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APPENDIX 2

APPENDIX 2-1. “COSTS OF A CLEANUP: SOME OAK RIDGE RESIDENTS QUESTION PRICE TAG FOR REMOVING MERCURY

FROM POLLUTED CREEK” (KNOXVILLE NEWS SENTENEL, 6/27/93, FRANK MUNGER)

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APPENDIX 2-2. “ASK INKY” QUESTION REGARDING EAST

FORK POPLAR CREEK (THE OAK RIDGER, 5/24/02)

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APPENDIX 2-3. “PART ONE: AGENCY LAW FOR REAL ESTATE PROFESSIONALS” (THE OAK RIDGER, 5/24/02, ATTORNEY

DAVID FLITCROFT)

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APPENDIX 2-4. “PART 1: RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY DISCLOSURE” (THE OAK RIDGER, 7/19/02, ATTORNEY DAVID

FLITCROFT)

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APPENDIX 2-5. “Y-12 MERCURY SAGA: HEALTH IMPACT LITTLE, CLEANUP IMPACT BIG”

(THE OAK RIDGER, 7/23/02, DICK SMYSER)

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APPENDIX 2-6. LETTER TO THE EDITOR “CHALLENGES SMYSER IN RE: COLUMN ON MERCURY SPILL” (THE OAK

RIDGER, 7/29/02, DAVID ASHCRAFT)

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APPENDIX 2-7. “PART TWO: RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY DISCLOSURE” (THE OAK RIDGER, 7/26/02, ATTORNEY DAVID

FLITCROFT)

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APPENDIX 2-8. “RESPONDS TO LETTER ON FINDING MERCURY” (THE OAK RIDGER, 8/7/02, AL BROOKS)

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APPENDIX 2-9. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ADVERTISEMENT FOR HEALTH CONCERNS FOCUS GROUP

PARTICIPANTS (THE OAK RIDGER, 8/28/02)

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APPENDIX 2-10. “BETTER PLANNING COULD PUT BRAKES ON WATER POLLUTION” (THE OAK RIDGER, 9/16/02, CATHEY

DANIELS)

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APPENDIX 2-11 “IT IS A GOOD TIME TO SELL YOUR HOUSE” (THE OAK RIDGER, 9/20/02, ATTORNEY DAVID FLITCROFT)

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APPENDIX 2-12. LETTER TO EDITOR “OBJECTS TO CONTINUED BASHING OF OAK RIDGE, EAST FORK POPLAR

CREEK” (THE OAK RIDGER, 9/24/02, AL BROOKS)

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APPENDIX 2-13. “CREEK CLEANUP TAKES STEP FORWARD” (THE OAK RIDGER, 10/8/02, CATHEY DANIELS)

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APPENDIX 2-14. “FRUSTRATION SURFACES WITH SCARBORO STUDY” (THE OAK RIDGER, 10/9/02, CATHEY DANIELS)

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APPENDIX 2-15. “DESPITE LAW, IT’S CLEAR WATER IN STATE, NATION FAR FROM CLEAN, EXPERTS REPORT” (KNOXVILLE

NEWS SENTINEL, 10/18/02, JIM BALLOCH)

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APPENDIX 2-16. LETTER TO EDITOR “CONCERNED ABOUT

SOIL SAMPLING” (OAK RIDGE OBSERVER, 2/17/05, SUSAN KAPLAN)

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APPENDIX 3. REFERENCES

1. “Aerial Radiological Surveys of ERDA’s Oak Ridge Facilities and Vicinity (Survey Period: 1973-1974),” Burson, Z.G., EG&G, Inc. for the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), 1976.

