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APPENDIX - 21 (R)

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

18. B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN ZOOLOGY

REVISED Scheme of Examination:(w.e.f.2012-13)

FIRST SEMESTER

Maximum

Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks

Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total

nents Marks Marks

Part – I Language Paper – I 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part – II English Paper – I 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part III Paper – I 6 4 3 75 25 100

Core Invertebrata – I

Subjects

Paper – III 2 - - Examination

Major Practical – I will be held

Invertebrata – I in II Semester

Allied Allied Subject – I 4 4 3 75 25 100

Subject Paper – I Botany – I

Allied Practical - I 2 - - Examination will be

Botany I held in II Semester

Part – IV 1. (a) Not studied Tamil

upto xii std. – shall take

Tamil Comprising of two

courses (level VI std.)

(b) Studied Tamil upto

xii std. – taken

Non-Tamil under Part–I

shall take advance

Tamil comprising of two

courses.

(c) Others who do not

comes under a & b can

choose non-major

elective comprising of

two courses. 2 2 3 75 25 100

2. Skill based subjects

(Soft skill Elective - I) 2 3 3 60 40 100

SECOND SEMESTER

Maximum



nents Marks Marks

Part – I Language Paper – II 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part – II English Paper – II 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part – III Paper – II 6 4 3 75 25 100

Core Invertebrata – II

Subjects Paper - III 2 4 3 60 40 100

Major Practical – I

Invertebrata – I & II

Allied Allied Subject - I 4 4 3 75 25 100

Subject Paper – II Botany - II

Allied Practical - I 2 2 3 60 40 100

Botany I & II

Part – IV 1.(a) Not studied Tamil

upto xii std.– shall take

Tamil Comprising of two

courses (level VI std.)

(b) Studied Tamil upto

xii std.–taken Non-Tamil

under Part – I shall take

1 2

advance Tamil compris-

ing of two courses.

(c) Others who do not

comes under a & b can

choose non-major

elective comprising

of two courses. 2 2 3 75 25 100

2. Skill based subjects 2 3 3 60 40 100

(Soft skill Elective - II)

THIRD SEMESTER

Maximum



nents Marks Marks

Part – I Language Paper – III 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part – II English Paper – III 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part III Paper–IV Chordata – I 6 4 3 75 25 100

Core

Subjects Paper – VI 2 - - Examination

Major Practical – II will be held

Chordata – I in IV Semester

Allied Allied Subject - II 4 4 3 75 25 100

Subject Paper – I Chemistry - I

Allied Practical – II 2 - - Examination will be

Chemistry – I held in IV Semester

Part – IV 2. Skill based subjects 2 3 3 60 40 100

(Soft skill Elective - III)

3. Environmental 2 - - Examination will be

Studies held in IV Semester

FOURTH SEMESTER

Maximum



nents Marks Marks

Part – I Language Paper – IV 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part – II English Paper – IV 6 3 3 75 25 100

Part – III Paper – V 6 4 3 75 25 100

Core Chordata – II

Subjects Paper – VI 2 4 3 60 40 100

Major Practical – II

Chordata – I & II

Allied Allied Subject - II 4 4 3 75 25 100

Subject Paper – II Chemistry–II

Allied Practical – II 2 2 3 60 40 100

Chemistry I & II

Part – IV 2. Skill based subjects 2 3 3 60 40 100

(Soft skill Elective - IV)

3. Environmental

Studies 2 2 3 75 25 100

3 4

FIFTH SEMESTER

Maximum



nents Marks Marks

Part – III Paper – VII Cell & 4 4 3 75 25 100

Core Molecular Biology

Subjects

Paper – VIII Genetics 4 4 3 75 25 100

Paper – IX 4 4 3 75 25 100

Animal Physiology &

Biochemistry

Paper – X 4 4 3 75 25 100

Biostatistics &

Computer Applications

in Life Sciences

ELECTIVE – I 5 5 3 75 25 100

Project NO PRACTICAL

or One Paper – XIV 4 - - Examination

Elective Major Practical – III will be held

Cell Biology, Genetics, in VI Semester

Animal Physiology &

Biochemistry

Paper - XV 4 - - Examination

Major Practical – IV will be held

Environmental Biology, in VI Semester

Microbiology,

Biotechnology &

Developmental Biology

Part – IV 4. Value Education 1 2 3 75 25 100

SIXTH SEMESTER

Maximum



nents Marks Marks

Part – III Paper – XI 4 4 3 75 25 100

Core Environmental Biology

Subjects & Evolution

Paper - XII 4 4 3 75 25 100


& Immunology

Paper – XIII 4 4 3 75 25 100

Microbiology &

Biotechnology

ELECTIVE – II 5 5 3 75 25 100

NO PRACTICAL

ELECTIVE – III 5 5 3 75 25 100

NO PRACTICAL

Project Paper - XIV 4 4 3 60 40 100

or Elec- Major Practical – III

tive II Cell Biology, Genetics,

Animal Physiology &

Biochemistry

Paper - XV 4 4 3 60 40 100

Major Practical – IV

Environmental Biology,

Microbiology,

Biotechnology &


Part – V Extension Activities - 1 - - - -

5 6

LIST OF ELECTIVES:

1. Bioinformatics

2. Medical Laboratory Techniques & Bioinstrumentation

3. Pisciculture & Aquarium Fish Keeping

4. Sericulture & Apiculture

5. Economic Entomology & Pest Management

6. Poultry & Dairy Science

LIST OF NON MAJOR ELECTIVES:

I Semester II Semester

1. Aquaculture 1. Dairy Farming

2. Vermitechnology 2. Poultry Science & Management

3. Human Genetics 3. Public health & Hygiene

****

A.C. S’12

APPENDIX - 21(S)

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

18. B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN ZOOLOGY

REVISED SYLLABUS(w.e.f. 2012-13)

SEMESTER – I

PAPER I – INVERTEBRATA – I

UNIT – I

Principles of Taxonomy – Binomial nomenclature – Rules ofnomenclature – Classification of Animal Kingdom.

PROTOZOA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.

Type study – Paramecium & Plasmodium

General Topic – Parasitic protozoans (Entamoeba,Trypanasoma & Leishmania)

___ 22 Hrs

UNIT – II

PORIFERA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples

Type study – Leucosolenia & Scypha

General Topics – Histology, Skeleton and Canal System inSponges.

___ 20 Hrs

7 8

UNIT – III

COELENTERATA: General characters and classification upto orders with examples.

Type study – Obelia & Aurelia

General Topics – Corals and coral reefs – Polymorphism –Economic importance.

___ 22 HrsUNIT – IVPLATYHELMINTHES: General characters and classificationup to orders with examples. Type study – Fasciola & Taenia

General Topic - Parasitic adaptations.

___ 14 HrsUNIT – VASCHELMINTHES: General characters and classification upto orders with examples.

Type study – Ascaris

General Topic – Nematode Parasites and diseases (Enterobiusvermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale & Wuchereria bancrofti)

___ 12 Hrs

SEMESTER – II

PAPER II – INVERTEBRATA – II

UNIT – I

ANNELIDA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples.

Type study – Neanthes & Hirudinaria

General Topics – Metamerism – Trochophore larva and itssignificance – Vermiculture – Coelom in Annelida – Economicimportance.

___ 22 Hrs

UNIT – II

ARTHROPODA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.

Type study – Penaeus & Palamnaeus

___ 14 Hrs

UNIT – III

General Topics – Affinities of Peripatus – Crustacean larvaeand their significance – Mouth parts of Insects – Economicimportance of Insects – Social Life in Insects.

___ 18 Hrs

UNIT – IV

MOLLUSCA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.

Type study – Pila & Lamellidens

General Topics – Foot in Mollusca – Economic importance.

___ 18 Hrs

UNIT – V

ECHINODERMATA: General characters and classificationup to orders with examples.

Type study – Asterias

General Topics – Echinoderm larvae and their significance –Water Vascular (Ambulacral) System in Echinoderms.

___ 18 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:

1.Kotpal, R. L.,2000, Modern Text Book of Zoology –Invertebrates, 8th Revised Edition(Reprint), RastogiPublications, Meerut – 250 002.

9 10

REFERENCE:

1. Ayyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, 1992.Manual of Zoology Vol. 1 (Invertebrate), Part I & II.S. Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt Ltd.,Madras, 991p.

2. Jordan, E.L. and P.S. Verma, 2010, Reprint,Invertebrate Zoology, S. Chand & Co Ltd., RamNagar, New Delhi.

3. Kotpal, R.L., 1988 – 1992. (All Series) Protozoa,Porifera, Coelentereta, Helminthes, Annelida,Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, – RastogiPublications, Meerut – 250 002.

4. Parker and Hanswell, 2004, Text Book of Zoology,Vol I (Invertebrate), 7th Edition, A.Z.T,B.S.Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi – 110 051.

