seemedpreferable to establish the conversion at the three-digit level for Japan,and in other cases it has been deemed necessary to combine two ormore four-digit items and, more exceptionally, some three-digit ones.
158 Appendix B
In addition, the following numbers from the Japanese classification havebeen omitted altogether because of inability to identify a correspondingitem in the United States classification: 1841, 1845, 1891, 1892, 1893,1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 201, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2034, 2039,2092, 2093, 2094, 2097, 2099, 2141, 215, 2191, 2192, 2199, 2241,2321, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2439, 244, 249, 251, 2521, 2692, 2699,2731, 2741, 2759, 2762, 2763, 2769, 3031, 3044, 3121, 3122, 3123,319, 3212, 3215, 3216, 3217, 3219, 329, 3482, 3491, 3631, 3641,3653, 3659, 369, 3811, 3971, 3981, 3982, 3983, 3984, 3986, 3987,3988, 3989, 399. The net effect of these combinations and deletionshas been to provide 178 items for which there seemed to be a reason-ably close correspondence between the Japanese and the U.S. industries.
The Indian classification, comprising 194 items (some three-digitand others four- or five-digit), has also been subjected to some combina-tions in the search for comparability with the United States. Moreimportant, a considerable number of items have had to be deletedaltogether. One reason, as in the case of Japan, has been the lack ofreasonably similar items identifiable in the statistics for the UnitedStates, the Indian code numbers so deleted being as follows: 1 2072,(2091, 20910), 2094, 2095, 2097, 2201, (2204, 2205), 2206, 2312,2391, 2394, (2397, 2399), 2591, 2592, (3119, 31110), 31122, 3121,3191, (3193, 3194), 31912, 3199, 329, 3333, 3397, 339.8, 3505,(3508, 35014), 3509, 35013, (3609, 36010), 36042, 36045, (36047,360410), 360412, 360413, 36051, (36054, 36056, 36062), 360514,(37015, 3704), 39915, (395, 3998, 39913, 39917).
A second reason for deletion of items from the Indian schedule isthat, according to the details contained in the source, some industriesare engaged mainly or largely in repair or service work as distinguishedfrom manufacturing proper. The code numbers omitted for this reasonare as follows: 2096, 2098, 2392, 2393, 3506, 36013, 36046, 3811,3821, 3822, 3823, 384, 386, 3942, 39914. Finally, two items havebeen deleted from the Indian schedule because (according to detailspublished for individual Indian states) the industries concerned em-ploy sizable numbers of unpaid prison labor at nominal wages, theitems deleted for this reason being Nos. 2092 and 2601.
The net effect of the combinations and deletions noted above is togive 117 items from the Indian side for comparison with the UnitedStates. As reported in Chapter 3, additional computations have been
1 Indian numbers here grouped in parentheses are combined in the source.
Appendix B 159
made, excluding (1) Indian industries with total employment of lessthan 1,000 each and (2) others with total employment of less than2,000 each. The items in question are as follows:
(1) 204, 208, 213, 214, 293, 3118, 31910, 3507, 36049, 360411,360513, 37019, 3812, 393, 3995, 39910, (39911, 39912).
(2) 203, 2318, 232, (2395, 2396), 2398, 241, 3192, 3396, 3412,35012, (360111, 360112), 36012, 360512, 36052, 36061, 3924, 3941.
A test of linearity and Bartlett's test for homoscedasticity wereapplied to the data in an effort to determine whether the arithmeticor logarithmic form of correlation was appropriate. The results of thesetests are given in Table B-4. For both the United States—Japan and theUnited States—India comparisons the linearity test showed that thevariables were not linearly related in the arithmetic form but were sorelated in the logarithmic form; the results were significant at the 1 percent level of confidence. However, for both functional forms, Bartlett's
'test showed that the variances of the observations (the data were ar-ranged in ascending order of the independent variable and divided intogroups of approximately twenty observations) were not homogeneousfor the complete sets of industries; the results were significant at the 1per cent level of confidence. For the more limited number of observa-tions, as specified in each case in Table 6, the variances were homo-geneous in the logarithmic form but not in the arithmetic form. Inbrief, on statistical grounds alone, the logarithmic form seems moreappropriate than the arithmetic form for both the U.S.—Japan andU.S.—India correlations, as shown in the accompanying table.
For the U.S.—U.K. comparison, the variables are shown to be linearlyrelated in both the arithmetic and logarithmic forms, according to thelinearity test. Bartlett's test shows, however, that the variances of theobservations (the data were arranged in ascending order of the inde-pendent variable and divided into four groups) were homogeneous inthe logarithmic form but not in the arithmetic form. That is, only thelogarithmic form both of these tests. On the basis of these tests,all of the bilateral comparisons were computed with the variables trans-formed into logarithms.
The regression equations obtained from the bilateral comparisons andused in deriving the middle column of figures in each of Tables B-i,B-2, and B-3 are given below, X being in each case the log of valueadded by manufacture per employee in the United States and Y the logof value added by manufacture per employee in the foreign countryconcerned:
160 Appendix B
United States—United Kingdom (103 industries)
Y = —.317 + .795X
United States—Japan (178 industries)
Y = — .608 + .966X
United States—India (117 industries)
Y = —1.053 + .917X
TA
BL
E B
-i
Var
iabl
es U
sed
in C
ompa
riso
n of
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee in
the
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
and
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, 1
958
(dol
lars
)
U.K
. Ind
ustr
ial C
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
edw
ith U
.S.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
U.K
.
.U
.K.
Est
imat
edby
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
ySI
C N
o.•
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3A
ctua
l(2
)(3
)
211,
9G
rain
-mill
pro
duct
s20
4 (l
ess
2046
)5,
199
4,20
915
,269
.
212
Bre
ad a
nd r
elat
ed p
rodu
cts
2051
2,29
62,
572
8,21
721
3B
iscu
its a
nd c
rack
ers
2052
2,19
23,
428
11,7
9521
4M
eat a
nd f
ish
prod
ucts
•20
1, 2
031,
62,
634
2,46
77,
796
215
Dairy products
202
4,03
32,949
9,758
216
Sugar
206
2,532
3,436
11,828
217
Candy and related products
207
2,645
2,854
9,364
218
Fruit and vegetable products
203, 2087
(less
2031
, 6)
2,584
2,969
9,842
2292
Star
ch a
nd m
isc.
foo
ds20
46, 2
098,
94,
341
4,28
215
,604
231
Bre
win
g an
d m
altin
g20
82, 3
5,53
34,
331
15,8
2823
91Sp
irit
dist
illin
g an
d co
mpo
undi
ng20
858,
285
5,56
521
,698
2392
, 3W
ines
and
sof
t dri
nks
2084
, 63,
858
2,85
89,
383
240
Tob
acco
pro
duct
s21
5,35
44,
525
16,7
2826
2Pe
trol
eum
ref
inin
g29
115,
014
4,04
314
,516
(con
tinue
d)p.
