APPENDIX

a) Raw dataWeight of SamplesSample No.Weight, g

13.5961D A T A

S E T

2D.

S E T 1

23.5077

33.5841

43.5020

53.5994

63.5042

73.5782

83.5887

93.5939

103.5620

Grubbs TestData SetSuspect ValuesQtabQexpConclusion

1H: 3.59941.88711.0343Retain

L: 3.5020

2H: 3.5994

L: 3.50202.29001.4640retain

Reported ValuesData SetXsRSDRRRCL

13.54890.04881013.7540.09740027.4453.60013.4977

23.56160.04073111.3460.09740027.3473.59073.5325

b) Working equationsMean

Standard Deviation

Relative Standard Deviation (RSD)

Range

Relative Range

Confidence Limit

Grubbs Test

c) Sample calculations1. Perform the Grubbs test (at 95% confidence level) for the suspected outlier of each data set.In data set 1, taking the absolute values of the differences of the highest and the lowest values from the mean

The experimental value, g, is then calculated using the questionable measurement, the highest value (3.5994).

The suspected outlier is then compared with the tabulated critical g value.

Since the experimental value is less than the tabulated one, the suspected outlier should be retained.

For data set 2, taking the absolute values of the differences of the highest and the lowest values from the mean

The experimental value, g, is then calculated using the questionable measurement, the lowest value (3.5020).

The suspected outlier is then compared with the tabulated critical g value.

Because the experimental value is less than the tabulated one, the suspected outlier should be retained.2. Calculate the following statistics for each data set:a. MeanThe formula for the mean is

For data set 1, the mean is 3.5489.

For data set 2, the mean is 3.5616.

b. Standard deviationIn getting the standard deviation, the formula

shall be used.For data set 1, the standard deviation is 0.04881.

While in data set 2, the standard deviation is 0.040731.

c. Relative standard deviation (in ppt)Computing for the relative standard deviation using the formula

the value for data set 1 is 13.754

and 11.436 for data set 2

d. RangeThe formula for getting the range is

Data set 1 has a range of 0.097400.

Data set 2, also, has a range of 0.097400.

e. Relative range (in ppt)The formula for computing the relative range in ppt is

Data set 1s relative range is 27.445.

Data set 2s relative range is 27.347.

f. Confidence limits (95% confidence level)For the confidence limit, the formula to be used is

In data set 1, the higher confidence limit is 3.6001,

while the lower confidence limit is 3.4977.

In data set 2, the higher confidence limit is 3.5907,

while the lower confidence limit is 3.5325.