5. Ismail, S.A., 1997. Vermicology: The Biology ofEarthworm, Orient Longman, India, 92pp.

6. Hickman, C.P. Jr., F.M.Hickuman and L.S. Roberts,1984. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 7th Edition,Times Merror/Mosby College Publication. St. Louis.1065pp.

7. Hyman volume I to VI

8. L.A. Borradile and F.A. Potts- The Invertebrate –Cambridge University Press.

9. Adam Sedgewick – A student text book of Zoology– Vol I and II – Central Book Depot, Alahabad.

10. T.C. Majupuria – Invertebrate Zoology.

11. P.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami – Invertebrate Zoology– R. Chand and Co.

PAPER III – MAJOR PRACTICAL I –INVERTEBRATA – I & II

I. DISSECTION

A. Cockroach:1. External characters

2. Digestive system

3. Nervous system

4. Male Reproductive system

5. Female Reproductive system

B. Prawn:6. External characters

7. Digestive system

8. Nervous system

II. MOUNTING

Mouth parts of:

9. Cockroach

10. House fly

11. Mosquito

Prawn appendages:

12. Cephalic

13. Thoracic

14. Abdominal

III – SPOTTERS

A- Classify giving reasons up to order:1. Paramecium

2. Scypha

3. Aurelia

11 12

4. Fasciola

5. Ascaris

6. Neanthes

7. Penaeus

8. Lamellidens

9. Asterias

B- Draw labeled sketches:10. Paramecium

11. Obelia medusa

12. Physalia

13. Ephyra larva

14. Redia larva

15. Cercaria larva

16. Mysis larva

17. Alima larva

18. Bipinnaria larva

C- Comment on Biological significance:19. Entamoeba

20. Paramecium – Conjugation

21. Plasmodium

22. Obelia colony

23. Velella

24. Fasciola – Miracidium

25. Taenia – Mature proglottid

26. Ascaris

27. Heteronereis

28. Trochophore larva

29. Chaetopterus

30. Peripatus

31. Hirudinaria

32. Limulus

33. Nauplius larva

34. Zoea larva

35. Chiton

36. Sepia

37. Octopus

38. Sacculina on crab

39. Sea anemone on Hermit crab

D – Relate structure and function:40. Sponge – Spicules

41. Sponge – Gemmule

42. Taenia – Scolex

43. Neanthes – Parapodium

44. Penaeus – Petasma

45. Honey bee – Sting apparatus

46. Scorpion – Book – lung

47. Starfish – Pedicellaria

48. Starfish - Tube foot.

SEMESTER - III

PAPER IV – CHORDATA – I

UNIT – I

Origin of Chordates – General characters and outlineclassification of Phylum Chordata with examples.

___ 06 Hrs

13 14

UNIT – II

PRO CHORDATES: General characters and classification –Hemichordata, Urochordata and Cephalochordata.

Type study – Balanoglossus, Herdmania (=Ascidian) andBranchiostoma (= Amphioxus) General Topics – Affinities andsystematic position of Hemichordata, Urochordata andCephalochordata.

___ 24 HrsUNIT – III

AGNATHA: General characters

Type study – Petromyzon

General Topic – Affinities of Cyclostomata

___ 10 HrsUNIT – IV

PISCES: General characters and classification up to orders withexamples.

Type study – Scoliodon sorrokowah and Mugil oeur

General Topic – Affinities of Dipnoi – Types of scales and fins– Accessory respiratory organs – Air bladder – Migration –Parental care – Economic importance

___ 30 HrsUNIT – V

AMPHIBIA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples.

Type study – Rana hexadactyla

General Topic – Origin of Amphibia – Adaptive features ofAnura, Urodela and Apoda – Neoteny in Urodela – Parentalcare in Amphibia.

___ 20 Hrs

SEMESTER – IV

PAPER V – CHORDATA – II

UNIT – I

REPTILIA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples.

Type study – Calotes versicolor (endoskeleton of Varanusinstead of Calotes)

___ 12 HrsUNIT – II

General Topics – Origin of reptiles – Snakes of India – Poisonapparatus and biting mechanism of snakes – Skull in reptiles –Golden age of reptiles – Extinct reptiles

___ 22 HrsUNIT – III

AVES : General characters and classification up to orders withexamples.

Type study – Columba livia

General Topics – Origin of birds – Ratitae – Flight adaptations– Migration in birds – Palate in birds – Birds are glorifiedreptiles.

___ 26 HrsUNIT – IV

MAMMALIA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.

Type study – Oryctolagus cuniculus (= Rabbit)___ 12 Hrs

UNIT – V

General Topics – Adaptive radiation in mammals – Egg layingmammals – Marsupials – Aquatic mammals – Flying mammals– Dentition in mammals.

___ 18 Hrs15 16

TEXT BOOK:

1. Kotpal, R. L., Modern Text Book of Zoology –Vertebrates, Revised Edition (Reprint), Rastogi Publications,Meerut – 250 002.

REFERENCE:

1. Ayyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, 1992. Manual ofZoology Vol. 1I (Chordata), S. Viswanathan (Printersand Publishers) Pvt Ltd., Madras, 891 pp.

2. Jordan, E.L. and P.S. Verma, 2009, Reprint, ChordateZoology, S. Chand & Co Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

3.Young, J. Z., 2004, The Life of Vertebrates, 3rd Edition,Oxford University Press, London.

4.Kashyap, V., 2011, A Text Book of Vertebrate Zoology,14th Edition,

5.Parker and Hanswell, 2004, Text Book of Zoology, Vol II(Chordata), A.Z.T,B.S. Publishers and Distributors, NewDelhi – 110 051.

6.Hickman, C.P. Jr., F.M.Hickuman and L.S. Roberts, 1984.Integrated Principles of Zoology, 7th Edition, TimesMerror/Mosby College Publication. St. Louis. 1065pp.

7.Nigam, H.C. 1983. Zoology of Chordates, VishalPublications, Jallandhar – 144 008, 942 pp

8.Newman, H.H., 1981. The Phylum Chordata, Satish BookEnterprises, Agra – 282 003, 477 pp.

9.Waterman, Allyn J. et.al.,1971. Chordate Structure andFunction, Mac Milan & Co., New York, 587 pp.

SEMESTER – IV

PAPER VI – MAJOR PRACTICAL II –CHORDATA – I & II

I. DISSECTIONAny Bony Fish:

1. External characters

2. Digestive system

3. Aortic arches

II. MOUNTING1. Scoliodon : Placoid scales.

2. Mugil : Ctenoid scales.

III – SPOTTERS ( If spotters are not available, diagramsmay be kept)

A- Classify giving reasons up to order:1. Balanoglossus

2. Herdmania (=Ascidian)

3. Branchiostoma (= Amphioxus)

4. Petromyzon

5. Scoliodon sorrakowah

6. Mugil oeur

7. Rana hexadactyla

8. Calotes versicolor

9. Columba livia

10. Oryctolagusc cuniculus

B - Draw labeled sketches:11. Amphioxus – T.S. through pharynx.

12. Doliolum

13. Salpa

17 18

14. Oryctolagus - Pectoral girdle

15. Oryctolagus - Pelvic girdle

16. Oryctolagus- Skull

17. Oryctolagus – Typical Vertebra

18. Narcine

19. Cynoglossus

20. Naja naja

21. Typhlops

22. Alcedo atthis (= King-fisher)

C- Comment on Biological significance:23.Tornaria larva

24. Ascidian Tadpole larva

25. Anabas scandens

26. Clarias batrachus

27. Hippocampus

28. Echeneis

29. Rhacophorus

30. Ichthyophis

31. Amblystoma

32. Axolotle larva

33. Proteus

34. Chamaeleon

35. Vipera russelli (= Russel’s viper)

36. Carapace

37. Plastron

38. Draco volans

39. Dinopium (= Wood pecker)

40. Bat

D – Comment on Skeleton/Palate/ Dentition:41. Rana – Pectoral girdle

42. Rana – Pelvic girdle

43. Pigeon – Palate

44. Duck - Palate

45. Crow – Palate

46. Dog – Dentition

47. Rabbit – Dentition

_______________&&&&&______________

SEMESTER - V

PAPER VII – CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT – I

History of cell biology – cell theory – cell as the basicunit of living organism – Cell fractionation, Homogenizationand Centrifugation – Isolation of sub-cellular components.Tissueculture and Cell culture techniques – Micro technique methods(fixation, embedding, Sectioning and staining)

___ 12 Hours

UNIT – II

Principles and working mechanism of light, phase-contrastand electron microscope (SEM & TEM) – Ultra structure ofanimal cell – Cytoplasm – structure, composition and functions– Cytoplasmic inclusions – Plasma membrane – ultra structure,chemical composition and functions

___ 12 Hours

UNIT – III

Cell organelles – Ultra structure, composition andfunctions of Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi

19 20

complex, Lysosomes, Centrioles, Mitochondria andMicrosomes.