..'
TA
BL
E B
-i (
cont
inue
d)
U.K
. Ind
ustr
ial C
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
edw
ith U
. S.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
U. K
.U
.K. E
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
SIC
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
263
Lub
rica
ting
oils
and
gre
ases
2992
7,26
83,
831
13,5
6627
11D
yest
uffs
2815
, 286
13,
971
3,85
813
,684
2712
Agr
icul
tura
l che
mic
als
287
4,36
13,
177
10,7
1827
13In
dust
rial
che
mic
als
and
281
(les
s3,
778
4,82
218
,118
chem
ical
pro
duct
s28
15)
289
2721
Phar
mac
eutic
alpr
epar
atio
ns28
34,
368
5,5.
9721
,858
2722
Toi
let p
repa
ratio
ns28
445,
161
5,95
823
,644
273
Exp
losi
ves
2892
2,82
82,
710
8,77
327
4Pa
int a
nd p
rint
ing
ink
285
1, 2
893
4,02
93,
867
13,7
2522
91,
Veg
etab
le a
nd a
nim
al o
ils20
9 (l
ess
4,77
73,
837
13,5
9027
51an
d fa
ts20
95, 7
-927
52So
ap, d
eter
gent
s, a
nd c
andl
es28
41, 3
984
5,26
36,
072
27,2
6827
6Sy
nthe
tic r
esin
s an
d pl
astic
mat
eria
ls28
21, 2
4,50
04,
605
17,0
9827
71Po
lishe
s, e
tc.
2842
4,94
74,
802
18,0
2427
72G
lue
and
gela
tin28
913,
304
3,81
013
,468
311
Iron
and
ste
el f
orgi
ng a
nd r
ollin
g33
1, 3
391
(les
s 33
15,
7)3,
772
3,40
811
,709
312
Pipes, tubes, and fittings
3494, 9, 3317
3,667
3,038
10,130
321
Light metals
3334, 3352, .3361
2,767
3,512
12,159
322
Copper, brass, and other base metals
33a, 3461
3,238
2,799
9,139
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-i (
cont
inue
d)
1.
.
U.K
.In
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
13.
S.
SIC
No.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
13. K
.A
ctua
l(1
)
.
U.K
.E
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
g1
on 3
(2)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
331
Farm
mac
hine
ry a
nd e
quip
men
t35
223,
208
3,01
110
,017
332,
3M
etal
wor
king
mac
hine
ry a
nd to
ols
354,
362
3
3341
Inte
rnal
com
bust
ion
engi
nes
(les
s 35
481,
2)
3519
2,90
62,
373
2,71
22,
994
8,78
09,
946
335
Tex
tile
mac
hine
ry35
522,
452
2,06
86,
245
336
Con
stru
ctio
n m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent
3531
2,86
13,
181
10,7
3233
733
8.3
39
341
3491
Mec
hani
cal h
andl
ing
equi
pmen
tO
ffic
e m
achi
nery
Mis
cella
neou
s m
achi
nery
.
Fab
ricat
edst
ruct
ural
met
al p
rodu
cts
Bal
l and
rol
ler
bear
ings
3534
-635
7 1-
2, 3
579
3532
, 354
8,35
5..9
b34
4 (l
ess
3442
)35
62
3,04
12,
746
3,08
13,
336
2,98
4
3,08
42,
499
2,77
52,
721
2,71
3
10,3
267,
923
9,04
08,
819
8,78
7.3
51Sc
ient
ifid
, sur
gica
l, an
d ph
otog
raph
ic
352
361
inst
rum
ents
Wat
ches
and
clo
cks
Ele
ctri
cal m
achi
nery
38 (
less
387
)38
735
111,
.361
, 2
2,81
31,
985
3,02
32,
267
10,0
667,
008
363
364
Tel
epho
ne a
nd te
legr
aph
appa
ratu
sR
adio
, and
oth
er e
lect
roni
c ap
para
tus
(les
s 36
23, 4
)36
6136
5-7,
369
3(l
ess
3661
)
2,91
82,
200
2,38
9
2,97
5.2
,683
2,65
5
9,86
58,
666
8,55
1
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-i (
cont
inue
d)
U.K
. Ind
ustr
ial C
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
edw
ith U
. S.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
U. K
.
.
U.K
.E
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
SIC
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3•(
2)A
ctua
l(3
)
365
Dom
estic
ele
ctri
c ap
plia
nces
363
(les
s 36
32)
2,91
53,
241
10,9
8936
9
3701
Mis
cella
neou
s el
ectr
ical
goo
ds
Ship
build
ing
and
ship
rep
airi
ng
364,
9(l
ess
3693
)37
32,
582
2,26
12,
858
2,37
19,
381
7,41
733
42,
3702
Steam engines
3511 (less 35111)
2,755
3,128
10,509
381
Mot
or v
ehic
le m
anuf
actu
ring
3537, 371, 3791
3,371
3,350
11,456
382
Mot
orcy
cles
, bic
ycle
s, a
nd p
arts
375
12,
234
2,22
76,
855
383
Air
craf
t and
par
ts37
22,
901
2,77
69,
046
385
Rai
lroa
d an
d st
reet
car
s37
422,
166
2,23
86,
897
389
Pera
mbu
lato
rs, h
and
truc
ks, e
tc.
3943
, 379
92,
193
2,35
67,
358
391
Met
al to
ols
and
impl
emen
ts34
23, 5
2,400
2,757
8,967
392
Cutlery
3421
4,039
3,174
10,703
393
Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, etc.
345 1, 2
2,558
2,733
8,868
362, 394
395
Wire and wire manufactures
Metal
cans
and
box
es
3315, 3357,
3481
3411
2,994
2,365
2,810
3,553
9,185
12,339
396
Jew
elry
, silv
erw
are,
and
pla
ted
war
e39
12,
441
2,44
77,
716
399
Mis
cella
neou
s fa
bric
ated
met
alproducts
25, 3442,349C
2,560
2,581
8,250
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-I. (
cont
inue
d)
U.K
. Ind
ustr
ial.
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U. S
.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
•U. K
.
.
U.K
.E
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
SIC
No.
