API 682 e4 BALLOT DRAFT ISO 21049 FDIS (?)

Henri Azibert - Ralph Gabriel

2

Overview of API-682 First Edition

Released in October 1994

First complete seal standard

Intended to default to proven sealing solutions

3

Mission Statement

This standard is designed to default to the equipment types most commonly supplied that have a high probability of meeting the objective

of a least three years of uninterrupted service while complying with

emissions regulations.

4

Publication Dates

API 682 1st edition issued 1994

API 682 2nd edition issued July 2002

ISO 21049 issued 2004

API 682 3rd edition issued September 2004

API 682 4th edition in progress by taskforce

Approved by API

Will not be an ISO 21049 document

DIS and FDIS 21049 have been reviewed worldwide

Disagreement between ISO and API

Scheduled to be published in 1Q 2013 as an API only document

5

API 682 Taskforce

1st Edition Taskforce was refineries only

2nd and 3rd Edition Taskforce

included chemical plant representatives

included European representatives

4th Edition Taskforce

Chairman Rick Eickhoff, ExxonMobil Gordon Buck

Henri Azibert

Mike Huebner

.

6

New Concepts in 1st Edition

A different kind of Standard

Seal types

Configurations

Qualification testing

Seal selection procedure

Tutorials

7

Background for 2nd Edition

Success of the First Edition

Applications outside of refining

Applications to non-API 610 pumps

Advancements in sealing technology

Creation of an international standard (ISO 21049)

8

Overview of Changes in 2nd Edition

Expansion of scope

Separation of pump and seal standards

New seal types

Expanded seal configurations

Introduction of seal categories

Testing requirements for new seal types

New piping plans

Modified selection procedure

Lets take a look at those changes

9

New Seal Types in 2nd

Containment seals

Non-contacting dry-running

Contacting dry-running

Non-contacting liquid seals

Dry running dual seals

These new seal types often required

New designs, especially face designs

New materials

New piping plans and systems

10

Seal Arrangements in 2nd

Arrangement 1

Single seal

Arrangement 2

Dual non-pressurized seals

Expanded to include dry running containment

seals

Arrangement 3

Dual pressurized seals

Expanded to include dry running gas barrier

seals

11

Seal Categories in 2nd

Different applications may require different levels of seal sophistication

Practice during 1st Ed. was to specify modified API-682 seals

Size restrictions because of pump construction

Cost impact of 1st Ed. seals

Categories were often discussed as

API seals (normal and heavy duty)

ANSI seals

12

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

F

psig

Operating Ranges

1st Ed

13

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

F

psig

Operating Ranges 2nd vs 1st

Cat I Seals

(2nd Ed)

Cat II & III Seals

1st Ed

2nd Ed

14

3rd Edition Overview

3rd Ed API 682 was almost exactly same as 2nd

Aligned API 682 with ISO 21049

Most changes were editorial

15

Scope of Revisions to 4th

Original intent of 4th edition

Include and extend 3rd edition

Edit 3rd edition for errors and clarity

Consistency with ISO 13709 / API 610

Address comments submitted to API about 3rd Ed

Revisions

Minor

Major

New material

16

Minor revisions to 4th

Scope

ES is out-of-scope not a seal type

Organizational

More definitions

Moved qualification test details to Annex I

Described seal hierarchy

Revised data forms (essentially same data)

Technical

Plans 53A, 53B, 53C to have equal working volumes

Seal code revised

17

Major revisions to 4th

Pipe / Shipping Plugs

Clearances

Configurations

Piping Plans

Qualification test details

Forms revised

Tutorials expanded

18

Current Status

As of February 2013 Completed the API and ISO DIS and FDIS reviews

FDIS comments received but disagreement between ISO and API

A ballot has been submitted to API Member

Ballot comments were received and responded to in December of 2012

Publication date is expected in early 2013

Lets look at the details

19

Scope Section 1

Sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps used in the

petroleum, natural gas and chemical industries

It is applicable mainly for hazardous, flammable and/or toxic services

where a greater degree of reliability is required for the reduction of

both emissions to the atmosphere and life-cycle sealing costs.