___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV

Nucleus & Nucleolus – structure, composition andfunctions. Chromosomes – Heterochromatin and Euchromatin– Cell Cycle – Cell divisions and their significance – amitosis,mitosis and meiosis.

___ 12 HoursUNIT – V

Nucleic acids – Molecular structure of DNA and RNA –Types of RNA – DNA replication – Role of RNA and Ribosomein Protein Synthesis – Regulation of Protein Synthesis. Cancercells – Aging of cells – Stem cell studies.

___ 12 HoursText Book:

1. Verma, P.S., and V.K. Agarwal, 1995, Cell andMolecular Biology, 8th edition, S. Chand & Co.,New Delhi-110 055,567pp.

Reference Books:

1. De Robertis, E.D.P. and E.M.F. De Robertis, 2006, Cell& Molecular Biology, 8th Edition, Indian Reprint.

2. Rastogi, S.C., 2010, Cell and Molecular Biology, SecondEdition.

3. Sheeler, P. and Bianchi, D.E, 2009, Cell and MolecularBiology, 3rd Edition, Reprint 2010.

4. Vyas Mehta, 2011, Cell and Molecular Biology

5. Karp, 2010, Cell Biology 6th Edition.

6. Cohen, N. 1997, Cell Structure, function and metabolism.

7. Sadava, D.E., 2009, Cell Biology

8. Ambrose, E.J. and Dorothy, M. Easty, 1970. Cell Biology,Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd., 500pp.

9. Burke, Jack,D. 1970. Cell Biology, Scientific BookAgency, Culcutta.

10. Cohn, N.S., 1979. Elements of Cytology, Freeman BookCo., New Delhi – 110007, 495pp

11. Giese, A.C. 1979, Cell Physiology, Saunders Co.,Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 609pp

12. Power,C.B. 1989, Essentials of Cytology, HimalayaPublishing House, Bombay – 400 004, 368pp

13. Dowben, R. 1971, Cell Biology, Harper InternationalEdition, Harper and Row Publisher, New York, 565pp.

14. Veer Bala Rastogi, Introductory Cytology, Kedar NathRam Nath, Meerut – 250 001.

15. Loewy, A.G. and P. Sickevitz, 1969, Cell Structure andFunction, Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi-110 020,516pp.

16. Swansen, C.P. and P.L. Webster, 1989,The Cell , PrinticeHall, New Delhi-110 001,373pp

SEMESTER - V

PAPER VIII – GENETICSUNIT – I

Introduction to Genetics – Mendel and his experiments –Laws of Mendel – Monohybrid, Di-hybrid and Back or TestCross.

Interaction of genes – complimentary factors, supplementaryfactors, inhibitory factors and lethal factors – Atavism –Incomplete dominance – Co-dominance – Lethal genes.

___ 12 Hours

21 22

UNIT – II

Multiple alleles – characters of multiple alleles – Bloodgroups and their inheritance in man – Linkage and Crossingover – Linkage in Drosophila - Morgan’s experiments –complete and incomplete linkage – linkage groups. CrossingOver – types, mechanisms, cytological evidence for crossingover.

Mapping of chromosomes – interference and coincidence.

___ 12 HoursUNIT – III

Sex linkage in Drosophila and man – Sex limited and sexinfluenced genes - Non disjunction and Gynandromorphs –Cytoplasmic inheritance – Maternal effects of Limnaea (Shellcoiling), Male sterility (Rode’s experiment), CO

2 sensitivity in

Drosophila, Kappa particals in Paramecium and Milk factor inmice.


Fine structure of the gene – Cistron, Recon and Muton –Gene regulation – Operon concept – Lac operon

Mutation – Molecular basis of mutation – Types ofmutation – Mutagens – Mutable and mutator genes –Chromosomal aberrations with examples in man.


Applied Genetics – Inbreeding – Out-breeding – Heterosis– Population genetics - Hardy-Weinberg Law – Gene Frequency– Factors affecting gene frequency – Eugenics, Euphenics andEuthenics – Inborn errors of metabolism – Inherited disordersin man. Genetic counseling

___ 12 Hours

Text Book:

1.Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2009, Genetics, RevisedEdition, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi – 110 055.

Reference Books:

1. Gardner, Simmons and Snustad, 2006, Principles ofGenetics, 8th Edition, Reprint 2011.

2. Singh, B.D., 2008 Reprint.

3. Snustad, 2010, Principles of Genetics, 5th InternationalEdition.

4. Ahluwalia, K.B., 2009, Genetics, Second Edition.

5. Chatterjee, S. and V.C. Chatterjee, 2009, Genetics.

6. Gunther, S. Stent, 1986, Molecular Genetics, MacmillanPublishing Co.,Inc.773pp

7. Goodenough, V., 1978,Genetics, 2nd edition, New York,Holt, Rinchart and Winston, 894pp

8. Hartl, D.L. and Freifelder, 1988,Basic Genetics, John &Barlett Publishers, 505pp

9. Watson, J.D. and W.A.Benjamin, 1976, MolecularBiology of the Gene, 3rd editionBenjamin Co., Inc. NewYork, 739pp

10. Winchester, 1967, Genetics, Oxford IBHPublications,504pp

11. Stickberger, 1968, Genetics, Macmillan Publications, NewYork, 914pp

12. Pai, A.C. 1974, Foundations of Genetics, McGraw HillPublications, New York, 464pp

13. Concepts of Genetics, Human Genetics & Eugenics – P.S.Verma & V. K. Agarwal, S. Chand Co., New Delhi.

23 24

SEMESTER – V

PAPER IX – ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY &BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT – I

Introduction – Scope and fields of Physiology – Nutrition-Nutrients – Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids –Role of gastrointestinal hormones in digestion - Absorption.

Enzymes – properties and classification – mechanism of enzymeaction – Enzyme kinetics.

Respiration – Respiratory organs – Respiratory pigments –distribution, composition, properties and functions. Transportof oxygen and carbon dioxide – Anaerobiosis.

Circulation – Types – Composition, and functions of blood –Coagulation of Blood- Types of heart – Cardiac cycle – Cardiacrhythm – origin of heart beat – regulation of heart beat – ECG –Ischemia – Myocardial infarction, Rheumatic heart disease –Stroke - Blood pressure.

___ 14 HoursUNIT – II

Excretion – Excretory organs – Kinds of excretory products –Ornithine cycle – mechanism of urine formation in mammals –hormonal regulation of excretion – renal failure - dialysis.

Osmoregulation – osmoconformers – osmoregulators – organsconcerned with osmo-ionic regulation (skin, gills and kidneys)– osmo-ionic regulation in aquatic and terrestrial animals.

Thermoregulation – acclimation and acclimatization – heat death– cold death – poikilotherms – heterotherms – homeotherms –temperature regulation in poikilotherms and homeotherms –physiology of hibernation – aestivation. Biorhythms – definition,types and examples.

___ 12 Hours

UNIT – III

Nerve physiology – Neuron – structure, types of neurons – giantnerve fibres – myelinated nerve fibres. Nerve impulse -definition – conduction of impulse – saltatory conduction –synapse – synaptic transmission – Reflex action.

Muscle-Types - structure - Muscle proteins – Theories of musclecontraction – Chemistry of muscle contraction – Cori’s cycle –muscle twitch – Tetanus – Muscle fatigue – isotonic andisometric contraction.


Endocrine glands – structure, secretions and functions ofendocrine glands in vertebrates – Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid,Adrenal, Thymus, Islets of Langerhans, Sex organs – Crustaceanand Insect Endocrinology.

Receptors _ Classification - Chemoreceptors – touch receptors– equilibrium receptors – Photoreceptor – vertebrate mammalianeye – physiology of vision – Compound eyes and Mosaic vision.Phonoreceptors – mammalian ear – Physiology of hearing.


Biochemistry - Definition and Scope - Biological properties,classification and structure of of Carbohydrates – Proteins –Fats.

Metabolism – metabolic pathways with reference toCarbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids – Glycogenesis –Glycogenolysis – Gluconeogenesis – Glycolysis – Kreb’s cycle– Oxidative phosphorylation – Electron Transport System.Deamination – Transamination - Fate of Keto acids – Nitrogenmetabolism – Beta oxidation of fatty acids – Basal metabolism– BMR.

___ 14 Hours

25 26

Text books:

1.Verma, P.S., B.S. Tyagi and V.K.Agarwal, 2000, AnimalPhysiology, 6th Edition, S.Chand & Co. New Delhi,447 pp.

2.Veerakumari, L. 2005 Biochemistry, MJP Publishers,Chennai.

Reference Books:

1. Rastogi, S.C., 2007, Essentials of Animal Physiology, 4th

Edition.