Act
ual
(1)
I on
3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
411
412
Prod
uctio
n of
man
-mad
e fi
bers
Spin
ning
and
dou
blin
g of
cot
ton,
fla
x,28
23-4
3,75
73,
825
13,5
38
413
silk
, and
man
-mad
e fi
bers
Bro
ad-w
oven
fab
ric
mill
s, c
otto
n,22
8 (l
ess
2283
)1,
532
1,63
74,
651
414
416
417
418
419
421
422
423
431
432
433
441
man-made fibers, and silk
Woolen and worsted
man
ufac
ture
s
Rop
e, c
orda
ge, a
nd tw
ine
Kni
tting
mill
sL
ace
good
sC
arpe
ts, r
ugs,
and
mat
sN
arro
w f
abri
csM
ade-
up te
xtile
sD
yein
g an
d fi
nish
ing
text
iles
Lea
ther
tanning and finishing
Leather goods
Fur
Raincoats
and
othe
r w
eath
erpr
oof
2211, 2221
2231, 2283,
2291,
72296,
8
225
2292
227
2241
239
226
311
312, 3 15-7, 319
2371, 3992
1,711
2,080
2,095
2,03
72,
050
2,72
11,
976
1,79
22,
133
2,51
11,
773
2,260
1,667
2,042
2,053
1,77
81,
762
2,45
11,
950
1,91
72,
064
2,37
61,
903
2,977
4,759
6,146
6,188
5,16
45,
105
7,73
05,
797
5,676
6,22
87,
434
5,62
49,876
oute
rwea
r23
851,
546
1,88
05,
538
442
Men
's a
nd b
oys'
sui
ts, c
oats
,and overcoats
231
1,465
1,804
—5,258
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-i (
cont
inue
d)
Indu
stri
al C
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
edw
ith U
.S.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
U. K
.U
.K. E
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
SIC
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
443
Wom
en's
and
gir
ls' o
uter
wea
r23
31,
811
1,82
05,
316
444
Men
's a
nd b
oys'
fur
nish
ings
232
1,32
71,
501
4,17
244
5
446
Dre
sses
, lin
geri
e, in
fant
s' w
ear,
etc
.
Mill
iner
y, h
ats,
and
cap
s
232,
623
8423
51,
499
1,75
01,
761
1,90
95,
101
5,64
544
9
450
Mis
cella
neou
s ap
pare
l and
um
brel
las
Non
rubb
er f
ootw
ear
2381
., 7,
9,
3995
313,
41,
805
1,95
8
.
1,67
71,
756
4,79
75,
083
461
Stru
ctur
al c
lay
prod
ucts
325
2,43
32,
259
6,97
646
2Po
ttery
and
rel
ated
pro
duct
s32
6•
1,75
62,
115
6,42
346
3G
lass
321-
33,
027
2,97
09,
845
464
Cem
ent
324
5,66
64,
719
17,6
3546
9.A
bras
ives
and
mis
c. b
uild
ing
mat
eria
l32
7-9
2,98
43,
069
10,2
6147
147
2Sa
wm
illin
g an
d re
late
d pr
oduc
tsW
oode
n fu
rnitu
re24
3d
25 1
-42,
421
2,33
82,
228
2,00
26,
857
5,99
347
5W
oode
n co
ntai
ners
244
2,10
31,
632
4,63
447
9M
isc.
woo
d pr
oduc
ts24
92,
132
1,98
15,
915
481.
Pape
r an
d pa
perb
oard
mill
s26
1-3
, 266
3,60
23,
592
12,5
0748
2Pa
perb
oard
con
tain
ers
and
boxe
s26
52,
396
2,59
08,
287
483
Con
vert
ed p
aper
and
pap
erbo
ard
prod
ucts
264
2,65
62,
852
9,35
7
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-i (
conc
lude
d)
U.K
. Ind
ustr
ial C
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
edw
ith U
. S.
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
U. K
.
.U
.K.
Est
imat
edby
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
ySI
C N
o.A
ctua
l(1
)1
on 3
(2)
Act
ual
(3)
4911
Tir
es a
nd tu
bes
3011
2,90
43,
749
13,1
9949
12R
ubbe
r fo
otw
ear
and
othe
r pr
oduc
ts30
2-3,
306
2,56
12,
571
8,21
249
2L
inol
eum
and
oth
er c
oate
d fa
bric
s22
95, 3
982
3,08
63,
157
10,6
3249
3'B
room
s an
d br
ushe
s39
812,
283
2,52
98,
041
494
495
Toy
s an
d sp
ortin
g go
ods
Off
ice
supp
lies
394
(les
s39
42)
395
2,26
02,
737
2,32
52,
554
7,23
58,
144
496
Plas
tic m
oldi
ng a
nd f
abri
catin
g30
792,
290
2,51
57,
988
aLes
s 33
1, 2
, 333
4, 3
352,
7, 3
361,
339
1, 9
.bL
ess
3548
3-5,
355
2, 3
562,
5, 6
, 7, 3
571,
2, 9
, 358
1, 2
, 9.
CL
eSs
2511
, 2, 9
, 252
1, 2
53, 2
541,
259
, 349
4, 8
, 9.
dLes
s25
14, 5
, 252
2, 2
542.
TA
BL
E B
-2
Var
iabl
es U
sed
in C
ompa
riso
n of
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee in
Jap
an a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, 196
2(d
olla
rs)
.
U.S
.St
anda
rd I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
.
with
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee.
Japa
nE
stim
ated
Cod
eJa
pane
seJa
pan
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
yC
ode
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
201
Mea
tpro
duct
s18
112,
154
2,17
69,
528
202
Dai
ry p
rodu
cts
1812
2,47
2.2
,711
11,9
6020
31, 6
Can
ned
and
froz
en s
eafo
ods
182
1,55
21,
825
7,94
120
33C
anne
d fr
uits
and
veg
etab
les
183
1,30
52,
133
9,33
020
35Pi
ckle
s an
d sa
uces
1842
,3, 4
, 92,
939
2,57
911
,359
2044
Ric
e m
illin
g18
512,
464
14,8
6820
41Fl
our
and
mea
l18
52, 3
, 189
43,
962
3,84
417
,169
2042
Prep
ared
ani
mal
fee
ds18
543,
529
3,52
215
,681
206
Suga
r18
67,
846
3,50
415
,600
205,
207
Bak
ery,
can
dy, a
nd r
elat
ed p
rodu
cts
187
2, 1
442,
331
10,2
2920
820
92, 3
,B
ever
ages
188
3,56
33,
677.
