appendix 7a baseline climate and aq jan-19-09 kh...station type station name utm nad83 elevation mn...
TRANSCRIPT
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-1 January 2009
Appendix 7A Baseline Climate and Ambient AirQuality
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-2 Maxim Power Corp.
7A.1 Baseline Climate and Meteorology
Climate and meteorology determine the transport and dispersion of industrial emissions, and hence play
a significant role in determining air quality downwind of emission sources. Several climate and
meteorological parameters can impact ambient air quality, including wind speed, atmospheric stability,
and mixing height. A more detailed discussion of each of these parameters is presented in Appendix 7C.
To determine the possible interactions between the Project and climate and the effect of climate on the
Project, the following aspects of the atmospheric environment were characterized:
air temperature
precipitation
wind
Meteorological data collected in the region near the proposed Project site were analyzed to characterize
the existing regional climate. Historical meteorological data are available for the Grande Cache Canadian
Climate Normal Station (CCNS) for the 30-year period from 1971 to 2000 (Environment Canada 2007).
Wind data are available from the Clean Air Strategic Alliance (CASA) data warehouse for the
Beaverlodge and Henry Pirker Continuous Monitoring Stations (CMS) (CASA 2008). The geographic
coordinates and elevations of monitoring stations for which meteorological data were analyzed are
provided in Table 7A-1 and the locations are shown on Figure 7A-1.
Table 7A-1 Location of Monitoring Stations Selected for Analysis
Station Type Station Name UTM NAD83 Elevation(m ASL)mN mE Zone
CCNS Grande Cache 362026 5974439 11 1250
CMS Beaverlodge 342152 6120215 11 750
CMS Henry Pirker 385444 6097322 11 655
NOTES:
CCNS – Canadian Climate Normal Station: 1971-2000 (Environment Canada 2008).
CMS - Continuous Monitoring Station. Clean Air Strategic Alliance: 2003-2007 (CASA 2008).
7A.1.1 Air Temperature
Table 7A-2 summarizes the historical seasonal and annual mean air temperatures at the Grande Cache
CCNS. A more detailed breakdown of the monthly mean temperatures is shown in Figure 7A-2. Extreme
maximum and minimum temperatures are presented in Figure 7A-3. The historical extreme temperatures
at this location range from -43.0°C to 32.0°C.
Table 7A-2 Historical Seasonal and Annual Mean Daily TemperaturesMeasured at the Grande Cache Meteorological Station
Station
Mean Daily Temperature(°C)
Winter1
Spring2
Summer3
Fall4
Annual
Grande Cache CCNS -7.0 2.4 12.4 2.9 2.7
SOURCE: Environment Canada (2008)
NOTES:1Winter months: December, January, February
2Spring months: March, April, May
3Summer months: June, July, August
4Fall months: September, October, November
PREPARED BY
PREPARED FOR
FIGURE NO.
N:/
Sh
are
d/1
033
37
2_
Maxim
Pow
er
Co
al P
roje
ct/
Clim
ate
/Fig
ure
A-1
.srf
HR MILNER EXPANSION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Location of Meteorological Stations Selected for Analysis
7A-1
280000 300000 320000 340000 360000 380000 400000 420000 440000
280000 300000 320000 340000 360000 380000 400000 420000 440000
59
60
000
59
80
00
06
00
000
06
02
000
06
04
00
00
60
600
00
60
800
00
61
00
00
06
120
00
0
59
60
000
59
80
00
06
00
000
06
02
000
06
04
00
00
60
600
00
60
800
00
61
00
00
06
120
00
0
Grande Cache
Beaverlodge
Henry Pirker
40
0
55
0
70
0
85
0
10
00
11
50
13
00
14
50
16
00
17
50
19
00
20
50
22
00
23
50
25
00
26
50
28
00
29
50
31
00
32
50
34
00
Terrain Elevation (m asl)
Project Site
0 15000 30000 45000
NAD 83 UTM Zone 11
Distance (m)
CMS
CCNS
Map Features
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-4 Maxim Power Corp.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Te
mp
era
ture
(oC
)
Mean Daily Temperature
Mean Maximum Temperature
Mean Minimum Temperature
Figure 7A-2 Historical Mean Daily Temperatures Measured at the GrandeCache Meteorological Station
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Te
mp
era
ture
(oC
)
Extreme Maximum Daily Temperature
Extreme Minimum Daily Temperature
Figure 7A-3 Historical Extreme Maximum and Minimum TemperaturesMeasured at the Grande Cache Meteorological Station
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-5 January 2009
7A.1.2 Precipitation
Table 7A-3 presents the monthly mean and maximum daily rainfall, snowfall and total precipitation for the
Grande Cache CCNS. Precipitation is an important factor in determining the potential impacts of climate
on the project. For example, extreme periods of rainfall or snowfall could delay construction activities.