It covers seals for pumps with diameters from 20 mm (0.75 in to 110

mm (4.3 in).

Applicable to new and retrofitted pumps per ISO 13709 (API 610) and

ASME B73.1 and ASME B73.2, and API 676. (No longer reference to

ISO 3069)

20

Definitions Section 3

The longer, more involved definitions have been moved from Section 3

into the general body of the standard. For example, the definitions of

Arrangements, Categories and Types have been moved into Section 4.

The Type A and B seals are no longer defined as having rotating flexible

elements and Type C is not defined as having a stationary flexible element.

Instead, the design choice of having the flexible element rotate or remain

stationary is independent and said to be technically equivalent.

The definitions have been revised to be more consistent with terms that

are used in the industry in general. Yet some traditions are hard to break

through; for example the definitions of seal ring and mating ring were

essentially retained even though in some designs the very same physical

seal ring can either be a seal ring or a mating ring.

21

Section 4 - Sealing Systems Seal Hierarchy

22

Section 4 - Sealing Systems Configurations

Three Arrangements

Single

Dual unpressurized

Dual pressurized

Interface

Contacting

Non contacting

Liquid vs. gas

Throttle bushing type

23

Generic Figures

24

General Section 5

Definitely minor changes

Addition of parentheses around customary units

Lets go to some important changes in

Section 6 Design Requirements

25

Pipe plugs

Previous editions required metal pipe plugs in gland plate

Same plug material as gland plate material

No PTFE tape or anti-seize compound

Anaerobic lubricant / sealant

Changed to plastic shipping plug

International red plug with yellow tag

Metal pipe plugs bagged and shipped with cartridge

26

Shipping Plugs

Plastic shipping plugs

Warning tag required

27

Major Change: Clearances

1st, 2nd, 3rd Ed specified clearances for

Fluid volume (thinking of seal OD to seal

chamber)

Pumping ring (thinking of pumping ring OD to

seal chamber)

Bushing (thinking of bushing ID to sleeve OD)

4th edition added specifications for sleeve OD to stationary parts

28

Clearances

Clearances are based on shaft diameter

Minimum Clearances

outside of rotating part to inside of chamber or gland

Outside of a seal part to inside of another seal part

Outside of a circulation device to inside of gland

Outside of a rotating part to inside of a containment

fixed bushing (Containment Seals configurations)

Maximum clearances

Outside of sleeve to inside of floating bushing

Outside of sleeve to inside of fixed bushing

Examine the table of clearances

29

Clearances

(shown as radial clearance)

This clearance is primarily for fluid presence

30

Clearances

(shown as radial

clearance)

This clearance is to prevent

rubbing

- new, not previously specified

31

Clearances

(shown as radial

clearance)

This clearance is to prevent rubbing

Variations

1st: 6mm (0.25 in)

2nd, 3rd: 3mm (0.125 in)

32

Clearances

Variations

1st: NA

2nd, 3rd: 3mm (0.125 in)

(shown as radial clearance)

This clearance is to provide isolation

33

Clearances

Throttle bushing clearances are unchanged from 3rd Ed

34

Clearances

35

Clearances with Caution

The intent of setting minimal clearances should in no way be construed

as implying that any seal component can be used to restrict shaft

movement in the event of bearing failure or other machinery or operation

problem.

The importance of having sufficient design clearance to ensure adequate

reliability and personal safety in hazardous, toxic and flammable services

is paramount.

Diametral clearances may be compromised in the event of the following

scenarios:

Wear of shaft bearings beyond their design limits

Operation of the pump beyond its allowable operating range

Existing pumps that have damaged, corroded or worn parts that control the radial location of the shaft to the casing.

36

Clearances with Caution

These minimal clearances will be adequate in equipment that is built and/or maintained to the specifications of ISO 13709 and ANSI B73.