2. Eckert and Randal, 2005, Animal Physiology :Mechanisms and Adaptations, 2nd Edition.

3. Jain, J.L, Jain, S and N. Jain, 2009, Fundamentals ofBiochemistry, S.Chand & Co. New Delhi.

4. Rastogi, S.C., 2007, Outlines of Biochemistry : A QuickReview.

5. Gupta, 2010, Text book of Biochemistry.

6. Singh, S. P., 2012, Text book of Biochemistry, 5th Edition.

7. Sambasivaiah, Kamalakara Rao and Augustine Chellappa,1990. A textbook of Animal Physiology and Ecology,S.Chand & Co.Ltd., New Delhi – 110 055, 480 pp.

8. Parameswaran, Anantakrishnan and Ananta Subramanian,1975. Outlines of Animal Physiology, S.Viswanathan(Printers & Publishers) Pvt.Ltd., 329 pp.

9. William S.Hoar, 1976. General and ComparativePhysiology, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi –110 001, 848 pp.

10. Wood, D.W., 1983. Principles of Animal Physiology,3rd Ed.

11. Prosser C.L., 1985. Comparative Animal Physiology,Satish Book Enterprise, Agra – 282 003, 966 pp.

12. Goel, K.A., and K.V. Sastry, 1984. A Text book of AnimalPhysiology, Rostogi publication, Meerut.

13. Berry, A.K. A Text book of Animal Physiology with relatedBiochemistry, Emkay Publications, New Delhi

14. William Hoar, 1976, general and comparative Physiology,Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.

15. Singh, H.D., 2004, Text book of human Physiology,S.Chand &Co. New Delhi.

SEMESTER – V

PAPER X – BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTERAPPLICATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES

UNIT – I

Biostatistics – Definition and Scope – Collection of Data– Census and sampling methods – Variable - Discrete andContinuous – Presentation of Data - Classification andtabulation -Diagrams and graphs - Bar, Pie, Histogram & Linegraph – Concept of statistical population and samplecharacteristics of frequency distribution.


Measures of Central tendency - Mean, Median, Mode &Weighted Arithmetic mean – Measures of Dispersion - Range,Quartile deviation, Mean deviation & Standard deviation –Correlation and Regression.

___ 12 Hours

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UNIT – III

Samples – Types of samples -Sampling & Test ofsignificance - large sample test – test for proportions – smallsample test - Student – t test, F test, X2 – test of independency-Contingency table.


Definition of Computer – Basic components of computer– Input / output devices – CPU – Memory and its types.

MS – Word : File operations – New, Open, Save & Print– Editing – Cut, Copy, Paste, Find & Replace – Insert – Pagenumbers & Pictures – Format – Font, Bullet and Numbering,Paragraph & Background – Tools – Spelling & Grammar – Data– Sort.


MS – Excel : Presentation of Biostatistical data usingExcel – Auto-sum, Paste function, Chart wizard, Sortfunction & Drawing.

Use of Internet, Messenger and e-mail – Basic knowledgeof Medical transcription and Bio – informatics.


1.Gurumani, N. 2004, Introduction to Bio-statistics, M.J.P.Publishers, Delhi.

2.Rajaraman, V., 2010, Fundamentals of Computers, 5th

Edition

Reference Books:

1.Annadurai, B., 2007, A Text Book of Biostatistics, 1st

Edition.

2.Banerjee, P.K., 2009, Introduction to Biostatistics (A TextBook of Biometry).

3.Daniel, W.W., 2009, Biostatistics : Basic concepts andMethodology, 9th Edition, Reprint 2011.

4.Sinha, P.K. and P. Sinha., 2011, Computer Fundamentals(Book + CD Rom)

5.Sudipto Das, 2010, A Complete Guide to ComputerFundamentals , 1st Edition

6.Dixit, J.B., 2010, Fundamentals of Computers, 1st Edition

7.Sharma. R., 2010, Computer Fundamentals.

SEMESTER – VI

PAPER XI – ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY &EVOLUTION

UNIT – I

Scope – Concept – Branches in Ecology – Autecology &Synecology –Micro & Macro environment – Types of mediaand substratum – their influence on animals.

Biosphere – Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Stratosphere –Biocoenosis (Community) & Biogeocoenosis (Ecosystem).

Abiotic factors – Water, Soil, Light and Temperature

Biotic factors – Animal relationships – Symbiosis,Commensalism, Mutualism, Antagonism, Predation, Parasitismand Competition.


Biogeochemical cycles – Nitrogen, Carbon and Oxygen.

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Ecosystem – Pond ecosystem – Primary and secondaryproduction – Food chain – Food web – Trophic levels – Energyflow – Ecological Pyramids – Pyramid of Biomass, Number &Energy.

Terrestial Ecology – Biomes – Characters – tundra, grassland, forest and desert biomes – Types of forests in India –Adaptations of animals inhabiting deserts.

___ 10 HoursUNIT - III

Fresh Water Ecology – Physico-chemical nature of freshwater – Biotic communities – lentic (lakes and ponds) and lotic(river) environment – Stratification of ponds & lakes

Marine Ecology – Characteristics – salinity, temperature,pressure, zonation & stratification – Biotic communities ofpelagic, benthic, intertidal (rocky shore, sandy shore & muddyshore) and sublittoral zones – Coral reefs.

Estuarine Ecology – Characteristics – Bioticcommunities and their adaptations.


Population Ecology – Population – definition –Characteristics – Natality, Mortality, Population density –Density dependant factors – Population fluctuations – Agepyramids – Population growth, estimation, equilibrium andregulation.

Community Ecology – Types of communities –Characteristics of community – Stratification – Ecotone – Edgeeffect – Ecological niche – Ecological succession.

Pollution -– Types – Creators of pollution (pollutants) –Air Pollution & Water pollution – their biological effect andcontrol.

Wild Life Management – Preservation – laws enforced– Sanctuaries & National Parks – Natural ResourcesManagement – Renewable (forest, fishes & crops) and Non-renewable (fossil fuels, metals & minerals).

___ 12 HoursUNIT – V : Evolution

Theories & Trends

Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarckism – Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism – Mutation Theory – Geological time scale – Fossils& Fossilization – Dating of Fossil – Living and Extinct Fossils.

Mimicry & Colouration – Batesian and Mullerian –Convergent, Divergent and Parallel Evolution – Co-evolution.

Isolating mechanisms – different types – Species Concept– definition and origin of species – Allopatric and Sympatricspeciation – Genetic drift – Founder’s Principle.

Evolutionary Processes

Evolution of Horse in the New World and Old World –Evolution of Man – cultural and biological.


1.Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2005, EnvironmentalBiology,14th edition, S. Chand & Co., Ram Nagar, NewDelhi – 110 055, 590pp

2.Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2002, Concept ofEvolution, S. Chand & Co., Ram Nagar, New Delhi –110 055.

Reference Books :

1. Dash, M.C., 2001, Fundamentals of Ecology, 2nd Edition.

2. Trivedi, P.R., 2009, Ecolohy and Environment

31 32

3. Odum, E.P. and G. W. Barrett, 2010, Fundamentals ofEcology, 5th Edition.

4. Kaushik, A., 2008, Perspectives in Environmental Studies,3rd Edition.

5. Smith, T.M. and R.L. Smith, 2007, Elements of Ecology.

6. Sharma, P.D., 2009, Ecology and Environment, 10th

Edition.

7. Anil Kumar De, 2009, Basics of Environmental Studies,1st Edition.

8. Clarke, G.L., Elements of Ecology, John Wiley & son Inc.,New York, London 534pp.

9. Colbert, E. H., M. Morales and E.C. Minkoff, 2011,Evolution of the Vertebrates.

10. Barton, Briggs, Eisen, Goldstein and Patel, 2007,Evolution.

PAPER XII – DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY &IMMUNOLOGY

UNIT – I

Origin of germ cells – Gametogenesis - Process ofSpermatogenesis and Oogenesis – Types of Sperms – Types ofeggs and egg membranes – Structure of Sperm and Ovum inmammals.

Fertilization – Acrosomal reaction, Cortical reaction,Physiological & biochemical changes and significance.


Cleavage – Types of cleavage patterns – Controllingfactors and laws in cleavage – Fate maps in frog and chick.

Blastulation & Gastrulation in Amphioxus, Frog andChick – Organogenesis – Development of Brain, Eye and Earin Vertebrate – Extra-embryonic membranes – Placentation inmammals.


Human Reproduction : Puberty – Menstrual cycle –Menopause – Pregnancy and related problems – ArtificialInsemination – Cryopreservation – IVF – Embryo Transfer andits advantages - Test Tube Baby – Amniocentesis – SuperOvulation –Ethics in Artificial Reproductive Technology andembryo manipulation.

___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV: Immunology

History of Immunology – Immunohaematology – Bloodtransfusion – Rh-compatibilities – Innate & Acquired Immunity– Structure, composition and functions of cells and organsinvolved in immune system – Microbial infections – Virulenceand host resistance related immunity.