June, July and August are typically the wettest months of the year in Grand Cache. The historical
maximum daily rainfall at the Grande Cache CCNS occurred during the month of June (88.9 mm). The
months with the most snowfall are December and March. The maximum historical daily snowfall in
Grande Cache was recorded during the month of May (61.2 cm). In Alberta, snowfall typically accounts
for 30 percent to 35 percent of the annual precipitation. A persistent snow cover can be expected in
Alberta from mid-November to late March (Environment Canada 1990).
The annual average precipitation recorded at the Grande Cache CCNS from 1971-2000 is 539.6 mm.
Monthly average precipitation ranges from 24.9 mm to 83.2 mm.
Figures 7A-4, 7A-5 and 7A-6 are graphical representations of the historical mean monthly and maximum
daily rainfall, snowfall and precipitation by month, respectively.
Table 7A-3 Historical Mean Monthly and Maximum Daily Rainfall Measured atthe Grande Cache Meteorological Station
Rainfall(mm)
Snowfall(cm)
Total Precipitation(mm)
MeanMonthly
MaximumDaily
MeanMonthly
MaximumDaily
MeanMonthly
MaximumDaily
January 3.4 13.0 23.2 44.0 24.9 44.0
February 1.5 9.0 25.7 22.0 26.6 22.0
March 3.2 8.0 28.8 25.0 30.5 25.0
April 9.2 23.8 16.9 17.5 25.6 24.6
May 42.9 41.0 14.1 61.2 57.8 62.8
June 67.9 88.9 1.2 15.0 69.0 88.9
July 83.2 59.1 0 0 83.2 59.1
August 69.3 49.6 0.9 9.4 70.1 49.6
September 46.3 29.5 6.0 36.0 52.5 39.0
October 18.4 16.0 16.1 30.0 34.3 30.0
November 6.2 21.8 28.3 20.8 33.6 32.0
December 4.1 24.9 30.5 40.1 31.5 38.1
Annual 355.6 - 191.7 - 539.6 -
SOURCE: Environment Canada (2008)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-6 Maxim Power Corp.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ra
infa
ll(m
m)
Mean Monthly Rainfall
Maximum Daily Rainfall
Figure 7A-4 Historical Monthly Mean and Maximum Daily Rainfall Measured atthe Grande Cache Meteorological Station
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sn
ow
fall
(cm
)
Mean Monthly Snowfall
Maximum Daily Snowfall
Figure 7A-5 Historical Monthly Mean and Maximum Daily Snowfall Measuredat the Grande Cache Meteorological Station
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-7 January 2009
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
To
talP
recip
ita
tio
n(m
m)
Mean Monthly Total Precipitation
Maximum Daily Total Precipitation
Figure 7A-6 Historical Monthly Mean and Maximum Daily Total PrecipitationMeasured at the Grande Cache Meteorological Station
7A.1.3 Wind
To characterize winds, data collected from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 at the Beaverlodge
and Henry Pirker Continuous Monitoring Station (CMS) were analyzed. These stations were selected
because they are two of the closest continuous monitoring stations to the Project site that collect wind
speed and wind direction data. The Beaverlodge station is located on the Agriculture and Agri-Foods
Canada Research site and the Henry Pirker station is located approximately 15 km south of Grande
Prairie.
Table 7A-4 shows a summary of the maximum and average recorded wind speeds at both locations. Also
presented is the frequency of recorded calms (defined as winds with speeds of less than 0.5 m/s) and
other wind speed classes. The mean and maximum wind speeds are comparable at both sites, however
the Beaverlodge site has a higher frequency of recorded calms.
Table 7A-4 Summary of Wind Speed Data as Observed at the Henry Pirkerand Hinton Continuous Monitoring Stations
Station
MaximumWindSpeed(m/s)
MeanWindSpeed(m/s)
Frequency of Wind Speed Classes(%)
Calms<0.5 m/s
0.5–2.1m/s
2.1–3.6m/s
3.6–5.7m/s >5.7 m/s
Beaverlodge 13.2 2.40 3.8 54.3 21.6 13.1 7.2
Henry Pirker 13.4 2.97 0.1 39.4 35.5 16.9 8.1
SOURCE: CASA (2008)
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-8 Maxim Power Corp.
Wind roses are a graphic means of presenting wind speed and direction frequency data. The length of the
radial barbs gives the total percent frequency of winds from the indicated direction, while coloured
portions of the barbs indicate the frequency of associated wind speed categories. Figure 7A-7 presents
wind roses of annual wind speed and direction frequency distributions for the Beaverlodge and Henry
Pirker stations for the period of January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007. The Beaverlodge wind rose
shows that the predominant winds at this site are from the west, while the Henry Pirker wind rose shows
that the predominant winds are from the west-southwest. Winds at the project site likely resemble those
measured at the Henry Pirker station, as the project is located in a valley where wind flow from the
southwest will be dominant due to terrain influences.
7A.2 Baseline Ambient Air Quality
Ambient air quality monitoring measurements provide an indication of air quality levels associated with
existing sources. This section provides an overview of the magnitude and trends associated with ambient
air quality measured at and around the project site.