16,3
95
5, 6
Edi
ble
oil
2651
5,30
14,
506
20,2
3720
94G
reas
e an
d ta
llow
2652
2,06
52,
830
12,5
0622
11W
eavi
ng m
ills,
cot
ton
2031
1,03
41,
396
6,02
022
2W
eavi
ng m
ills,
syn
thet
ics
2032
1,17
81,
773
7,70
722
3W
eavi
ng, f
inis
hing
mill
s, w
ool
2033
, 205
6, 9
1,85
61,
821
7,92
5
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
I
U.S
. Sta
ndar
d In
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japa
nese
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
nJa
pan
Est
imat
edby
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
yC
ode
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
224
Nar
row
-fab
ric
mill
s20
711,
101
1,73
47,
530
225
Kni
tting
mill
s20
41,
534
1,39
26,
001
226
Tex
tile
fini
shin
g, e
xcep
t woo
l20
5 (l
ess
2056
, 9)
2,11
31,
872
8,15
422
7 (l
ess
2272
)C
arpe
ts a
nd r
ugs
2096
1,29
81,
932
8,42
222
81, 2
Yar
n m
ills,
exc
ept w
ool
2021
, 2, 4
1,89
91,
402
6,04
422
83W
ool y
arn
mill
s20
231,
832
1,40
86,
073
2284
Thr
ead
mill
s20
281,
122
'1,
548
6,69
622
98C
orda
ge a
nd tw
ine
206,
207
41,
349
1,62
47,
040
2291
Felt
good
s, n
.e.c
.20
951,
815
2,66
611
,755
2292
Lac
e go
ods
2072
, 32,
175
1,51
16,
533
2297
Scou
ring
and
com
bing
pla
nts
2091
1,65
41,
830
7,96
323
1, 2
33,
236a
Men
's, w
omen
's, a
nd, c
hild
ren'
s ou
terw
ear
211
1,10
11,
365
5,88
223
21, 2
,23
4Sh
irts
, nig
htw
ear,
and
und
erw
ear
212
1,15
01,
229
5,27
323
5M
illin
ery,
hat
s, a
nd c
aps
2.13
1,56
91,
363
5,87
023
93T
extil
e ba
gs21
942,
240
1,78
67,
764
2394
Can
vas
prod
ucts
2193
1,70
61,
435
6,19
4
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
.
.U
.S.
Stan
dard
Ind
ustr
ial C
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
ed.
with
Japa
nese
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
n
.
Japa
nE
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
Cod
e N
o.A
ctua
l(1
)I
on 3
(2)
Act
ual
(3)
241,
242
Log
ging
and
saw
mill
s22
11,
430
1,44
66,
243
243
Mill
wor
k an
d re
late
d pr
oduc
ts22
2, 2
331,
768
1,70
67,
404
244
Woo
den
cont
aine
rs22
31,
351
1,32
05,
678
249
Mis
cella
neou
s w
ood
prod
ucts
229,
398
51,
407
1,56
36,
767
2511
, 2H
ouse
hold
woo
d fu
rnitu
re23
111,
507
1,57
16,
802
2514
Met
al h
ouse
hold
fur
nitu
re23
122,
208
1,76
97,
690
2515
Mattresses and bedsprings
2313
1,304
1,921
8,375
252, 253,
254,
259
261
Office and public bldg. furniture and fixtures
Pulp
mill
s239
241
1,726
4,461
2,138
3,158
9,357
14,006
262
Pape
r m
ills,
exc
ept b
uild
ing
2421
, 24,
366
3,24
214
,393
263,
266
Bui
ldin
g pa
per
and
pape
rboa
rd m
ills
2423
, 43,835
3,527
15,705
2641
Paper.coating and glazing
2431
2,483
3,405
15,141
2643
Bag
s, e
xcep
t tex
tile
bags
2451
1,76
82,
141
9,37
026
4426
4526
5
Wal
lpap
erD
ie-c
ut p
aper
and
boa
rdPa
perb
oard
con
tain
ers
and
boxe
s
2433
2432
2452
-5
1,61
23,
512
1,82
0
2,00
42,
369
2,18
4
8,75
010
,405
9,56
427
4, 2
751
2732
2752
, 3
Com
mer
cial
lette
rpre
ss p
rint
ing
Boo
k pr
intin
gC
omm
erci
al li
thog
raph
ic p
rint
ing
and
engr
avin
g
253
254
259
1,91
71,
598
1,78
2
2,11
82,
128
2,27
7
9,26
69,
308
9,98
7
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
U.S
.St
anda
rd I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japa
nese
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
nJa
pan
Est
imat
edby
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
yC
ode
No.
Actual
I on
3A
ctua
l.
(1)
(2)
(3)
2871
, 2Fe
rtili
zers
261
4,44
52,
645
11,6
5828
12, 3
, 6, 9
,28
95In
orga
nic
chem
ical
s26
23,
847
4,80
321
,620
2814
, 5, 8
2822
Org
anic
che
mic
als
263
5,81
16,
018
27,3
0128
2(l
ess
.282
2)Fi
bers
and
pla
stic
mat
eria
ls26
44,
550
4,13
918
,532
283
Dru
gs26
85,
405
5,49
124
,831
2844
Toi
let p
repa
ratio
ns26
94, 5
6, 1
346,
639
30,2
2328
41-3
,28
94C
lean
ing
agen
ts a
nd f
atty
aci
ds26
61-3
, 266
64,
424
6,37
128
,961
286
Gum
and
woo
d ch
emic
als
267
2,15
53,
618
16,1
2528
5Pa
ints
and
var
nish
es26
644,
060
3,68
216
,420
2873
, 9A
gric
ultu
ral c
hem
ical
s26
935,
393
3,77
416
,845
2891
Glu
e an
d ge
latin
2696
2,92
13,
446
15,3
3228
92E
xplo
sive
s26
913,
048
2,41
810
,624
2893
Prin
ting
ink
2665
3,08
03,
403
15,1
3329
11Pe
trol
eum
ref
inin
g.
271
12,1
685,
339
24,1
2029
92L
ubri
catin
g oi
ls a
nd g
reas
es27
23,
560
3,78
316
,888
3011
Tir
es a
nd in
ner
tube
s28
14,
442
3,33
214
,806
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2(c
ontin
ued)
U.S
.St
anda
rd I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japa
nese
Cod
e N
o.
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
n E
stim
ated
Japa
nby
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.A
ctua
l1
on 3
Act
ual
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
3021
Rub
ber
foot
wea
r28
21,
294
1,81
57,
896
3031
3069
3079
Rec
laim
ed r
ubbe
r
Fabr
icat
ed r
ubbe
r pr
oduc
ts, n
.e.c
.Pl
astic
s pr
oduc
ts, n
.e.c
.
