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Appearance of a Newborn

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Skin

-Color

Ruddy complexion due to the increaseconcentration of RBC in blood vessels &

decrease in amount of subcutaneous fats

Cyanosis generalized mottling in the lips,hands, and feet are likely to appear blue from

immature peripheral circulation.

Acrocyanosis bluish discoloration of hands& feet. Normal 24-48 hrs after birth

Central cyanosis or cyanosis of trunk which

indicates decreased oxygenation

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Jaundice yellowing of the skin due to

hyperbilirubinemia

Cephalhematoma is the collection of blood in

the periosteum of the skull bone

Pallorusually results from anemia

may be caused by excessive blood loss whenthe cord is cut

inadequate flow of blood from the cord to the

infant during birth fetal- maternal transfusion

low iron stores

blood incompatibility

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Harlequin sign is the bluish discoloration on

the dependent side of the fetus during lying

Birthmarks

Hemangiomas are vascular tumors of the skin

3 typesNevus Flammeus- macular purple or dark red

lession that is present at birth.

- a.k.a. port wine stainStrawberry Hemangiomas- elevated areas

formed by immature capillaries and edothelial

cells. Associated with high level of estrogen

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Cavernous Hemangiomas- dilated vascular

spaces, looks like strawberry hemangioma but

do not fades with time

Mongolian Spot- collection of pigment cells

that appear as slight gray patches across the

sacrum or buttocks and possibly on arms and

legs

Vernix Caseosa- white cream like substance

that serves as skin lubricant

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Lanugo- fine downy hair that covers the

newborns shoulder, back and upper arms

Desquamation- drying of the newborns skin

which is normal

Milia- pinpoint white papule that can be found on

the cheek or across the bridge of the nose that

disappear by 2-4 weeks of age

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Erythema Toxicum- newborn rash, due to the

eosinophils reacting to the environment as the

immune system matures

Forceps Marks- circular or linear contusion

matching the rim of the forceps

Skin turgor- Resileint= hydrated

Elevated ridge= dehydrated

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Head

Fontanelles-

Sutures- allows molding of the cranial bonesduring vaginal birth

Molding- overlapping of the cranial bones

Caput Succedaneum- edema on the scalp atthe presenting part of the head

Cephalhematoma- collection of blood

between the periosteum of the skull and thebone itself

Craniotabes- localized softening of the cranial

bones