This Appendix also includes a review of two recent dispersion assessments performed in this area for
regulatory purposes (Section 7A.2.3). The first was performed for Milner Power at the behest of AENV as
part of an Approval renewal of the H.R. Milner Generating Station (RWDI Air 2005). The most recent was
performed in conjunction with the Grand Cache Coal Application for the No. 8 Mine (AMEC 2008)
7A.2.1 Information Sources
An analysis was completed of ambient air quality monitoring data collected at selected continuous
monitoring stations at or near the Project site. Site-specific data were obtained from Milner Power Inc. for
the period of January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007. Additional data were obtained from the Clean Air
Strategic Alliance (CASA) Database for the Beaverlodge monitoring station. This assessment will focus
on sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5),
and ozone (O3), monitored continuously at the selected ambient air quality monitoring stations for the
period January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007.
A summary of the station locations and parameters monitored are provided in Table 7A-5.
Table 7A-5 Summary of Continuous Ambient Monitoring Stations Selectedfor Analysis
Station NameUTM NAD 83 Zone 11 Elevation
maslParameters Monitored
mE mN
Site Specific 362000 5986000 915 SO2, NO2, NOX
Beaverlodge 342152 6120215 750 SO2, NO2, NOX, PM2.5, O3
SOURCE: CASA (2008), Milner Power Inc. (2007)
Milner Power Inc. also operates several static monitors in the area, including one TPM monitor, eight
dustfall monitors and eight total sulphation monitors. This data is presented and discussed in
Section 7A.2.2.
In addition to the information sources presented above, ambient air quality data measured locally is also
available. Grande Cache Coal Corporation operates one TPM monitor and one PM2.5 monitor close to the
Project site. This data is presented and discussed in Section 7A.2.3.
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-9 January 2009
Beaverlodge
Henry Pirker
SOURCE: CASA (2008)
Figure 7A-7 Wind rose of Hourly Wind Speed and Direction FrequencyDistributions as observed at the Beaverlodge and Henry PirkerContinuous Monitoring Stations
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-10 Maxim Power Corp.
7A.2.1.1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Concentrations
Ambient SO2 concentrations are routinely measured on a continuous basis at both the site-specific and
Beaverlodge monitoring stations. Table 7A-6 provides an overview of the one-hour average frequency
statistics based on measurements for the 2-year period, January 2006 to December 2007. The one-hour
SO2 Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objective (AAAQO) of 450 µg/m3
was not exceeded at any time during
the period at either site. Figure 7A-8 shows the one-hour SO2 concentrations at both continuous
monitoring stations.
Table 7A-6 Summary of One-hour Average SO2 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (AAAQO = 450 µg/m3)
One-hour Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specifica
Beaverlodge
Maximum 199 139
99.9th Percentile 89.0 28.0
99th Percentile 57.6 9.68
95th Percentile 34.0 5.23
90th Percentile 23.6 3.66
Median 7.85 0.52
Average 10.6 1.48
Available Data (%) 81.2 95.1
NOTES:a
SO2 monitor failed during the period from June 15, 2007 to September 12, 2007. Therefore this data wasremoved from the analysis.
Table 7A-7 provides an overview of the 24-hour average frequency statistics for the two monitoring sites.
The 24-hour AAAQO for SO2 is 150 µg/m3
and was not exceeded at any time during the 2-year period.
Table 7A-7 Summary of 24-hour Average SO2 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (AAAQO = 150 µg/m3)
24-hour Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specifica
Beaverlodge
Maximum 49.7 18.2
99.9th Percentile 39.8 11.6
99th Percentile 28.8 7.85
95th Percentile 20.9 4.52
90th Percentile 18.3 3.36
Median 10.5 0.88
Average 10.6 1.47
NOTES:a
SO2 monitor failed during the period from June 15, 2007 to September 12, 2007. Therefore this data wasremoved from the analysis.
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-11 January 2009
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
On
e-h
ou
rS
O2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQO = 450 µg/m3
Site-Specific
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
On
e-h
ou
rS
O2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQO = 450 µg/m3
Beaverlodge
Figure 7A-8 Ambient One-hour SO2 Concentrations Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge Monitoring Stations.
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-12 Maxim Power Corp.
Table 7A-8 provides the annual average SO2 concentrations for 2006 and 2007 individually and for the
full 2-year period. The annual AAAQO for SO2 is 30 µg/m3. The AAAQO was not exceeded during either
of the 2-years.
Table 7A-8 Summary of Annual Average SO2 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (AAAQO = 30 µg/m3)
Annual Average Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specifica
Beaverlodge
2006 9.89 1.53
2007 11.5 1.52
Full Period 10.7 1.52
NOTES:a
SO2 monitor failed during the period from June 15, 2007 to September 12, 2007. Therefore this data wasremoved from the analysis.
SO2 Passive Sampling
Table 7A-9 provides a summary of SO2 passive sampling data for the period from May 2006 to July 2008.