283,
284
285
286,
289
396
2,05
22,
895
12,8
022,
407
2,35
310,329
1,94
02,
178
9,53
631
11L
eath
er ta
nnin
g an
d fi
nish
ing
291
2,43
91,
910
8,32
631
21In
dust
rial
leat
her
belti
ng29
22,
013
3,10
413
,761
3131
,31
41, 2
Foot
wea
r, e
xcep
t rub
ber
293,
294
1,74
31,
322
5,69
031
51L
eath
er g
love
s29
51,
793
972
4,13
831
61•
Lug
gage
296
1,66
91,
582
6,84
931
71H
andb
ags
and
purs
es29
72,
003
1,29
85,
582
3172,
3199
Smal
l lea
ther
goo
ds29
91,
890
1,51
36,
542
3211
3221
, 932
3132
4132
513253
Flat
gla
ssPr
esse
d an
d bl
own
glas
swar
ePr
oduc
ts o
f pu
rcha
sed
glas
sC
emen
t, hy
drau
licB
rick
and structural tile
Ceramic
wal
l and
flo
or ti
le
3011
2013
-6, 7
, 930
1830
230
323045,
6
10,2
443,
176
14,0
922,
563
2,51
911
,084
2,02
42,
474
10,8
799,
423
4,75
321
,386
1,12
81,657
7,188
1,456
2,07
69,
073
I.
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
•
U.S
.St
anda
rd I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
.
with
Japa
nese
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
n
•
Japa
nE
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
gU
.S.
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
Cod
e N
o.A
ctua
l(1
)I
on 3
(2)
Act
ual
(3)
3255
Cla
y re
frac
tori
es30
51,
709
2,14
79,
397
3259
Stru
ctur
al c
lay
prod
ucts
, n.e
.c.
3033
, 91,
347
1,96
68,
577
3261
Vitr
eous
plu
mbi
ng f
ixtu
res
3041
.1,
944
2,27
99,
992
3262
, 3C
hina
and
ear
then
war
e fo
od u
tens
ils30
421,
21.4
1,35
15,
817
3264
Porc
elai
n el
ectr
ical
sup
plie
s30
432,
119
1,89
98,
276
3269
Potte
ry p
rodu
cts,
n.e
.c.
3047
, 9.1
,235
1,41
56,
102
327
Con
cret
e an
d pl
aste
r pr
oduc
ts.
308.
2,25
22,
657
.11,
713
329
(les
s32
91)
Non
met
allic
min
eral
s, n
.e.c
.30
92,
020
2,81
712
,444
3291
Abr
asiv
e pr
oduc
ts30
72,
753
3,15
113
,977
3312
3313
Bla
st f
urna
ces
and
stee
l mill
s
Ele
ctro
met
allu
rgic
al p
rodu
cts
2761
, 311
,31
25, 3
1531
333,
658
3,10
72,
978
3,30
613
,183
14,6
8833
15, 6
, 7
332,
339
1
Stee
l pip
e, tu
bes,
and
wir
e
Iron
and
ste
el f
ound
ries
and
for
ging
313,
314
(les
s 31
33)
316,
317
3,26
82,
101
2,90
32,
168
12,8
379,
491
3331
Prim
ary
copp
er32
113,
131
3,62
716
,167
3333
Prim
ary
zinc
3213
3,57
42,
066
9,03
033
34Pr
imar
y al
umin
um32
147,
418
6,04
027
,407
334
Seco
ndar
y no
nfer
rous
met
als
322
2,59
82,
723
12,0
1.4
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
U.S
. Sta
ndar
d In
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
n E
stim
ated
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
Japa
nese
Cod
e N
o.Ja
pan
Act
ual
(1)
by R
egre
ssin
g1
on 3
(2)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)
3351
3352
3356
3357
336,
339
234
134
2134
2334
2534
2934
334
41, 9
3442
3443
, 4,
Cop
per
rolli
ng a
nd d
raw
ing
Alu
min
um r
ollin
g an
d dr
awin
gR
ollin
g an
d dr
awin
g, n
.e.c
.N
onfe
rrou
s w
ire
draw
ing,
etc
.N
onfe
rrou
s fo
undr
ies
and
forg
ings
Met
al c
ans
Cut
lery
Edg
e to
ols
Han
d sa
ws
and
saw
bla
des
Har
dwar
e, n
.e.c
.Pi
umbi
ng a
nd n
onel
ectr
ic h
eatin
gFa
bric
ated
str
uctu
ral s
teel
Met
al d
oors
, sas
h, a
nd tr
im
3231
3233
3232
, 932
532
433
133
21, 3
3322
3326
3324
, 5, 7
, 933
333
4133
42
2,75
63,
183
3,31
43,
323
2,13
12,
542
1,93
72,
339
2,08
42,
041
2,08
02,
512
2,85
8
2,62
42,
551
2,64
42,
715
2,15
33,
277
2,06
22,
417
2,78
02,
445
2,59
72,
122
2,08
7
11,5
6411
,229
11,6
5511
,979
9,42
514
,554
9,01
010
,621
12,2
7710
,750
11,4
389,
281
9,12
3
349
1B
oile
r sh
op p
rodu
cts,
met
al d
rum
s,
345
346,
347
3492
, 3, 6
,
barr
els,
etc
.Sc
rew
mac
hine
pro
duct
s an
d bo
ltsM
etal
sta
mpi
ngs
3343
, 341
133
733
5
2,31
61,
785
1,78
4
2,16
72,
342
2, 1
25
9,48
510
,282
9,29
8
7, 9
Mis
c. f
abri
cate
d m
etal
pro
duct
s33
9 (l
ess
3396
)2,
030
2,40
610
,570
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
U.S
. Sta
ndar
d In
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japa
nese
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
n E
stim
ated
Japa
nby
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
yC
bde
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
.3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
3481
3511
Fabr
icat
ed w
ire
prod
ucts
, n.e
.c.
Stea
m e
ngin
es a
nd tu
rbin
es33
634
122,
441
9,37
52,
126
2,79
19,
300
12,3
25.3
519
Inte
rnal
com
bust
ion
engi
nes
3413
, 4, 9
2,11
82,
607
11,4
8435
2Fa
rm m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent
342
2,66
42,
578
11,3
5235
31, 2
Min
ing
and
cons
truc
tion
mac
hine
ry34
312,
163
2,59
211
,420
3534,5
Elevators and conveyors
3473
,43,
356
3,26
214
,487
3537
Industrial trucks and tractors
3432
3,319
2,423
10,648
354
Met
alw
orki
ng m
achi
nery
344
2,796
2,576
11,345
3551
Food
pro
duct
s m
achi
nery
3461
2,33
92,
595
11,4
3135
52T
extil
e m
achi
nery
345
2,10
92,
053
8,97
035
53W
oodw
orki
ng m
achi
nery
3462
2,21
92,
602
11,4
6135
54Pa
per
indu
stri
es m
achi
nery
3463
3,17
62,
316
10,1
6335
55Pr
intin
g tr
ades
mac
hine
ry34
642,
293
2,76
412
,201
3559
3561
,4
Spec
ial i
ndus
try
mac
hine
ry, n
.e.c
.