2. Aerial Radiological Measuring System Surveys conducted in 1959, 1973, 1974, 1980, and 1989.

3. “Annual Monitoring Results” (for area waterways), Tennessee Valley Authority 4. Annual State of the Creek addresses (2001 – 2004), Dr. James Loar, Oak Ridge

National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division (ESD). 5. ATSDR Toxicological Profiles http://atsdr1.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46-c2.pdf 6. Burdens of Proof,” Tim Connor, Energy Research Foundation, April 1997. 7. Cancer registries ranking http://healthyamericans.org/reports/healthtrack/ and

http://healthyamericans.org/state/cancergrade/display.php?StateID=TN 8. Centers for Disease Control Cancer Registries

www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/amendmentact.htm 9. Compendium of ATSDR activities:

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/oakridge/phact/c_4.html is 10. “Data Summary for the Near-shore Sediment Characterization Task of the Clinch

River Environmental Restoration Program,” D. A. Levine, W. W. Hargrove, K. R. Campbell, M. A. Wood, C. D. Rash, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ESD Publication 4318, October 1994.

11. Pica definition obtained from: http://webess16.micromedex.com/content/DiseaseDex/002141.htm)

12. DOE Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP): http://www.esd.ornl.gov/ BMAP/

13. DOE Fact Sheet (Summer 1991),“The Environmental Restoration Program for East Fork Poplar Creek”

14. DOE Environmental Update (Fall 1991),“Second Sampling Phase Begins at EFPC”

15. DOE Fact Sheet (Spring 1995), “Environmental Restoration Program for Lower East Fork Poplar Creek”

16. DOE Reading Room Document 980301.0114 (“Scarboro Community Study Comments and Responses”)

17. DOE Reading Room Document 990101.0031 18. Dr. Timothy Joseph, Senior Scientist DOE Oak Ridge Operations, provided

number of EFPC core samples via email (2/15/05) 19. Dr. William Taylor of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,

provided mercury and uranium releases via email (2/24/05) 20. East Fork Poplar Creek Property Owner Workshop Notebook, November, 1991,

held for the DOE Environmental Restoration Program by Radian Corp. and SAIC. 21. “East Fork Poplar Creek – Sewer Line Beltway Remedial Investigation Report,”

Prepared by SAIC for Radian Corp. and submitted to the DOE, 4/19/93. 22. EFPC sign locations on maps provided by Tennessee Department of Environment

and Conservation (TDEC)

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APPENDIX 3. REFERENCES (CONT.) 23. EPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (ORIA) responses to questions submitted

by S.A. Kaplan and other ORRHES members for the June 8, 2004, ORRHES meeting.

24. EPA/ATSDR Controversy Case Study, S.A. Kaplan, 9/04 25. “Fishing Along the Clinch River Arm of Watts Bar Reservoir Adjacent to the Oak

Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: Behavior, Knowledge, and Risk Perception,” K. Rouse Campbell et al., The Science of the Total Environment, Volume 299, Issues 1-3, 1 November 2002, Pages 145-161.

26. Freels Bend information: http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:Z_Lx0bQ0gFYJ:web.em.doe.gov/bemr96/orau.html+Freels+Bend+contamination&hl=en

27. Handouts from talk by Caroline Hay Krause entitled, “Mercury—Much Ado About Nothing?”

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/efork1/y12_toc.html 28. “Health and Ecological Risks at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Nuclear

Weapons Complex: A Qualitative Evaluation,” Tulane/Xavier Consortium for Environmental Risk Evaluation (CERE) Interim Risk Report, March 1995.

29. “Health Consultation on the Lower Watts Bar Reservoir Operable Unit,“ June 1995: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/efork3/hc_toc.html - Section 3.2.8 of ATSDR Compendium. Consultation itself not on the Internet.

30. “Inconclusive By Design” by Sanford Lewis, Brian Keating, and Dick Russell (Environmental Health Network/National Toxics Campaign Fund, 1991.

31. 1984/85 data for Oak Ridge properties that were tested for contamination. 32. Information Resources Center Fact Sheet, 920501.0047, May 1992. J.A., ORNL-5821. 33. Knoxville News Sentinel (6/28/85) “Cold War Fears Added To Pollution Of

Streams (Uranium Pollution—Our Nuclear Legacy” 34. Knoxville News Sentinel (9/27/93) “Costs of A Cleanup” 35. Knoxville News Sentinel (1/27/95) “DOE Mercury Cleanup Called Costly,

Harmful” 36. Knoxville News Sentinel (10/18/02) “Despite Law, It’s Clear Water in State,

Nation Far From Clean, Experts Report” 37. Knoxville News Sentinel (10/18/02) “Despite Law, It’s Clear Water in State,