Passive samplers are more accurate for the lower concentration levels, and therefore provide more
accurate concentrations for annual averages. Since there is only one complete year of data available
(2007), annual average concentrations for the three individual years were not calculated. Instead, the
period average and monthly maximum SO2 concentrations are presented.
Table 7A-9 Summary of Monthly SO2 Concentrations (µg/m3) from PassiveSampling
Station
SO2 Concentration(µg/m
3)
27 Month Average Monthly Maximum
Blue Bridge 1.71 8.11
Wynandie 2.55 4.45
Gas Line 6.55 11.0
Haul Road 6.11 12.3
7A.2.1.2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Concentrations
Ambient NOX and NO2 concentrations are monitored on a continuous basis at the site-specific continuous
monitoring station and the Beaverlodge monitoring station. Tables 7A-10 and 7A-11 provide an overview
of the one-hour average NOX and NO2 frequency statistics respectively, based on measurements for the
2-year period, January 2006 to December 2007. The one-hour NO2 AAAQO of 400 µg/m3
was not
exceeded at any time during the 2-year period. Figures 7A-9 and 7A-10 show the one-hour NOX and NO2
concentrations measured at both the site-specific and Beaverlodge monitoring stations. At the
Beaverlodge site, the highest concentrations are observed in the winter months and the lowest
concentrations are observed during the summer. The site-specific NOX and NO2 data does not show the
same trend.
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-13 January 2009
Table 7A-10 Summary of One-hour Average NOX Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (no AAAQO)
One-hour Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specific Beaverlodge
Maximum 741 234
99.9th Percentile 265 127
99th Percentile 97.8 71.4
95th Percentile 50.8 37.8
90th Percentile 37.6 24.6
Median 7.52 5.45
Average 15.4 10.4
Available Data (%) 91.7 94.5
Table 7A-11 Summary of One-hour Average NO2 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (AAAQO = 400 µg/m3)
One-hour Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specific Beaverlodge
Maximum 126 73.0
99.9th Percentile 56.4 60.1
99th Percentile 41.4 44.8
95th Percentile 28.2 28.6
90th Percentile 20.7 20.1
Median 3.76 4.89
Average 7.63 8.27
Available Data (%) 91.7 94.4
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-14 Maxim Power Corp.
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
On
e-h
ou
rN
OX
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
Site-Specific
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
On
e-h
ou
rN
OX
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
Beaverlodge
Figure 7A-9 Ambient One-hour NOX Concentrations Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge Monitoring Stations
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-15 January 2009
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
On
e-h
ou
rN
O2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQO = 400 µg/m3
Site-Specific
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
On
e-h
ou
rN
O2
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQO = 400 µg/m3
Beaverlodge
Figure 7A-10 Ambient One-hour NO2 Concentrations Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge Monitoring Stations
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-16 Maxim Power Corp.
Table 7A-12 provides an overview of the 24-hour average frequency statistics for the site-specific and
Beaverlodge monitoring stations. The 24-hour AAAQO for NO2 is 200 µg/m3
and was not exceeded at
either site during the 2-year period.
Table 7A-12 Summary of 24-hour Average NO2 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (AAAQO = 200 µg/m3)
24-hour Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specific Beaverlodge
Maximum 35.7 43.6
99.9th Percentile 34.4 40.8
99th Percentile 26.3 35.4
95th Percentile 18.8 24.1
90th Percentile 15.0 17.7
Median 7.52 5.57
Average 7.59 8.25
Table 7A-13 provides the annual average NO2 concentrations for 2006 and 2007 individually and for the
full 2-year period. The annual AAAQO for NO2 is 60 µg/m3
and was not exceeded at either of the
monitoring stations.
Table 7A-13 Summary of Annual Average NO2 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Site-Specific and Beaverlodge MonitoringStations (AAAQO = 60 µg/m3)
Annual Average Concentration(µg/m
3)
Site-Specific Beaverlodge
2006 5.42 8.55
2007 9.68 8.50
Full Period 7.55 8.52
7A.2.1.3 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations are routinely measured on a continuous basis at
the Beaverlodge continuous monitoring station. Table 7A-14 provides an overview of the frequency
statistics based on one-hour and 24-hour measurements for the 2-year period, January 2006 to
December 2007. The 24-hour AAAQO of 30 µg/m3
was exceeded at this site on July 4, 2006 owing to five
consecutive hourly readings that are atypical of this area. These five hourly readings exceeded the
Alberta Ambient Air Quality Guideline (AAAQG) for 1-hour PM2.5 (80 µg/m3) (Alberta Environment, 2008).
Figure 7A-11 shows the one-hour and 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations for the Beaverlodge monitoring
station. Each figure shows a spike in PM2.5 concentrations in July of 2006, which is when the maximum
concentration at each station is observed. The observed concentrations during all other days are lower
than the AAAQOs.