Pum
ps, c
ompr
esso
rs, b
low
ers,
fan
s,et
c.
3465
, 934
7834
71, 2
2,95
43,
317
2,45
22,
532
10,7
8211
,143
3566
Pow
er tr
ansm
issi
on e
quip
men
t34
752,
753
2,57
511
,340
3567
Industrial furnaces and ovens
3476
2,224
2,414
10,607
3569
General industry machinery, n.e.c.
3477, 9
2,633
1,973
8,609
3571, 2
Typewriters and office machines
3481
3,817
2,372
10,415
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
U.S
. Sta
ndar
d In
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japa
nese
Cod
e N
o.
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
nA
ctua
l(1
)
Japa
n E
stim
ated
by R
egre
ssin
g1
on 3
(2)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)
Cod
eN
o.N
ame
of I
ndus
try
3579
'35
89O
ffic
e an
d se
rvic
e in
dust
ry m
achi
nes,
n.e.
c.34
892,
347
3,02
013
,376
3585
Ref
rige
ratio
n.in
achi
nery
, n.e
.c.
3483
2,36
62,
460
10,8
1934
94V
alve
s an
d pi
pe f
ittin
gs34
922,
667
2,60
611
,481
3498
Fabr
icat
ed p
ipe
and
fitti
ngs
3493
1,71
82,
451
10,7
7435
62B
all a
nd r
olle
r be
arin
gs34
943,
304
2,64
911
,676
3599
Mac
hine
sho
ps34
95, 9
2,10
12,
208
9,67
236
11E
lect
ric
mea
suri
ng in
stru
men
ts35
72,
631
2,25
69,
892
3612
, 3,
3643
3621
Ele
ctri
c dI
stri
butio
n pr
oduc
tsM
otor
s an
d ge
nera
tors
3512
-435
112,
651
2,78
42,
422
2,36
310
,644
10,3
7536
24C
arbo
n an
d gr
aphi
te p
rodu
cts
306
2,74
82,
988
13,2
2936
23W
eldi
ng a
ppar
atus
3516
3,56
13,
032
13,4
3136
2936
3 (l
ess
3636
)36
41
Ele
ctri
c in
dust
rial
goo
ds, n
.e.c
. bE
lect
ric
hous
ehol
d ap
plia
nces
Ele
ctri
c la
mps
3519
352
353
2,32
1
3,92
51,
523
1,77
7
2,98
43,
647
7,72
4
13,2
1016
,256
3642
Lig
htin
g fi
xtur
es35
152,
521
2,40
610
,569
3651
Rad
ios
and
TV
rec
eivi
ng s
ets
3543
, 44,
947
2,38
510
,475
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-2 (
cont
inue
d)
U.S
.St
anda
rd I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japanese
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
nJapan Estimated
by
Reg
ress
ing
U.S
.C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y.
Cod
e N
o.A
ctua
l(1
)1
on 3
(2)
Act
ual
(3)
3661, 2
367
Com
mun
icat
ions
equ
ipm
ent
Ele
ctro
nic
components
3541
,2, 5
,6,
9
355, 3569
1,962
3,160
2,439
1,987
10,723
8,670
3693
X-ray and therapeutic apparatus
3561
2,339
2,767
12,216
3691
Stor
age
batte
ries
3591
4,187
2,933
12,976
3692
•Primary batteries, dry and wet
3592
2,116
2,964
13,119
3694
Engine electrical equipment
3517
1,914
2,638
11,628
3699
Electrical products, n.e.c.
3599
1,659
1,862
8,110
3713, 7
Motor vehicles and parts
361
3,952
3,939
17,607
3721
Aircraft
3651
2,827
2,349
10,313
3722
Aircraft engines and parts
3652
2,936
2,524
11,106
3732
Boat building
3642, 3
1,379
1,511
6,533
374
Railroad equipment
362
2,612
2,728
12,037
3811
Scientificinstruments
374
2,691
2,605
11,477
382
Mechanical measuring devices
371, 372
2,064
2,448
10,761
3831,
3851
384
Opt
ical
inst
rum
ents
and
oph
thal
mic
good
s
Medical
inst
rum
ents
and
sup
plie
s
3012, 375,
376°
2098
, 373
1,70
51,
978
1,90
32,
722
8,29
212
,013
(con
tinue
d)
•TA
BLE
B-2
(co
nclu
ded)
U.S
. Sta
ndar
d In
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
Japa
nese
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Japa
nJa
pan
Est
imat
edby
Reg
ress
ing
Cod
e.
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
yC
ode
No.
Act
ual
(1)
1 on
3(2
)A
ctua
l(3
)
3861 (less
.
38615,6,7)
Photographic equipment
3752, 3
1,773
3,202
14,212
38615, 6, 7
Sensitized photographic materials
2697
4,004
4,997
22,525
387
Watches and clocks
377
2,121
2,187
9,579
391
Jewelry and silverware
391
2,376
2,090
9,137
393
Musical instruments and parts
392
1,959
1,747
7,588
394
Toys and sporting goods
393
1,365
2,016
8,802
395
Office supplies
394
2,395
2,288
10,033
396
Costume jewelry and notions
395
1,734
1,678
7,281
3984
Candles
2667
1,338
1,734
7,530
Not
e:n.
e.c.
=no
tel
sew
here
cla
ssif
ied.
2328
and
238
5.bE
xcep
t sew
ing
mac
hine
s.cL
ess
3752
and
375
3.
I
TA
BL
E B
-3
Var
iabl
es U
sed
in C
ompa
riso
n of
Val
ue A
dded
Per
Em
ploy
ee in
Ind
ia (
1961
) an
d th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(19
63)
(dol
lars
)
.
.
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
1 on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
202
1,2
Man
ufac
ture
of
milk
foo
ds a
nd o
ther
dair
y pr
oduc
ts20
21,
066
891
12,4
0020
3C
anni
ng a
nd p
rese
rvin
g of
fru
its a
ndve
geta
bles
2033
,4,5
,743
877
610
,666
204
Can
ning
and
pre
serv
ing
of f
ish
and
othe
r se
afoo
ds.2
031,
692
258
57,
849
2052
Ric
e m
ills
2044
308
1,31
218
,916
2051
,3Fl
our
mill
s.