Nation Far From Clean, Experts Report” 38. Knoxville News Sentinel (6/12/04) “Cancer Rates Scrutinized for Creek-side

Residents” (Memphis, TN) 39. Knoxville News Sentinel (10/13/04) “DOE’s Problem Solving: The Good, Bad,

and Tardy” 40. Letter from an EFPC property owner to Nelson Lingle, Chief of DOE’s Oak

Ridge Remediation Branch, 7/6/95 41. Letter from Elizabeth H. Howze, Director of the ATSDR Division of Health

Education and Promotion, 8/4/03, provided amount spent on incompleted Oak Ridge Community Health Needs Assessment.

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APPENDIX 3. REFERENCES (CONT.)

42. Memo sent by EFPC property owner to Al Robison of the Tennessee Fish and Wildlife Agency. The memo referenced the enclosure of a typed sheet summarizing the audience participation at the 1/26/95 public meeting.

43. Mercury Inventory Report, Union Carbide Corporation Nuclear Division, 1977 44. Minutes of all ORRHES meetings: www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/oakridge/) 45. NCEDR Case Study On The Decision-Making Related To The Cleanup Of

Mercury Contamination At Lower EFPC. Workshop, August 1996. 46. Oak Ridge Dose Reconstruction documents related to or referenced by this study:

- “Mercury Releases from Lithium Enrichment at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant – a Reconstruction of Historical Releases and Off-site Doses and Health Risks” (Vols. 2 and 2A of the Reports of the Oak Ridge Dose Reconstruction)

- “Oak Ridge Dose Reconstruction Project Summary Report” (Vol. 7). - “PCBs in the Environment near Oak Ridge Reservation” (Vol. 3); - “Radionuclide Releases to the Clinch River from White Oak Creek on the ORR” - “Screening-level Evaluation of Additional Potential Materials of Concern” - “Uranium Releases from the ORR” (Vol. 5);

47. Oak Ridge Employment and Housing Market Study—Looking Back to Help Choose a Path Forward,” KapLine Enterprises, Inc., May 2000.

48. Oak Ridge Planning Commission meeting minutes, 8/19/91 49. Oak Ridge Planning Commission meeting minutes, 8/30/93 50. Oak Ridge Planning Commission meeting minutes, 9/16/93 51. “ORNL, Mercury, and the Environment” (unpublished 3/13/95 report written by

Caroline Hay Krause on personal time; used with permission). 52. Personal conversations regarding “free use” of EFPC between Susan Kaplan and

Jason Darby, Water Restoration Manager (12/3/00), and David Page, former DOE Team Leader of the floodplain remediation project (8/21/02).

53. Personal documentation of the EFPC issue by a property owner. 54. Personal interviews of three EFPC property owners and one tenant. 55. PHAs for all sites nationally: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/ 56. “Power Stations Threaten People and Wildlife with Mercury Poisoning,” United

Nations Environment Programme, available at: http://www.unep.org/ Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=284&ArticleID=3204&l=en

57. Proceedings of EFPC Public Meeting on 1/26/95, p.86, 122, 130. 58. “Proposed Mercury Clean-up Level for the East Fork Poplar Creek Flood Plain

Soil,” Jan. 1995 (Evaluates 180 ppm cleanup level): http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/efork2/oak_toc.html.

59. “Public Health Assessment for Y-12 Uranium Releases,” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Appendix G, 1/30/04. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/oakridgey12/y12a.pdf

60. “Public Health Assessment for Y-12 Uranium Releases,” Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1/30/04: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/oakridgey12/y12a.pdf

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APPENDIX 3. REFERENCES (CONT.)

61. “Radiological Survey of Clinch River Public Parks and Recreational Areas from Melton Hill Dam to Kingston,” Tennessee Dept. of Environment and Conservation/DOE-Oversight, Robert Storms and Dale Rector, March 20, 1997.

62. ““Record of Decision for Lower East Fork Poplar Creek Oak Ridge, Tennessee.” DOE/OR/02-1370&D2. Prepared by Jacobs ER Team Oak. Ridge, Tennessee, under contract DE-ACO5-03OR22028. Prepared for U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Restoration And Waste Management,1995.