Antigens – types, properties- Haptens – Adjuvants –Vaccines – types – Toxoids – Antitoxins – Immunoglobulins –structure, types, and properties – Theories of antibody production– Complement structure, properties, function and pathway –Antigen-antibody reaction – in-vitro methods – Agglutination– Precipitation – Complement fixation – Immuno-fluorescence– ELISA – RIA.


1.Verma P.S., V.K.Agarwal and Tyagi 1995, ChordateEmbryology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi 110 055, 420pp.

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2.Chakravarthy, A. K.(1996) Immunology, Tata Mc GrawHill, New Delhi.

Reference Books:

1. Arumugam N. A Textbook of Chordate Embryology –Saras Publication – 420 pp.

3. Balinsky, B.L. 1981, Introduction to Embryology,Saunders College Publishing, 768 pp

4. Berrill, N.J., 1986, Developmental Biology, Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co. Ltd., 534 pp

5. Nelson O.E., 1953. Comparative Embryology of theVertebrates. The Blakiston Co. Inc. New York, Toronto,982 pp.

6. Raven, P. 1959, Developmental Physiology, PergamonPress, 230 pp.

7. Roitt I.M. 2000 Essential Immunology. BlackwellScientific Publishers

8. Kuby, J. 1999, Immunology W.H. Freeman and Company,New York.

PAPER XIII – MICROBIOLOGY &BIOTECHNOLOGY.

UNIT – I

History and Scope of Microbiology – Classification ofmicro-organisms – Salient features of Bacteria, Virus,Actinomycetes and Fungi – Structure and Reproduction ofViruses (T

4 phage & HIV) – Bacterial growth and nutritional

requirements.

Culture of micro-organisms – Types of culture media –Cultural characteristics of bacteria – methods of maintenance

of culture – Reproduction in Bacteria – Bacterial recombination,conjugation, transformation and transduction – Sterilizationtechniques.


Dairy Microbiology – Pasteurization – Milk products –curd, butter and cheese

Food Microbiology – Fermented food - Food spoilage -Food poisoning – Physiochemical methods in food preservation.

Soil Microbiology – Common soil microbes – Symbioticand asymbiotic organisms

Water Microbiology - Microbiology of drinking water –waterborne diseases.


Study of common bacterial and viral diseases of man –Diseases of gastro-enteric system (Cholera, Typhoid & Hepatitis)– Diseases of Respiratory system (Diphtheria, Whooping cough& Tuberculosis) – Diseases of Nervous system (Meningitis,Tetanus & Polio) – Diseases of Genital system (Gonorrhoea,Syphilis & AIDS) – their causative organism, mode oftransmission, pathogenicity, symptoms and preventive measures.

___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV: Biotechnology

Definition – Scope and importance of Biotechnology –Recombinant DNA technology – Application of geneticrecombinant technology in human health and agriculture.

Genetic Engineering - Restriction enzymes – nuclease,ligase, polymerase and reverse transcriptase – PCR

___ 12 Hours

35 36

UNIT – V

Gene cloning – Cloning Vectors – plasmids, phages,cosmids and phasmids – cDNA Library – Gene Bank (GenomicLibrary).

Production of biotechnological products – food SCP(algae, yeast, mushroom) – Biofertilizer – Biofuel –Biopesticides – Biogas production – waste and sewagemanagement.

Enzyme Biotechnology – sources and production ofcommercially important enzymes cellulose, amylase, pectinaseand proteinase.


1.Dubey, R.C. 1995, A Text Book of Biotechnology,S.Chand & Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110 055.

2.Sundara Rajan, S, 2002, College Microbiology – Vol. I toIV, Vardhana Publications, Bangalore – 560 095.

Reference Books:

1. Pelczar Jr. M.J. Chan E.C.S. and Kreig N.R. 2001Microbiology – McGraw Hill Inc. New York.

2. Stainer R.Y., Ingraham J.L., Wheelis M.L. and PainterP.R. 1999 General Microbiology – Macmillan EducationLtd. London.

3. Biotechnology Fundamentals and applications – PurohitMathur.

4. Gene cloning and Introduction – T.A. Brown.

5. Higgins I.J., Best G.J., and Jones J. 1996, Biotechnology– Principles and applications, Blackwell ScientificPublications, Oxford London.

6. Gupta P.K. Elements of Biotechnology 2001, RastogiPublications, Meerut.

PAPER XIV – MAJOR PRACTICAL III

CELL BIOLOGY, GENETICS,ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

CELL BIOLOGY

1. Micrometry – Use of Microscopes, Camera Lucida, Stageand Ocular Micrometer.

2. Blood smear preparation – Differential Count of WBC.

3. Counting of RBC and WBC using Haemocytometer(Demostration only)

4. Mounting of Buccal epithelium and observing living cellsusing vital staining.

5. Mitosis in Onion root tip squash

6. Meiosis in grasshopper testis squash

7. Study of prepared slides of histology

a. Columnar epithelium b. Ciliated epithelium

c. Glandular epithelium d. Areolar Connective tissue

e. Cartilage T.S. f. Bone T.S.

g. Cardiac tissue h. Striated muscle

i. Non striated muscle j. Nervous tissue

k. Ovary T.S. l. Testis T.S.

GENETICS

8. Study of the biology of Drosophila.

9. Observation of Common mutants of Drosophila

10. Human blood grouping.37 38

4. Study on Normal Karyotype - male and female, Downsyndrome, Turner and Klinefelter syndrome

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

11. Use of Kymograph unit, B.P. apparatus, Respirometer.

12. Survey of Digestive enzymes in cockroach.

13. Estimation of Oxygen consumption in a fish withreference to body weight.

14. Detection of nitrogenous waste products in fish tank water,frog tank water, bird excreta and mammalian urine.

BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Qualitative analysis of sugar (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose,Starch, Dextrin)

2. Estimation of Glycogen (Anthrone method)(Demonstration)

3. Estimation of Protein (Biuret method) (Demonstration)

PAPER XV – PRACTICAL IV –ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY,

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

1. Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, pH, free CO2,

Carbonates and Bicarbonates, Calcium in water samples.

2. Use of Rain Guage, Maximum & Minimum Thermometer,Hygrometer, Anemometer and Barometer.

3. Plankton study – Fresh water and marine planktons.

4. Adaptations of aquatic and terrestrial animals based on astudy of museum specimens. Such as rocky, sandy, muddyshore animals, flying and burrowing animals.

5. Study of natural ecosystem and field report of the visit.

MICROBIOLOGY

1. Identification and Study of Bacteria and Virus:

a) Escherichia coli b) Bacteriophage

2. Identification and Study of Protozoan Parasites:

a) Entamoeba b) Plasmodium

3. Identification and Study of Equipments used inMicrobiology:

a) Autoclave b) Hot Air Oven

BIOTECHNOLOGY

1.a) Plasmid b) c DNA Library c) PCRd) Southern Blotting Techniques.

2.Visit to a Biotechnology / Microbiology Laboratory andreport

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Study of the following prepared slides, museum specimens andmaterials.

1. Sections of testis and ovary showing the maturation stagesof gametes.

2. Slides of mammalian Sperm and Ovum.

3. Study of Egg types – Frog’s egg, Hen’s egg.

4. Slides of cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula and neurulaof frog.

39 40

5. Slides of different stages of chick embryo. 18 Hours(primitive streak stage), 24 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 hoursand 96 Hours.

6. Placenta of sheep, Pig and Man.

____________&&&&&_____________

ELECTIVE SUBJECTS

1. BIOINFORMATICS

Unit I

Computer networking LAN, WAN, MODEM and FiberOptics Networks – Introduction to Internet, WWW, NICNET,ERNET, VSNL, ISDN.

Unit II

Database – Definitions – Biological database – PrimaryDatabase (EMBL, Genebank, DDBJ) – Protein Databases(SWISS – PROT, TREMBL, NRL – 3D PIR MIPS); - Secondarydatabases (PROSITE, PFAM, BLOCKS, PRINTS IDENTIFY)– Composite databases (NRDB, OWL MIPSX); - Proteinstructure databases (PDB, MMDB).

Unit III

Pair wise alignment – Local and global alignment –BLAST, FASTA, Multiple Sequence Analysis (MSA).

Unit IV

Evolution of Bio-informatics – Potentials of bio-informatics – Human Genome Project – bio-informatics in India– Future in Bio-informatics.

Unit V

Scope of Bio-informatics – Useful Bio-informatics sites– Bio-informatics in Pharmaceutical industry – Bio-informaticsorientation in IT industry.

Text book: T.K. Attwood and D.J. Parry, 2004. Smith,Introduction to bioinformatics, Pearson Education Ltd., NewDelhi.

Reference Books:

1. Arthur M. Lesk, 2003. Introduction to bioinformatics,Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

2. S. Sundara Rajan and R. Balaji, 2002, Introduction toBioinformatics, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.