2041
793
1,16
716
,652
206
Man
ufac
ture
of
bake
ry p
rodu
cts
205
1,08
778
610
,818
2071
Sugar
206
899
1,283
18,460
208
Manufacture of cocoa, chocolate, and
sugar confectionery
2071,2
774
820
11,330
2093
Hydrogenated oil
2096
1,66
41,
354
19,5
762099
Salt
28991
451
.1,
340
19,363
211,2
Spirits and wine
2084,5
741
2,098
31,551
213
.B
rew
erie
s an
d m
anuf
actu
re o
f m
alt
.20
82,3
.3,376.
1,419
20,598
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
I on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
214
Soft
dri
nks
and
carb
onat
ed w
ater
indu
stri
es20
86,7
1,21
61,
001
14,0
9222
02,3
Cig
ars
and
ciga
rette
s21
11,2
121
1,90
81,
800
26,7
0223
11
2313
Cot
ton
text
iles
Woo
len
text
iles
2211
,22
811,
222
31,2
283
676
835
452
583
5,92
47,
812
23 1
4,5
Silk
and
art
ific
ial s
ilk22
2166
356
27,
504
2316
Web
bing
, nar
row
fab
rics
em
broi
dery
and
.
lace
man
ufac
turi
ng22
41,2
292
467
545
7,26
723
17T
extil
es d
yein
g, b
leac
hing
, etc
.22
664
061
18,
221
2318
Thr
ead
and
thre
adba
ll m
akin
g22
8498
456
47,
539
2319
Car
pet w
eavi
ng22
71,9
267
635
8,58
123
2K
nitti
ng m
ills
225
517
481
6,33
123
3C
orda
ge, r
ope,
, and
twin
e in
dust
ries
2298
485
489
'6,
459
2395
,6C
oate
d fa
bric
and
lino
leum
2295
,398
21,
202
1,06
415
,057
2398
Tar
paul
ins,
tent
s, s
ails
, and
oth
er m
ade-
upca
nvas
goo
ds23
9452
449
86,
583
243
1,3
2432
Clo
thin
g an
d ta
ilori
ng
Um
brel
la m
anuf
actu
re
22 (
less
239)
3995
302
482
457
.470
5,99
96,
183
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)
241
25.1
I25
1225
2
27 1
1—3
27 1
4,6
2715
,728
01,2
291
293
3001
3002
,430
0331
111,
331
121
Man
ufac
ture
of
foot
wea
rSa
wm
illin
gPl
ywoo
dW
oode
n an
d ca
ne c
onta
iner
s an
d ca
nesm
all w
are
Pulp
and
pap
er m
ills
Pape
rboa
rdPa
per
and
pape
r pr
oduc
tsPr
intin
g an
d bo
okbi
ndin
g
Tan
nery
and
leat
her
fini
shin
g pl
ants
Man
ufac
ture
of
leat
her
prod
ucts
, exc
ept
foot
wea
r an
d ot
her
wea
ring
app
arel
Tir
es a
nd tu
bes
Surg
ical
and
med
ical
pro
duct
s of
rub
ber
Rub
ber
foot
wea
rFe
rtili
zers
Hea
vy c
hem
ical
s—in
orga
nic
313,
314
242
2432
488
1,065
950
1,21
1
696
3111
504
460
6,03
249
16,
480
627
8,453
431
5,63
01,
051
14,8
511,
240
17,7
9377
210
,613
725
9,90
964
38,
692
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
anIn
dust
rial
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
1 on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
>C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
781
325
523
244
261.
1,26
2126
31,2
661
264,265
275,
276,
277,
2789
312,
316,
317,
319
553
6,58
6301
4,715
1,093
15,502
30697
837
793
10,924
3021
788
557
7,443
2871,2
1,238
956
13,393
2812,9
1,351
1,535
22,450
(con
tinue
d)C
o
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)00
Val
ueA
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee.
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
1 on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
3113
,5Sy
nthe
tic r
esin
s an
d m
an-m
ade
fibe
rs28
22,
844
1,36
819
,800
3116
Exp
losi
ves
incl
udin
g gu
npow
der
and
safety fuses
2892
920
810
11,187
3117
3118
Dyestuffs
Turpentine and rosin
28152,3
2816
28611
4,654
1,893
.
1,43
11,195
20,799
17,080
313
Manufacture of paints, varnishes, and
lacq
uers
285
1,248
1,263
18,144
3196
Soap
s an
d gl
ycer
ine
2841
3,00
32,
424
36,9
3631
95D
rugs
and
pha
rmac
eutic
als
283
1,98
21,
902
28,3
5631
97Pe
rfum
es, c
osm
etic
s, a
nd o
ther
toile
t.
.preparations
2844
781
2,362
35,904
3198
Matches
3983
618
8,320
3192
Inse
ctic
ides
, fun
gici
des,
and
wee
dici
des
2879
1,82
11,
343
19,3
9831
910
Glu
e an
d ge
latin
2891
592
1,20
617
,252
321
Petr
oleu
m r
efin
erie
s29
11,2
992
9,79
81,
764
26,1
2233
11—
3Fi
re b
rick
s an
d re
frac
tori
es32
55,9
505
704
9,59
73314
Tiles
3251,3
341
589
7,898
332
1,4—
6Pr
esse
d an
d bl
own
glas
swar
e32
2,32
339
082
211
,370
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
I on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
3322
Shee
t and
pla
te g
lass
3211
625
1,12
415
,974
3331
Chi
naw
are
and
potte
ry32
633
248
66,
403
3332
Sani
tary
war
e an
d w
hite
war
e32
6137
379
410
,937
334
Man
ufac
ture
of
cem
ent
3241
1,46
61,
541
22,5
3633
91A
sbes
tos
cem
ent
3292
41,
166
954
13,3
6233
92H
ume
pipe
s an
d ot
her
cem
ent a
ndco
ncre
te p
rodu
cts
3272
563
753
10,325
39916
Stone and slate products
3281
310
539
7,16
8
3411
Iron and steel (metal)
3312
1,488
1,060
14,996
3396
Grinding wheels and abrasives
3291
1,621
1,046
14,782
3412
Ferro-alloys
3313
2,013
992
13,941
3413
Iron and steel
and forgings
332,3391
393
730
9,981
3414
Iron and steel structurals
344
643
724
9,892
3415
Iron and steel pipes
3317
1,347
924
12,902
342
Non
ferr
ous
basi
c m
etal
indu
stri
es33
31,
666
1,42
820
,754
2602,3
3501
Furniture and fixtures, metal
Metal containers and steel trunks
2514,5,
2522,2542
341,3491
811
1,103
717
1,054
9,788
14,903
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)C
o
.V
alue
Add
edpe
r E
mpl
oyee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
1 on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
3502
Cut
lery
, loc
ks, e
tc.