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-17 January 2009
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
On
e-h
ou
rP
M2
.5C
on
ce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQG = 80 µg/m3
One-hour
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
24
-ho
ur
PM
2.5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQO = 30 µg/m3
24-hour
Figure 7A-11 Ambient One-hour and 24-hour PM2.5 Concentrations Measured atthe Beaverlodge Monitoring Station
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-18 Maxim Power Corp.
Table 7A-14 Summary of One-hour and 24-hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations(µg/m3) Measured at the Beaverlodge Monitoring Station
One-hour 24-hour
Maximum 268 66.8
99.9th Percentile 40.6 36.6
99th Percentile 18.3 15.1
95th Percentile 10.5 8.80
90th Percentile 7.90 6.96
Median 2.20 2.41
Average 3.36 3.36
AAAQO (µg/m3) - 30
AAAQG (µg/m3) 80 -
7A.2.1.4 Ozone (O3) Concentrations
Ambient O3 concentrations are routinely monitored on a continuous basis at the Beaverlodge monitoring
station. Table 7A-15 provides an overview of the one-hour average frequency statistics based on
measurements for the 2-year period, January 2006 to December 2007. The one-hour AAAQO value of
160 µg/m3
was not exceeded at any time during the 2-year period.
Figure 7A-12 shows the one-hour concentrations measured at the Beaverlodge site during the 2-year
period. As seen in Figure 7A-12, there is a tendency for high concentrations in the spring and summer
and low concentrations in the fall and winter.
Table 7A-15 Summary of One-hour Average O3 Concentrations (µg/m3)Measured at the Beaverlodge Monitoring Station(AAAQO = 160 µg/m3)
One-hour Concentration(µg/m
3)
Maximum 130
99.9th Percentile 121
99th Percentile 108
95th Percentile 94.0
90th Percentile 85.6
Median 57.9
Average 57.2
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-19 January 2009
Ja
n-2
00
6
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Se
p-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
De
c-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Fe
b-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ap
r-2
00
7
Ma
y-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Ju
l-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Se
p-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
No
v-2
00
7
De
c-2
00
7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
On
e-h
ou
rO
3C
on
ce
ntr
atio
n(µ
g/m
3)
AAAQO = 160 µg/m3
Figure 7A-12 Ambient One-hour O3 Concentrations Measured at theBeaverlodge Monitoring Station
7A.2.2 Static Monitoring Data
Milner Power Inc. operates static monitors in the project area, including one TPM monitor, eight dustfall
monitors and eight total sulphation monitors. The location of these monitors is shown in Figure 7A-13.
7A.2.2.1 Static TPM Monitoring
TPM concentrations are routinely measured at one monitoring station operated by Maxim Power Inc. A
summary of this monitoring data (1997-2008) is presented in Table 7A-16. This table displays for each
year the i) maximum 24-hour average concentration; ii) the maximum monthly average concentration, and
iii) the annual average concentration.
Figure 7A-14 shows the individual 24-hour TPM concentrations for each sampled day from January 5th
1997 through August 28th
2008. The TPM concentrations were taken, midnight to midnight every six days
on the National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) schedule. Note that for the year 2002 individual daily
concentrations were reconstructed based on the data supplied in Milner compliance reports (monthly
maximum and monthly average concentrations). This was owing to loss of individual sample records.
These data show a number of dramatic changes in TPM. Three pattern are evident; i) Jan 1998 through
Dec 1999 (average TPM = 162 g/m3); ii) Jan 2000 through Dec 2003 (average TPM = 72 g/m
3); and iii)
Jan 2004 through August 2008 (average TPM = 257 g/m3). The second corresponds to the Grande
Cache Coal (GCC) mine closure (late 1999 through early 2004). The third shows the effect of the new
GCC mine haul road, which commenced activity near the Milner monitoring station in early 2004.
GCC TSP Monitor
2 - Near pond 3 - Near CN bldg
Haul Road
Wynandie
Station 1
Station 6
GCC PM2.5 MonitorMilner Continuous Monitor
4 - Waste ponds
9 - Blue bridge
5 - End of tracks
Gas Line
SusaCreek
Kamisak(Enterprise)
Joachim(Enterprise)
Victor Lake(Cooperative)
Wanyandie Flats(West Cooperative)
Sheep Creek
Roddy C
reek
Washy
Creek
Victor Lake
Muskeg
River
Peavine
Lake
Mitayimin Creek
CarconateCreek
GrandeCache
Lake
GrandeMountain
Town ofGrande Cache
313136
36
36 31
30
1924
25
31
30
19
18
07
01
12
13
24
25
06
07
18
19
30
01
12
13
24
25
030405
33323635343332
0102030405
RGE 09 W6TWP 056
RGE 09 W6TWP 057
RGE 07 W6TWP 058
RGE 07 W6TWP 059
RGE 08 W6TWP 059
RGE 09 W6TWP 059
RGE 08 W6TWP 058
RGE 09 W6TWP 058
HR MILNER EXPANSION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Local Monitoring Station LocationsAB SKBC
NT
USA
FIGURE NO.