3. Irfan A. Khan and Atiya Khanum,2002. Emerging trendsin Bioinformatics, Ukaaz Publications, Andhara Pradesh.

2. MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES ANDBIOINSTRUMENTATION

Unit I

Introduction – Scope of the subject. Collection ofspecimens, records and preparation of reports. Cleaning,maintenance and care of glasswares.

Unit II

Sterilization – Physical and Chemical methods. Disposalof specimens and infected materials, safety precautions and firstaid treatment for superficial wounds, burns, chemical poisoning,contamination of infected microbiological specimens andelectric shock.

41 42

Unit III

Urine: Analysis of urine samples, chemical parametersroutinely required to be analysed. Pregnancy test. Analysis ofstools, semen, cerebrospinal fluid for chemical investigation.

Unit IV

Pathology: Organisms causing infectious diseases.Viruses – Measles, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis, HIV. Bacteria –Tuberculosis, Whooping cough – Tetanus – Diptheria, Cholera.Protozoans – Amoebic dysentery, Malaria, Leismaniasis.Helminths – filariasis, Cysticercasis.

Unit V

Principles use and maintenance of laboratoryinstruments like Autoclave, hot air oven, Incubators, Water bath,Refrigerator, Centrifuge, Colorimeter, pH meter,Haemoglobinometer, Haemocytometer, Microtomes, balances.

Text book: SOOD RAMNIK, 1985. Medical LaboratoryTechnology. Japee brothers, New Delhi, 384 pp.

Reference Book:

BAKER F.J. and SILVERTON R.E. Introduction to MedicalLaboratory Technology.

3. PISCICULTURE AND AQUARIUM FISH KEEPING

Unit I

Scope of fishery, Definition of extensive aquaculture –Selection of site -Construction – preparation of pond – Watersupply – Control of aquatic weeds, weed fishes, predator fishesand aquatic insects..

Unit II

Reproductive system, Breeding and Spawning, Maturity

stages (Morphological and Histological), Developmental stagesof fish and fresh water prawn. Water quality management,fertilization of pond, procurement of seed, transport of seed,stocking, natural and artificial feed, aeration, harvesting andmanagement. Fish farm implements.

Unit III

Induced Breeding of Major Carps. Bundh breeding -Different types of ponds in intensive aquaculture. Prawn culture,pearl culture and brackish water fish culture methods.

Unit IV

Age determination, Schooling in fish, Fish migration,Mass mortality in fishes and control measures, Common fishdiseases and control, Fish parasites, Fresh water fish foodorganisms.

Unit V

Varieties of aquarium fishes, Home aquarium &maintenance. Public health fishes.

Text Book: Jhingran, V.G., 1985. Fish and Fisheries of Inia,Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 666 pp.

Reference Books:

1. Trivedi, K.K. (Ed), 1986. Fisheries Development, 2000A.D. Association of India Fisheries Industries, Oxfordand I.B.H., New Delhi, 268 pp.

1. Bal, D.V. and K.V. Rao, 1984. Marine Fisheries, TataMcGraw Hill, New Delhi. 470 pp.

2. Bardah, Ryther and McLarrey, 1972. Aquaculture, JohnWiley, New York, 868 pp.

3. Shapherd and Bromage, 1988. Intensive Ship Farming,BSP Professional Books, London, 404 pp.

43 44

4. David Cushing, 1979. Fisheries Resources of the Sea andtheir Managements OUP & ELBS Edition, London, 87pp.

5. Mills, Dick, 1993. Aquarium Fish, DK Publishing Inc.,New York – 100 016.

6. Spotte, S., 1991. Captive Seawater fishes, Argent chemicalLaboratories Reference Library, Seattle WA, USA.

4. SERICULTURE AND APICULTURE

Unit I

History of Sericulture: Types of Silkworm – Mulberry,tasar, muga and eri. Mulberry Silkworms: Morphology and Lifecycle of silkworms. Silkworm rearing: Rearing house andequipments.

Unit II

Silk reeling: Selection of raw material for reeling –Storage and preservation of raw materials. Marketing and therole of Central Silk Board in the Development of sericulture.

Unit III

Apiculture: Bee keeping down the ages – Present statusof Apiculture in India – Species of Honey bees. Embryologyand life history – Anatomy and Physiology of honey bee.

Unit IV

Bee colony, Castes. Natural colonies and their yield.Types of beehives – structure – location, care and management.

Unit V

Honey yield in national and international market. Usesof honey and beeswax in Indian medicine.

Reference Books:

1. Manual of Silkworm Rearing: Manual of MulberryCultivation by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO),United States.

2. Yoshimaro Tanaka. Sericology, central Silk Board, 99-B,Meghdoot, Merine Drive, Bombay-

3. Yokoyama, T. synthesized science of Sericulture.

4. Kovaleve, P.A. Silkworm breeding Stocks, Central SilkBoard, Merine Drive, Bombay.

5. NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers. 2007 Publisher:NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES.

6. Singh, D., Singh, D. Pratap. 2006. A Handbook ofBeekeeping. AGROBIOS (INDIA)

7. Sardar Singh. Bee keeping in India.

8. Cherian and Ramanathan, S. Bee keeping in south India.

9. Sharma P.L. and Singh, S.H. Book of Bee keeping

5. ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AND PESTMANAGEMENT

Unit I

Brief account of morphology, classification (Majororders) and development (Metamorphosis) of insects.

Unit II

Beneficial and harmful insects. Economic importanceof honeybees, silkworm and lac insect – parasitic and predatoryinsects. Damages to plants, animals and man by insects. Briefaccount of any three pests of 1. Rice, Cholam and Pulses2. Sugarcane 3. Cotton 4. Groundnut, Gingely and Coconut

45 46

5. Brinjal, Tomato and Lady’s finger 6. Cardomam, Chilies, teaand Coffee 7. Mango and Citrus.

Unit III

Insect pests of stored grains – Insect vectors of plants,animals and man – Other insects affecting the health of mandomestic animals.

Unit IV

Insect pest control methods (Physical, mechanical,biological and chemical) – Classification of pesticides and theirmodes of action.

Unit V

Plant protection appliances used – basic principles ofinsecticide formulations and their application in pest control.Pesticides and environmental pollution – precautions in handlingpesticides.

Text book: David, B.V. and T. Kumarasamy, 1984. Elementsof Economic Entomology, Popular Book Depot, Madras, 536pp.

Reference Books:

1. Nayar, K.K., T.N. Ananthakrishnan and B.V. David. 1992.General and Applied Entomology. Tata McGraw HillPublishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi – 110 051.

2. David, B.V., 1992. Pest Management and Pesticides IndianScenario, Namratha Publications, Madras.

3. Metcalf, C.L. and W.P. Flint, 1973. Desctructive andUseful Insects. 4th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd., New Delhi – 110 051, 1087 pp.

4. Roya D.N. and A.W.A. Brown (Eds), 1981. Entomology

Medical and Veterinary (3rd Ed.) The Bangalore Printingand Publishing Company, Bangalore –18.

5. Ramakrishna Iyer, T.V., Economic Entomology,Government Publications. Madras.

6. POULTRY AND DAIRY SCIENCE

UNIT I:

Poultry industry in India and World. Poultry population- eggand meat production status- Commercial poultry farming-Nutritive value of egg and meat- Poultry housing and equipment-Location of poultry farm- Systems of rearing.

UNIT II:

Broiler management (Definition; Housing and equipment;Brooding, feeding and health cover of broilers; Record keeping;Broiler integration)- Layer management (Brooder; Grower andlayer management; Culling of layers; Marketing of eggs andmeat)-Quail and Turkey management (Feeding; Health cover;Marketing Strategy).Common poultry diseases and their controlincluding bio-security.

UNIT III:

Breeds of dairy cattle and buffaloes (breeds description- exotic-indigenous)- Artificial insemination programme- Dairy cattlemanagement (general principles- housing- water supply- careduring pregnancy- care of new born calf) –Dairy cattle nutrition-feeds and fodders- feeding standards.

UNIT IV:

Live stock diseases: Viral diseases – rinderpest, Foot and mouthdisease and cow pox. Bacterial diseases – Mastitis, Anthrax,Tuberculosis, Haemorrhagic – septicaemia, Brucellosis.Metabolic disorders – Milk fever, ketosis and bloat. A briefaccount of external and internal parasites.

47 48

UNIT V:

Dairy Technology & Marketing: Milk – composition andNutritive value – Techniques to detect milk adulteration –Spoilage of milk – pasteurization of milk – Preparation of Dahi,Butter and Ghee. Role of Co-operative societies in milkproduction& Marketing.

Text book:

1. Gopalakrishnan C.A and G.Murley Mohan Lal 1997,Livestock and Poultry enterprises for rural development, Vikash,New Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Gnaanamani M.R., 1998 Modern aspects of commercialpoultry keeping, Giri.