3421
(le
ss34
212)
,342
9458
074
610
,229
3503
Bol
ts, n
uts,
nai
ls, s
crew
s, s
prin
gs,
3606
1
chai
ns, e
tc.
Bal
l, ro
ller,
and
tape
red
bear
ings
345,
348,
3493
3562
817
1,11
677
486
410
,635
11,9
9835
04E
nam
elin
g, ja
pann
ing
and
lacq
ueri
ng,
galv
aniz
ing,
pla
ting,
etc
.34
759
162
68,
452
3507
Safe
s an
d va
ults
3492
370
1,17
716
,803
3501
0H
and
tool
s an
d sm
all t
ools
3423
,599
884
811
,753
3501
2Sa
nita
ry a
nd p
lum
bing
fix
ture
s an
d fi
tting
sof
met
al34
31,2
425
816
11,2
7036
0.11
1,2
Typ
ewri
ters
and
off
ice
mac
hine
s35
71,2
1,72
284
811
,754
3607
Mac
hine
tool
s35
486
984
611
,728
3601
2W
eigh
ing
mac
hine
s35
7697
280
911
,164
3603
Inte
rnal
com
bust
ion
engi
nes
3519
1,03
594
113
,174
360411
Paper machinery
3554
592
844
11,689
36041
Textile machinery, etc.
3552
648
645
8,726
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)
Val
ue A
dded
per
Em
ploy
ee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
1 on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
3604
14Fo
od p
rodu
cts
mac
hine
ry35
5176
286
512
,006
3604
9C
hem
ical
mac
hine
ry35
591
725
830
11,4
7936
0513
Ref
rige
ratio
n pl
ants
for
indu
stri
al u
se35
851,
301
887
12,3
4136
081,
2Fa
rm m
achi
nery
and
equ
ipm
ent
3522
667
851
11,7
9536
0511
Pow
er-d
rive
n pu
mps
—re
cipr
ocat
ing,
cent
rifu
gal,
etc.
3561
184
289
612
,477
3605
12A
ir a
nd g
as c
ompr
esso
rs a
nd v
acuu
m p
umps
356
14,6
1,27
.984
111
,656
3601
13H
ouse
hold
air
con
ditio
ners
and
ref
rige
rato
rs36
321,
150
1,03
814
,658
.360115
Sewing and knitting machines
3636
940
921
12,860
36052
Conveying equipment—bucket elevators,
skip hoists, etc.
3535,6
747
904
12,607
37011
Equipment for generation,
tran
smis
sion
, and
3701
2
distribution of electricity
Electrical
mot
ors
36 12,3
35111
3621.
845
1,025
.
834
768
11,542
10,547
3701
3E
lect
rica
l fan
s36
341
1,11
084
211
,670
3701
4E
lect
rica
l lam
ps36
4195
31,
091
15,4
7737
016
Ele
ctri
cal c
able
s an
d w
ires
3357
,331
511,
826
865.
12,0
14
I 00(c
ontin
ued)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
cont
inue
d)
,V
alue
Add
edpe
r E
mpl
oyee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
l Cla
ssif
icat
ion
Mat
ched
with
U.S
.SI
C C
ode
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
1 on
3(2
)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
e of
Ind
ustr
y
3701
9H
ouse
hold
app
lianc
es, s
uch
as e
lect
ric
3701
10
iron
s, h
eate
rs, e
tc.
Stor
age
batte
ries
3634
3,36
35,9
3691
673
1,43
494
999
213
,295
13,9
4237
0111
Dry
cel
ls36
921,
344
958
13,4
2137
021,
2T
elep
hone
and
Tel
egra
ph a
ppar
atus
3661
727
820
11,3
3137
023,
4R
adio
com
mun
icat
ion
appa
ratu
s an
d
3812
rece
iver
s
Boa
tbui
ldin
g
3651
1,3
3662
,367
137
321,
120
663
795
552
10,9
637,
363
383
Man
ufac
ture
of
mot
or v
ehic
les
3717
1,27
21,
317
18,9
9538
5M
anuf
actu
re o
f m
otor
cycl
es a
nd b
icyc
les
3751
868
631
8,51
2
Scie
ntif
ic a
nd m
edic
al in
stru
men
ts38
1,38
2,38
484
985
011
,789
3924
Man
ufac
ture
of
phot
ogra
phic
and
393
optic
al g
oods
—ot
hers
Man
ufac
ture
of
wat
ches
and
clo
cks
3831
,385
1,38
611,
338
742
444
876
575
310
,512
10,3
27
(con
tinue
d)
TA
BL
E B
-3 (
conc
lude
d)
9,63
49,
972
7,8 14
12,368
10,089
8,64
9
Co
.
.V
alue
Add
edpe
r E
mpl
oyee
Indi
aE
stim
ated
by
Indi
an I
ndus
tria
lC
lass
ific
atio
nM
atch
edw
ith U
.S.
SIC
Cod
e
Indi
aA
ctua
l(1
)
Reg
ress
ing
.1 o
n 3
(2)
U.S
.A
ctua
l(3
)C
ode
No.
Nam
eof
Ind
ustr
y
3941
Jew
elry
391
628
706
3993
,4Pe
ns a
nd p
enci
ls39
5 1,
263
072
939
95B
utto
nmak
ing
3963
1,07
358
339
97Pl
astic
mol
ded
good
s3Q
793
700
888
3991
0B
room
s an
d br
ushe
s39
8160
673
739911,2
Toys, games, and sportgoods
394
349
640
188 Appendix B
TABLE B-4
Linearity and Bartlett Tests for Bilateral Comparisonsof Value Added per Employee
TestNumber ofIndustries
ArithmeticForm
LogarithmicForm
LinearityU.S—U.K. 103 1.16 .08
(8,93) (8,93)U.S.—Japan 178 367*
(5,171)
1.10
(8,168)
U.S.—India 117 5.21*
(9,106)
1.85
(18,97)
BartlettU.S.—U.K. 103 67.18**
(4)12.54
(4)IJ.S.—Japan . 178 143.88** 25.57**
169
(7)
56.06**
(5)
. (7)928(5)
U.S.—India 117
76
169.38t*
(5)
29.75**
(3)
26.29**
(5)
.85
(3)
Note: See Table A-4 for sources of tests used. Numbers in paren-theses indicate degrees of freedom for each statistic.
*Variables not linearly related at 1 per cent level of confidence.**Variances significantly different from one another at I per cent
level of confidence.