7A-13
Areaof
Interest
PREPARED BY
Data Provided By: Data Provided By: AltaLIS (2006), Government of Canada (2007), Colt Engineering (2008), Valtus (2006).NOTE: Drawing originally formated for 22 X 34 printing size.
LastModified:September24,2008
By:K.Poll
PREPARED FOR
JW-1033372-039
Dustfall Station
Dustfall and Sulphation Station
Sulphation Station
GCC Continuous PM2.5 Monitor
GCC Continuous TSP Monitor
Milner Continuous Monitor (SO2, NOx, TSP)
HR Milner Generating Station
Town Boundary
Road (Existing)
Highway 40
Enterprise/CO-OP Zone0 1 2 3
UTM Zone 11 - NAD 83
JW-1033372-035
kilometres -1:35,000
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-21 January 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
5-J
an-9
8
5-A
pr-
98
5-J
ul-
98
5-O
ct-9
8
5-J
an-9
9
5-A
pr-
99
5-J
ul-
99
5-O
ct-9
9
5-J
an-0
0
5-A
pr-
00
5-J
ul-
00
5-O
ct-0
0
5-J
an-0
1
5-A
pr-
01
5-J
ul-
01
5-O
ct-0
1
5-J
an-0
2
5-A
pr-
02
5-J
ul-
02
5-O
ct-0
2
5-J
an-0
3
5-A
pr-
03
5-J
ul-
03
5-O
ct-0
3
5-J
an-0
4
5-A
pr-
04
5-J
ul-
04
5-O
ct-0
4
5-J
an-0
5
5-A
pr-
05
5-J
ul-
05
5-O
ct-0
5
5-J
an-0
6
5-A
pr-
06
5-J
ul-
06
5-O
ct-0
6
5-J
an-0
7
5-A
pr-
07
5-J
ul-
07
5-O
ct-0
7
5-J
an-0
8
5-A
pr-
08
5-J
ul-
08
24-h
Ave
rage
TPM
(mg/
m3)
Note: The GCC mine started decommissioning in 1999, was down from 2000 to 2003, and started recommissioning in 2004.
Figure 7A-14 24-hour TPM Concentration at Milner Air Quality Monitor: Jan 5 1998 through Aug 28 2008
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-22 Maxim Power Corp.
Table 7A-16 Summary of Static TPM Sampling
YearMaximum 24-hour Average
Concentration(µg/m
3)
Maximum Monthly AverageConcentration
(µg/m3)
Annual AverageConcentration
(µg/m3)
1997 904 353 220
1998 666 324 193
1999 614 239 136
2000 974 426 124
2001 481 197 52
2002 233 159 57
2003 442 175 69
2004 438 224 94
2005 1,422 730 424
2006 661 415 219
2007 961 456 243
20081
888 562 355
NOTE:1
TPM data current to August 28, 2008
7A.2.2.2 Dustfall
Dustfall concentrations are routinely measured at eight monitoring stations operated by Maxim Power Inc.
The locations of these stations are shown in Figure 7A-13. Table 7A-17 provides an overview of the
monthly average frequency statistics based on measurements for the 4-year period, January 2004 to
December 2007. The average monthly dustfall concentrations measured at the eight monitoring stations
range from 24.0 to 204 mg/100cm2/30days. The maximum monthly dustfall concentration of 318 mg/100
cm2/30 days was observed at the Haul Road monitoring station. Figure 7A-14 shows the monthly dustfall
concentrations at all eight monitoring stations for the period of 2004 to 2007.
Table 7A-17 Summary of Monthly Dustfall Concentrations (2004-2007)
Monthly Dustfall Concentration(mg/100 cm
2/30 days)
2(Near
Pond)a
3(Near CNBuilding)
a
4(WastePond)
b
5(End ofTracks)
a
9(Blue
Bridge)b
Wynandiec
GasLine
cHaul
Roadc
Maximum 103 117 193 311 184 88.6 202 318
99th Percentile 86.1 100 188 282 130 88.6 193 315
95th Percentile 48.0 63.4 172.9 163 63.6 88.4 159 301
Average 25.7 32.7 68.1 51.7 24.0 40.5 82.4 204
Minimum 6.24 5.82 12.5 5.50 1.06 11.0 34.0 71.7
NOTES:a
Data available from January 2004 – March 2007b
Data available from January 2004 – December 2007c
Data available from April 2007 – December 2007
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-23 January 2009
2 (Near Pond)
3 (Near CN Building)
4 (Waste Ponds)
5 (End of Tracks)
9 (Blue Bridge)
Wynandie
Gas Line
Haul Road
Ja
n-2
00
4
Ap
r-2
00
4
Ju
n-2
00
4
Se
p-2
00
4
No
v-2
00
4
Ja
n-2
00
5
Ap
r-2
00
5
Ju
n-2
00
5
Au
g-2
00
5
No
v-2
00
5
Ja
n-2
00
6
Ap
r-2
00
6
Ju
n-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
No
v-2
00
6
Ja
n-2
00
7
Ma
r-2
00
7
Ju
n-2
00
7
Au
g-2
00
7
Oct-
20
07
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Du
stf
all
(mg
/10
0cm
2/3
0d
ays)
Figure 7A-14 Monthly Dustfall Concentrations Measured Locally
7A.2.2.3 Total Sulphation
Total sulphation concentrations are routinely measured at eight monitoring stations operated by Grande
Maxim Power Inc. Table 7A-18 provides an overview of the average frequency statistics based on
measurements for the 3-year period, January 2004 to December 2006. The average total sulphation
concentrations at the eight monitoring stations range from 0.028 to 0.047 mg SO3/100cm2/day. The
maximum total sulphation concentration of 0.180 mg SO3/100cm2/ day was observed at monitoring
station 4. Figure 7A-15 shows the total sulphation concentrations at all monitoring stations during the
2004 to 2006 monitoring period.
