app of motivation

8/12/2019 App of Motivation

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The Job Characteristics Model

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Five Core Job Dimensions Skill Variety: degree to which the job incorporates a

number of different skills and talents

Task Identity: degree to which the job requires the

completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Task Significance: how the job impacts the lives ofothers

Autonomy: identifies how much freedom andindependence the worker has over the job

Feedback: how much the job generates direct and

clear information about the workers performance


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How Can Jobs be Redesigned?

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Job Rotation

The shifting of an employee fromone task to another with similar skillrequirements.

Job Enrichment

The expansion of a job by increasingthe degree to which the workercontrols the planning, execution,and evaluation of the work.


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Strengths of Job Rotation

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Reduces

boredom

Increasesunderstanding

of work

contribution

Increased skills

Helpsmanagers in

scheduling


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Job EnrichmentPossible Actions

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Combine Tasks

Form Natural Work Units

Establish Client Relations

Expand Jobs Vertically

Open Feedback Channels


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Social and Physical Context of Work Social Context

Some social characteristics that improve jobperformance include:

Interdependence

Social support

Interactions with other people outside of work

Physical Context

The work context will also affect employee satisfaction

Work that is hot, loud, and dangerous is lesssatisfying

Work that is controlled, relatively quiet, and safe

will be more satisfying

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Employee Involvement

Employee involvement is a participative processthat uses employees input to increase their

commitment to the organizations success.

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Examples of Employee InvolvementPrograms

Participative Management

Representative Participation


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Using Rewards to Motivate Employees

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Although pay is not the primary factordriving job satisfaction, it is a motivator.

Establish a pay structure

Variable-pay programs


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How to Pay

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Variable-Pay Programs Piece-Rate Pay

Merit-Based Pay

Bonuses Skill-Based Pay

Profit-Sharing Plans

Gainsharing Employee Stock Ownership Plans


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Employee Recognition Programs

Employee rewards need to be intrinsic andextrinsic. Employee recognition programsare a good method of intrinsic rewards.

The rewards can range from a simple thank-you

to more widely publicized formal programs. Advantages of recognition programs are that

they are inexpensive and effective.

Some critics say they can be politically

motivated and if they are perceived to beapplied unfairly, they can cause more harm

than good.

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More Types of Variable-Pay Programs

Skill-Based Pay Pays based on the number of skills employees have or

the number of jobs they can do.

Profit-Sharing Plans

Pays out a portion of the organizations profitability. Itis an organization-wide program and is based on apredetermined formula.

Gainsharing Pays for improvements in group productivity from one

period to another. It is a group incentive plan.

Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP) Provides each employee with the opportunity to

acquire stock as part of their benefit package.

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Flexible Benefits

Flexible benefits give individual rewards byallowing each employee to choose thecompensation package that best satisfieshis or her current needs and situations.

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