63. Removal of Topsoil from the Oak Ridge Civic Center Greenbelt Sewer Line,” Y/TS-61, by C.C. Hill, L.S. Jones, and M.A. Manuel.

64. “Report of Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Survey of Residents of an Eight-county Area Surrounding Oak Ridge, Tennessee,” Dr. Michael Benson, Dept. of Sociology; and Dr. William Lyons and Dr. John Scheb, Social Science Research Institute. The UT document was published on August 12, 1994, for the Tennessee Dept. of Health Division of Environmental Epidemiology, the ORHASP, and the LOC.

65. “Report to Congress on Workers’ Home Contamination Study,” U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 1995.

66. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation interview and responses to questions submitted by ITSPA.

67. Tennessee fish advisories http://www.state.tn.us.environment/wpc/publications/advisories.pdf.

68. The Nashville Tennessean (9/29/03) “Advocacy Group Gives State's Cancer Tracking System a 'D'”

69. The Nashville Tennessean (10/6/03) “Tracking Cancer Cases is Vital to Public Health”

70. The Oak Ridger (7/27/83) “Behind Mercury, Museum Probes: Inspector General” 71. The Oak Ridger (11/2/84) “EPA Unhappy With Method Used In Environmental

Sampling” 72. The Oak Ridger (5/16/85) “Mercury Two Years Later (Part 1)” 73. The Oak Ridger (5/29/85) “No Prosecution In DOE Mercury ‘Cover-Up’

Investigation” 74. The Oak Ridger (9/1/91) “Watts Bar Lake Resorts Sue Over Contamination” 75. The Oak Ridger, reprinted from the St. Petersburg (Fla) Times (8/27/92) “System

to Track U.S. Disease Would be a Bargain” 76. The Oak Ridger (4/7/93) “DOE Begins Work on Girls Inc. Field, Plans to Put

Cover Over Contamination” 77. The Oak Ridger (8/5/94) “Resort Owners at Watts Bar Settle Out of Court With

MMES” 78. The Oak Ridger (1/27/95) “Brace for Cleanup Cuts, OR is Told: Creek Cleanup

Plan Attacked at Meeting, EPA Unaccustomed to Oak Ridge-style Criticism” 79. The Oak Ridger (2/26/02) “OR Gets Clean Bill Of Health” 80. The Oak Ridger (5/24/02) “Part One: Agency Law for Real Estate Professionals”

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APPENDIX 3. REFERENCES (CONT.)

81. The Oak Ridger (5/24/02) Ask Inky question on EFPC 82. The Oak Ridger (7/19/02) “Part One: Residential Property Disclosure” 83. The Oak Ridger (7/26/02) “Part Two: Residential Property Disclosure” 84. The Oak Ridger (7/26/02) Ask Inky Question on “Citizens Guide to Oak Ridge” 85. The Oak Ridger (9/20/02) “It is a Good Time to Sell Your House” 86. The Oak Ridger (10/8/02) “Creek Cleanup Takes Step Forward” 87. The Oak Ridger (10/9/02) “Frustration Surfaces With Scarboro Study” 88. The Oak Ridger (4/7/04) “Your Views: Says Risk Statements Don’t Help Public

Understand.” Letter to the Editor by Al Brooks 89. The Oak Ridger (9/1/04) “Accidents Bring $450,000 'Fine'” 90. The Oak Ridger (11/10/04) “Remembering Dr. (Herman) Postma” 91. The Oak Ridger (11/12/04) “Wackenhut's Witch Hunt Tale” 92. “The Utility of Existing Data Sets for Conducting a CERCLA Baseline Risk

Assessment for Lower Watts Bar Reservoir: An Analysis of Quantitation Limits,” ORNL/ER-233, Martin Marietta, July 1994.

93. Title 66 Property law, Chapter 5 Conveyances of Property (www.state.tn.us/commerce/boards/trec/rulesandlaws.html/t66/t_66_ch_5.htm)

94. USA Today, 11/5/02, Article on emissions from power plants and mercury in fish. 95. “Y-12 Weapons Plant Chemical Releases into East Fork Poplar Creek” (4/5/93) (Also see Chapter 8. Technical Experts Assessment for additional references.)