2. Banarjee G.C., 1992 Poultry, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

3. Chauhan H.V.S. and S.Roy, Poultry diseases, diagnosisand treatment New Age International, 1996.

4. John William S. (Ed) Poultry for sustainable FoodProduction and Livelihood. Loyola Publication, Chennai,2003

5. ICAR, 1997 Handbook of Animal Husbandary- The IndianCouncil of Agricultural Research New Delhi

6. Jeergenson E.M and W.P. Mortenson, 1996 ApprovedPractices in Dairying, Oxford & IBH, Calcutta.

7. Sukumar, D.E. 2002 Outline of Dairy Technology, OxfordUni, New Delhi

8. Revives P.M.and Henderson, 1969 Dairy Cattle Feedingand Management Wiley Estern, New Delhi

9. Eckles C.H nd E.L.Anthony, 2001 Dairy Cattle and MilkProduction, Biotech

NON-MAJOR ELECTIVES

I Semester II Semester(Any one subject of the (Any one subject of thefollowing Non Major Elective following Non Major Electivechosen by the candidate) chosen by the candidate)

1. Aquaculture 1. Dairy Farming

2. Vermi 2. Poultry Science & technology Management

3. Human Genetics 3. Public Health & Hygiene

1. AquacultureUnit – I

History of aquaculture – Purpose and importance of aquaculture– Physical and chemical characteristics features of water bodies(Freshwater brackish water and marine water) – Types of culturesystems (Traditional, intensive, semi-intensive and extensive)– Levels of management (Zero level, I level, II level and IIIlevel) – Feeding habits of cultivable aquaculture species.

Unit – II

Selection criteria for cultivable species – Site selection for fishfarming – construction of fish and prawn ponds – Types of fishponds (breeding pond, hatchery unit, brooders pond, nurserypond, stocking pond and rearing pond) – Maintenance andmanagement of different ponds. Feeds for cultivable species –natural, supplementary and artificial feeds.

Unit – III

Types of culture – Monoculture, Monosex-culture & Poly culture– Integrated fish farming (paddy cum fish culture, paddy cum

49 50

prawn culture and Duck cum pig cum fish culture) – Inducedbreeding in Indian major carps – Live feed culture (Rotifersand Artemia) – Carp culture (poly culture / Composite fishculture).

Unit – IV

Culture of air-breathing fishes (Mullet and Cat fish) Monosexculture of Tilapia – Culture of Mullet (Mugil sp.) – Sewage fedfish culture – culture of pearl oyster and edible oyster.

Unit – V

Culture of marine and freshwater prawns – Common fishdiseases (bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic diseases) –Prevention and treatment – Fishing technology (Crafts and gears)– Preservation and processing of fish and prawn – Agenciesinvolved in aquaculture.

Text books:

1. R. Santhanam, N. Sukumaran and Natarajan, - A manual offresh water aquaculture, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai.

2. B.N. Yadav, - Fish and fisheries, Daya Publishing House,Delhi.

Reference books:

1. Mathew Landan, 1991. Introduction to aquaculture, JohnWilay and Sons Inc..

2. V.R.P. Sinha, 1993. Acompendium of aquacultureTechnologies for developing countries, Oxford and IBHPublishing Company PVT. Ltd.

3. V.G. Jhingran,1991. Fish and fisheries of India, HindustanPublishing Corporation, Delhi.

4. T.V.R. Pillay – Aquaculture principles and practives,Fishing new Books, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford.

5. Shanmugam, K. 1990. Fishery Biology and Aquaculture,Hindustan Pub. Corporation, New Delhi.

6. C.V. Kurian and Sebastein – Prawn and Prawn fisheriesof India, Hindustan Publishing House, New Delhi.

7. Elvire Balugal, A. 1984. Aquaculture systems andpractices – A selected Review, Daya Publishing House,New Delhi.

8. B.N.Yadav, 1995. Fish Endocrinology, Daya PublishingHouse, New Delhi.

2. Vermitechnology

UNIT I:

Introduction: Definition and concept of vermiculture. Soil: majortypes (red soil, black soil, alluvial soil). Influence of soilorganisms in vermitechnology- bacteria, earthworms,entomofauna mites etc. Litter degradation and decomposition.Problems in vermiculture and remedial solutions.

UNIT II:

Types of earthworms: Endemic and exotic species ofearthworms. Ecological classification of earthworms- epigeic,anecic and endogeic forms. Physical, chemical and biologicalchanges caused by earthworms in soil- drilospheres andvermicasts.

UNIT III:

Vermicomposting- Vermicomposting materials,Vermicomposting methods (raised bed method and pot method).Establishment of vermiculture unit: materials required andmaintenance of vermiculture unit.

51 52

UNIT IV:

Vermicompost - harvesting of vermicompost - quality, propertiesand advantages over chemical fertilizers, packaging andmarketing- cost benefit analysis.

UNIT V:

Natural enemies of earthworms- Pests, parasites and pathogensaffecting earthworms. Uses of earthworms in food and medicine-ayurvedic and unani medicine. Recycling of food wastes invermitechnology. Application and scope of vermitechnology.

Text Books:

1. Ismail,S.A. 1997. Vermicology. The biology ofEarthworm.Orient Longman, India, 92 pp.

2. Ranganathan, L.S. – 2006 – Vermicomposting technology –from soil health to human health.

Reference books:

1.E.L. Jordan and P.S.Verma.1993. Invertebrate Zoology,12 th Edition, S.Chand & Co., Delhi.

2.Naren kumar, Dutta ,Principles and practice of soilscience.

3.N.S. Subba Rao, Soil Microbiology.4.P.K.Gupta, Vermicomposting.5.T.V Sathe , Vermiculture and Organic Farming

3. Human GeneticsUnit – I

Introduction: The growth of Human Genetics. Humanchromosomes: preparation of human Chromosome complement;Banding techniques; Karyotype preparation; classification;application. Chromosome mapping; cytological maps; cloningand gene arrangement. Human genome project; Social ethical

and legal implications. Modes of inheritance; Pedigree charts;construction of pedigree charts for autosomal dominant andrecessive traits, sex linked recessive traits and Y linked traits.

Unit – II

Multiple allelic inheritance; ABO blood groups; Rh blood groupand significance. Polygenic inheritance; skin colour in man andIntelligence. Sex determination – heterogametic theory; Hyantigens; SRY genes; Sex chromatin; Lyon hypothesis. Sexlimited and sex influenced genes. Chromosome aromalies;Syndromes – Down, Klinefelter, Turner, XYY, Intersex, Cri-du-chat, Philadelphia.

Unit – III

Common genetic disorders: Metabolic blocks in phenylalaninemetabolism albinism. Genetic cause, diagnosis and treatmentof the following disorders – thalassemia and sickle cell anemia,Haemophilia, muscular dystrophy, Diabetes and hypertension.G6PD and favism – Primaquine sensitivity. Congenital defects– Critical period in fetal development - chromosome anomaliesand spontaneous absorption.

Unit – IV

Genes and mental illness; Schizophrenia and psychosis, self-multilation and Lesh Nyhan syndrome. Immunogenetics:Antibody diversity; histocompatiblity; HLA genes. Heritabilityand Environment: Twin studies and impact of environmentalfactors on heredity. DNA polymorphism – DNA profiling andapplications. Dermatoglyphics and genetic analysis.

Unit – V

Genetic counseling – Determining risk; consanguinity;Teratogen; age 35 threshold; strategies – Prenatal diagnosis:Ultrasound scanning; Amniocentesis; Chronic villus sampling;

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AFP Test; Triple test; genetic screening; options available.Management of genetic disorders: Therapeutic measures; Genetherapy; alternative reproductive technologies; stem cell therapy.Cancer and genes; protocogenes, oncogenes and artincogenes;BRAC genes.

Text Book:

1. Edlin.G. (1984) Human Genetics, Jones and Bartlettpublishers, Boston.

Reference Books

1. Elane Mangae and Mangae (1993), Human genetics.Freeman and company.

2. Ricki. L. (1994) Human Genetics. WCB Publishers.

3. Sam Singer (1985) Human Genetics, Freeman andCompany, New York.

4. Ursula Good enough (1985) Genetics. Holt Reinhartand Winstan New York.

II SEMESTER

1. Dairy FarmingUnit – I

Dairy breeds & breeding: Scope of Dairy farming – Dairy breedsof India – cattle & buffaloes – Exotic cattle breeds. Selection ofdairy cows. Systems of breeding – Hybrid vigour – grading-up,pure breeding .Merits and demerits of inbreeding and outbreeding. Anatomy and physiology of mammary gland – milksecretion and milk let-down/ejection.