Table 7A-18 Summary of Total Sulphation Concentrations (2004-2006)
Total Sulphation Concentration(mg SO3/100cm
2/day)
1(Hwy
to GP)
2(Nearpond)
3(Near CNbuilding)
4(WastePond)
5(End ofTracks)
6(Bottom ofAmb Hill)
7(HaulRoad)
9(Blue
Bridge)
Maximum 0.160 0.130 0.120 0.180 0.144 0.178 0.140 0.140
99th Percentile 0.154 0.127 0.117 0.170 0.139 0.165 0.125 0.137
95th Percentile 0.134 0.101 0.092 0.128 0.130 0.113 0.096 0.123
Average 0.045 0.030 0.028 0.047 0.041 0.041 0.031 0.034
Minimum 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-24 Maxim Power Corp.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
Ja
n-2
00
4
Ma
r-2
00
4
Ap
r-2
00
4
Ju
n-2
00
4
Au
g-2
00
4
Se
p-2
00
4
No
v-2
00
4
De
c-2
00
4
Fe
b-2
00
5
Ap
r-2
00
5
Ma
y-2
00
5
Ju
l-2
00
5
Se
p-2
00
5
Oct-
20
05
De
c-2
00
5
Fe
b-2
00
6
Ma
r-2
00
6
Ma
y-2
00
6
Ju
l-2
00
6
Au
g-2
00
6
Oct-
20
06
No
v-2
00
6
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
Su
lph
atio
n(m
gS
O3/1
00
cm
2/d
ay)
Figure 7A-15 Total Sulphation Concentrations Measured Locally
7A.2.3 Local Monitoring Data
In addition to the information sources presented in the previous sections, ambient air quality data
measured locally is also available. Grande Cache Coal Corporation operates one Total Particulate Matter
(TPM) monitor and one Respirable Particulate (PM2.5) monitor close to the Project site.
7A.2.3.1 Particulate Matter Concentrations
Grande Cache Coal Corporation operates one Total Particulate Matter (TPM) monitor and one Respirable
Particulate (PM2.5) monitor close to the Project site. The location of these monitoring stations is shown in
Figure 7A-13. The TPM monitor is located north of the Project Site and Highway 40 and the PM2.5 monitor
is located in Wanyandie Flats. A summary of the available data for these two monitoring sites from 2005
to 2007 is presented in Table 7A-19. This data was taken directly from the air quality assessment report
completed for the Grande Cache Coal No. 8 Mine (AMEC 2008). The Grande Cache Coal Plant site
located adjacent to the Milner Project site.
As shown in Table 7A-19, the 24-hour TPM AAAQO of 100 µg/m3
was exceeded in 2007. The 24-hour
AAAQO for PM2.5 was exceeded in 2006 and 2007. Hourly PM2.5 data were not summarized in AMEC
(2008), so it is not known if the 1-hour AAAQG for PM2.5 was exceeded. While the 98th
percentile 24-hour
PM2.5 concentrations in 2006 and 2007 are elevated, insufficient data are available to determine if this
sites exceeded the Canada Wide Standard (CWS) metric of 30 µg/m3
averaged for three consecutive
years.
Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
Maxim Power Corp. Page 7A-25 January 2009
Table 7A-19 Summary of TPM and PM2.5 Concentrations Measured Locally
Year
TPM PM2.5
OperatingDays
24-hourMax
(µg/m3)
AnnualAverage(µg/m
3)
OperatingDays
98th
Percentile24-hour(µg/m
3)
AnnualAverage(µg/m
3)
2005 328 66 10.7 194 19 3.3
2006 365 83 14.7 343 41 5.5
2007 331 104 9.1 345 36 5.7
SOURCE: AMEC (2008)
7A.2.4 Recent Dispersion Assessments
The H.R. Milner Generating Station Air Assessment (RWDI Air, 2005)
RWDI Air (2005) was retained by Milner Power to conduct dispersion modelling of the main boiler stack of
the H.R. Milner plant in support of the AENV Approval renewal application. The ambient ground-level
concentrations of NOx, SO2, TPM, and PM2.5 were selected as the substances of concern for dispersion
modelling. The CALPUFF dispersion model was used to predict ground-level concentrations of each.