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APPENDIX 4. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AEC Atomic Energy Commission ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable ARMS Aerial Radiological Measuring System ASER Annual Site Environmental Report ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry BMAP Biological and Abatement Program BSCP Background Soil Characterization Project CBD Chronic Beryllium Disease CBHM Community-based Hazard Management Program CDC Center for Disease Control CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and

Liability CF Concentration Factor CHNA Community Health Needs Assessment CMTA Citizens Monitoring and Technical Assessment COC Contaminant of Concern cpm Counts per minute CR Clinch River CRK Clinch River Kilometer CRM Clinch River Mile DCG Derived Concentration Guide DHHS Department of Health and Human Services DOE Department of Energy e.g. For example EFH Exposure Factors Handbook EFK East Fork Kilometer EFPC East Fork Poplar Creek EM Environmental Management EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPA-HQ Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters EQAB (Oak Ridge) Environmental Quality Advisory Board ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration ES&H Environment, Safety, and Health ESD (ORNL) Environmental Sciences Division ETTP East Tennessee Technology Park FACA Federal Advisory Committee Act FAMU Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University FFA Federal Facilities Agreement FOIA Freedom of Information Act FORNL Friends of Oak Ridge National Laboratory g/d Grams per day GAO Government Accountability Office GIS Geographic Information System GWU George Washington University

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APPENDIX 4. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (CONT.) HPS Health Physics Society i.e. That is IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection IG Inspector General in. Inches IRC Information Resource Center IREP Interactive Radioepidemiological Program ITSPA Institute for Technology, Social, and Policy Awareness kg/d Kilograms per day km Kilometer LEFPC Lower East Fork Poplar Creek LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LNT Linear, No Threshold LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level LOC-CAP Local Oversight Committee Citizens Advisory Panel m Meters m3 Cubic meters MED Manhattan Engineering District of the Corps. of Engineers mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram (also parts per million, ppm) mg/m3 Milligrams per cubic meter MRL Minimal Risk Level MUF Material Unaccounted For NCEDR National Center for Environmental Decision-making Research NCEH National Center for Environmental Health NCI National Cancer Institute NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements NFI No Further Investigation NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAEL No Observed adverse Effect Level NPCR National Program of Cancer Registries NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (Clean Water Act) NPL National Priorities List NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission ORAU Oak Ridge Associated Universities ORCHE Oak Ridge Committee for Higher Education ORDR Oak Ridge Dose Reconstruction ORGDP Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant ORHASP Oak Ridge Health Agreement Steering Panel ORIA (EPA) Office of Radiation and Indoor Air ORISE Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory OR Oak Ridge

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APPENDIX 4. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (CONT.) ORO Oak Ridge Operations ORR Oak Ridge Reservation ORREMSSAB Oak Ridge Reservation Environmental Management Site Specific

Advisory Board (also referred to as SSAB) ORRHES Oak Ridge Reservation Health Effects Subcommittee OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration P Primary PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PC Poplar Creek PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls pCi/g Picocuries per gram pCi/l Picocuries per liter PAH Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PHA Public Health Assessment PHAWG Public Health Assessment Work Group POGO Project On Government Oversight ppb Parts per billion ppm Parts per million RER Remediation Effectiveness Report RGO Remedial Goal Objectives RI Remedial Investigation RI/FS Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ROD Record of Decision S Secondary SAIC Science Applications International Corporation TCA Tennessee Code Annotated TCE Trichloroethylene TDEC Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation TDHE Tennessee Department of Health and Environment TEMA Tennessee Emergency Management Agency TN Tennessee TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act TVA Tennessee Valley Authority TWRA Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency U.S. United States U-234 Uranium-234 isotope U-235 Uranium-235 isotope U-238 Uranium-238 isotope UCCND Union Carbide Corporation Nuclear Division UEFPC Upper East Fork Poplar Creek µg/L Micrograms per liter USGS U.S. Geological Survey UT University of Tennessee VOC Volatile Organic Compounds