Unit – II

Feeding and Nutrition: Structure of digestive system and

physiology of digestion. Importance of colostrums feeding.Common cattle feed ingredients and their nutritive values –minerals, feed additives. Fodder preservation methods- hay andsilage making. Ration formulation. Computation of balancedration.

Unit – III

Live stock diseases: Viral diseases – rinderpest, Foot and mouthdisease and cow pox. Bacterial diseases – Mastitis, Anthrax,Tuberculosis, Haemorrhagic – septicaemia, Brucellosis.Metabolic disorders – Milk fever, ketosis and bloat. A briefaccount of external and internal parasites.

Unit – IV

Dairy Technology & Marketing: Milk – composition andNutritive value – Techniques to detect milk adulteration –Spoilage of milk – pasteurization of milk – Preparation of Dahi,Butter and Ghee. Role of Co-operative societies in milkproduction& Marketing.

Unit – V

Farm management: housing and equipment for dairy cows. careand management of newborn calves – technique of producingquality milk. Structure of reproductive system and physiologyof reproduction . Artificial insemination – Semen collection,storage & insemination Techniques.

1. Text Book: G.C. Banerjee – A Text book of AnimalHusbandry – Oxford & IBH Publication, New Delhi.

Books for Reference:

1. GH Schmidt; T.D. Van Vleck, - Principles of Dairyscience – Surget Pvt. Ltd., 1982.

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2. N.S.R. Sasting or C.K.Thamos – Farm AnimalManagement – Vikas Publishing House P. Ltd., 1976.

3. Dr. A.K. Sachetic – Animal Reproduction and Artificialinsemination: NCERT, 1989.

4. M.M. Rai, - Dairy Chemistry and Animal Nutrition –Kalrant Publishers, 1985.

5. C.K.Thomas and N.S.R.Sastry, 1990.Dairy BovineProduction, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

6. ICAR, 2002 Handbook of Animal Husbandry- TheIndian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

2. Poultry science and Management

Unit – I

External features of fowls – skeletal system – digestive system– endocrine system – feathers – Respiratory system –reproductive system. Genetics of fowls: Breeds of fowls –inheritance of morphological characters (List of autosomal andsex linked character – breeding methods – systems of breeding– modern method of breeding.

Unit – II

Poultry industry in India– choosing commercial layers andbroilers – Poultry housing – deep litter and cage system-meritsand demerits.

Unit – III

Practical aspects of chick rearing –brooding management-grower and layers – management of broilers – lighting, summerwinter management – debunking.

Unit – IV

Poultry Nutrition: Energy – protein and aminoacids – Vitamins– essential organic elements – Non – nutrition feed additives –feed stuffs for poultry – feed formation.

Unit – V

Diseases: Viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic disease of poultry.Vaccines and vaccination programme.

Reference Books :

1. Gopalakrishnan C.A and G.Murley Mohan Lal 1997,Livestock and Poultry enterprises for rural development,Vikash, New Delhi.

2. Gnaanamani M.R., 1998 Modern aspects of commercialpoultry keeping, Giri.

3. Banarjee G.C., 1992 Poultry, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

4. Chauhan H.V.S. and S.Roy, Poultry diseases, diagnosisand treatment New Age International, 1996.

5. John William S. (Ed) 2003. Poultry for sustainable FoodProduction and Livelihood. Loyola Publication, Chennai.

3. Public Health and Hygiene

Unit – I

Scope of Public Health and Hygiene – Concepts of Health andDisease – History of Public Health in India. Nutrition and Health:Classification of foods – Nutritional deficiencies – Vitamindeficiencies – Balanced diet – Nutritional requirements ofspecial groups.

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Unit – II

Environment and Health: water-sources, Pollution, purification– water quality standards. Air: Ventilation – Air pollution – Noisepollution – Radiation effects – Solid waste and excreta disposal– Sewage treatment.

Unit – III

Communicable diseases: Respiratory infections: Measles,Rubella, Mumps, Diptheria. Intestinal infections: Poliomyletis,Cholera, typhoid, Amoebiasis. Arthropod infections: Malaria,Filariasis, Dengue. Zoonosis: Rabies, Plague Japaneseencephalitis. Surface infections: Tetanus, Leprosy, STD andAIDS

Unit – IV

Non-Communicable Diseases: Coronary heart Disease –Hypertension – Diabetes – Obesity – Blindness – stroke.Occupational Health Hazards: Physical, Chemical, Mechanical,Biological and Psychological. Mental health: Causes of mentalill-health-alcoholism and Drug dependence.

Unit – V

Health Education: Health planning in India – Healthprogrammes in India – WHO – Non-governmental VoluntaryHealth Organizations. First aid and Nursing: Methods –Dressing– care – Duties – Preparations.

Books for Reference:

1. Park and Park, 1995. Text Book of Preventive and SocialMedicine. M/S. Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur.

2. Verma S. 1998. Medical Zoology, Rastogi Publications,New Delhi.

ALLIED ZOOLOGY (THEORY)

Paper – IUnit – I: 16 Hours

Introduction: Invertebrata- General characters andClassification.

Protozoa – Type study: Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodiumvivax and Paramecium caudatum

Porifera – Type study :Scypha (sycon)

Coelenterata – Type study: Obelia geniculata

Platyhelminthes- Type study : Fasciola hepatica, Taeniasolium

Unit – II: 14 Hours

Annelida – Type study: Leech

Arthropoda – Type study: Prawn

Mollusca – Type study: Unio

Echinodermata – Type study: Sea star

Unit – III: 10 Hours

Chordata – General characters& Classification

Prochordates – Amphioxus – Structure and affinities

Vertebrates- Pisces- Type study : Shark

Unit – IV: 10 Hours

Amphibia- Type study: Frog. Reptilia: Calotes.

Unit – V: 10 Hours

Aves- Type study: Pigeon; Mammalia- Type study: Rabbit.

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1. Text Book: Ekambaranatha Ayyar, M and Ananthakrishnan,T.N. 1993, Outlines of Zoology, Vol.I and II, Viswanathan andCo. Madras.

Reference Books:

2. P.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami – Invertebrate Zology –S.Chand and Co. New Delhi.

3. Jordan, E.K. and P.S. Verma, 1993. Chordate Zoology,12th edition, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

ALLIED ZOOLOGY (THEORY)

Paper – II

Unit – I: 14 Hours

Cell Biology – Structure of animal cell, Mitochondria, nucleusand nucleolus and Golgi bodies. Genetics: Molecular structureof Genes – Gene concept – Gene function – Inborn errors ofmetabolism – Genetic Engineering and its applications – X andY – linked inheritance.

Unit – II: 12 Hours

Developmental Biology: Gametogenisis – Fertilization -Cleavage and gastrulation of chick.

Unit – III: 16 Hours

Human physiology: Digestion, Excretion, osmo-ionoregulation, kidney failure and transplantation. Structure of heart,Cardiac cycle, composition of blood, Blood pressure. Heartdiseases – Ischemia, Myocardial infarction, Rheumatic heartdisease, Stroke. Endocrine glands – Hormones- feedbackmechanism – Pituitary, thyroid, Islets of Langerhans, adrenal,sex organs, Gastrointestinal hormones.

Unit – IV: 10 Hours

Environmental Biology: Physico-Chemical factors –Environmental Degradation treatment methods on sewage,effluents – Green house effect.

Unit – V: 08 Hours

Evolution – Lamarkism and Neo-Lamarckism – Darwinismand Neo-Darwinism - Factors responsible for speciation.

Text book:

1. Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2010 Reprint, Cell Biology,Genetics, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Evolution andEcology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi – 110 055.

Reference books:

1. Sambasiviah, I, Kamalakara Rao, A.P. AugustineChellapa, S (1983). Text book of Animal Physiology, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi.

2. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. (1983). Animal Ecology,S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.

3. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. and Tyagi, B.S. (1991).Chordate Embryology S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.

4. Rastogi, V.B. and Jayaraj, M.S. (2000). Text book ofGenetics, Kedarnath Ramnath Publishers, Meerut.

5. T.S.Gopalakrishnan, Itta Sambasivaiah andA.P.Kamalakararao,1984 Principles of organic Evolution,Pearl publications, Chennai.

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ALLIED ZOOLOGY

PRACTICAL

I. Dissection:

Cockroach: Digestive and Nervous system

II. Mounting:

1. Mouth parts of cockroach

2. Mouth parts of Mosquito

III. Spotters:

Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium, Paramecium-Conjugation, Sycon, Obelia geniculata, Fasciola hepatica(Entire & Transverse section), Taenia solium (Entire &Transverse section), Leech (Entire & Transverse section), Freshwater mussel, Amphioxus, Shark (Placoid scale), Pigeon(feathers) and Rabbit.

PRACTICAL – 60 MARKS

1. Dissection = 25 marks

2. Mounting = 15 marks

3. Spotters = 10 marks

4. Record = 10 marks ________

Total = 60 marks ______

*************

A.C. S’12

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