This assessment predicted exceedances of the one-hour and 24-hour SO2 AAAQO. As a result RWDI Air
recommended that the ambient monitor be relocated 300 m north of its current location to the position
indicated in the modelling as the point of maximum impingement for SO2. RWDI Air also recommended
that the Milner Power consider adding passive samplers for NO2 and SO2 to increase the spatial
distribution of the monitoring network, and to enable validation of the modelling results.
A comparison of predicted ground-level concentrations against measured concentrations determined that
NO2, SO2, and TPM predicted ground-level concentrations were higher, with the exception of PM2.5, which
was less.
The Grand Cache Coal assessment for the No. 8 Mine (AMEC, 2008)
AMEC (2008) was retained by GCCC to conduct dispersion modelling in support of an AENV Approval
amendment application for their proposed No. 8 Mine. The results of dispersion modelling, using emission
estimates, showed that most predicted concentrations are within AAAQO. The predicted 98th
percentile
daily PM2.5, was higher than Canada-wide Standard (CWS) metric, but not the three consecutive year
rolling average (meaning it does not exceed the CWS). The maximum 98th
percentile PM2.5 concentration
occurred 2 km northwest of the plant.
Some predicted TPM and NO2 concentrations were higher than the AAAQO at the point of maximum
impingement using conservative emission estimates; however, these receptors were adjacent to mine
and/or plant operations in areas where the public has no access. Predicted concentrations decrease
rapidly with distance from the emission sources.
The predictions obtained for receptors north of Highway 40 are below the AAAQO, with the exception of
annual NO2. These results were obtained using very conservative NOX emission assumptions. Estimated
emissions of SO2 from GCCC operations are much less than those of its nearest neighbour and therefore
SO2 was not considered. AMEC concluded that operation of the No. 8 Mine and plant are not expected to
compromise the air quality for the nearest residences to the mine.
AMEC’s comparison of predicted annual average, hourly and daily peak ground-level concentrations
against ambient concentrations determined that for Year 1 (first year of No. 8 Mine operations) SO2, NOx,
Environmental Impact Assessment Report Proposed HR Milner Expansion Project
Appendix 7A: Baseline Climate and Ambient Air Quality
January 2009 Page 7A-26 Maxim Power Corp.
CO and PM2.5 were less than ambient concentrations, and TPM was greater than ambient background
concentrations. For Year 5 (future case scenario), NOx, and PM2.5 were less than ambient concentrations,
with the exception of CO and TPM, which were greater than ambient background concentrations
Gap Analysis
The most notable feature of these assessments is the disparity in the findings respecting the effects of the
Milner (M1) facilities discharge. The RWDI Air predictions are much higher than those of AMEC. The
findings of JWA’s modelling assessment for this work agree most closely with AMEC’s findings. JWA’s
review of the AMEC and RWDI Air work found two key differences in the latter work that explains this
disparity.
The first is RWDI Air’s use of a stack volume flow corrected to reference conditions (25°C and 1
atmosphere) in the modelling. Actual conditions must be used (168°C and 0.95 atmosphere). The result is
a modelled stack velocity nearly half of the actual velocity, resulting in under-estimated plume rise. The
second is the execution of CALPUFF using Pasquill-Gifford dispersion coefficients in place of the more
appropriate dispersion coefficients from internally calculated turbulence parameters (sigma v & sigma w)
derived from micrometeorological variables that are produced by CALMET. These latter parameters result
in a more realistic simulation of dispersion in this situation. Both these differences (individually and
additively) have the effect of producing higher predicted concentrations.
7A.3 References
7A.3.1 Literature Cited
AENV, 2007. Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives, Alberta Environment, October 2007.
AENV, 2008. Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objective and Guidelines, Alberta Environment, June 2008.
AMEC. 2008. Air Quality Assessment Grande Cache Coal Project No. 8 Mine. AMEC Earth &
Environmental. February 2008.
Environment Canada. 1990. The Climates of Canada. Minister of Supply and Services Canada. Canadian
Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa, Ontario. 176 pp.
Milner Power Inc. 2007. Site-Specific Ambient Monitoring Data from January 1, 2006 to December 31,
2007.
RWDI Air, 2008. Final Report: Dispersion Modelling of the H.R. Milner Power Plant Near Grande Cache,
Alberta. Project W05-1228. August 11, 2005.
7A.3.2 Internet Sites
CASA 2008. Clean Air Strategic Alliance Data Warehouse: Alberta Ambient Air Data Management
System. Available at: http://www.casadata.org/Reports/SelectCategory.asp. Accessed March
2008.
Environment Canada. 2008. Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000. Available at:
http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals. Accessed May 2008.