For other equipment built, repaired, or operated to different specifications these clearances might not be sufficient. Larger clearances should be considered for:

Pump designs unable to conform to ISO 13709, API 610,

ISO 21049, API 682 and ANSI B73.1 and B73.2.

Pumps installed with mounting and flange strain, from

connecting pipe-work, beyond the recommended limits

of those standards

37

Clearances with Caution

These minimal clearances are to prevent contact between

rotary and stationary parts, but internal clearances in dual

seals also need to be sufficient to insure proper circulation of

the barrier/buffer fluid and cooling of the seal faces

This is particularly important in face to back configuration

where barrier/buffer fluid circulation to the inner seal is

inherently physically remote from the connections. Inadequate

cooling of the inner seal can result in reduced seal reliability.

Selection of 3CW-BB or FF configuration or use of process

fluid seal chamber cooling may resolve an inner seal cooling

problem.

38

Less Prescription

An example of being less specific is found in the requirement for

positive retention of seal components under reverse pressure

conditions (either vacuum or internal vs. external pressure).

The new edition now provides alternative figures and lists them as

examples of such designs.

KEY 1 retaining feature

Dbi Dm Dbo

a) Positive retention b) Pressure retention (with L-shaped mating ring)

39

Less Prescription

Another example of making recommendations more generic is

found in the section about distributed flush. The figures are

shown for rotating as well as stationary seals and it is clearly

stated that:

These are only examples other configurations may be used.

a) Rotating flexible element

b) Rotating flexible element

c) Stationary flexible element

40

More emphasis on configurations

Almost any configuration is OK

F-B, F-F, B-B is OK

Rotating or stationary springs are equivalent

Configurations must be tested

More designs are recognized for pumping rings and outlets. Performance is verified through performance testing.

Tangential outlets are no longer specifically listed as preferred.

Configurations Section 7

41

Configurations

A change has been made to the specification for throttle bushings.

A fixed bushing is now only for category 1 (previously it was for categories 1 and 2)

Floating bushings are required for categories 2 and 3.

In addition, segmented carbon bushings are now an option for Category 2 and Category 3 seals

42

Seal Configurations

43

Accessories Section 8

Filling, Venting, and Draining

Pipe and Tubing Specifications

Components

Air and Water Coolers

Strainers

Cyclone Separators

Flow Control Orifices

Reservoirs 3 & 5 gallon minimum

Accumulator Sizes Plan 53B

Piston Accumulators Plan 53C

Collection Reservoirs Plan 65A/B & Plan 75

Gas Panels Plan 72 & 74

44

Instrumentation Section 9

In general, transmitters will replace switches!

Local indicators

To get switches they must be specified!

Output signal type

Indicating or non-indicating

Analogue or digital

Housing and power supply requirements

45

INSPECTION TESTING PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT

Section 10

46

Test Requirements

Type testing Individual seal testing

Testing

Fluids

Sizes

Steady state /Cyclic Seal types

Seal arrangements

Qualification

- Dual

Cartridge

Integrity

Air test

- Single

Hydrostatic testing

- Seal chambers

- Heat exchangers

Component Integrity

- Gland plates

- Reservoirs

Pump

performance

test

OEM

47

Testing

Qualification tests have existed since 1st Ed

Details of qualification testing moved to Annex I & updated

Assembly integrity test retained in Section 10

Reorganized sub-section

No change in details

If glands are made from bar stock they dont necessarily need to be

hydrotested

48

Data Transfer Section 11

Forms from Annex C & Annex E

Other documents as specified in the order

Inspector Checklist Annex H

49

Annexes

Many details are in the Annexes

Some are Informative

Some are Normative

Contents

A - Seal selection - Informative

B - Materials - Informative

C - Data sheets - Informative

D - Seal codes - Informative

E - Data requirement forms Normative

F - Tutorial - Informative

G - Piping plans - Normative

H - Inspector checklist - Informative

I - Qualification testing - Normative

50

Annex A: Seal Selection

Informative

Summaries of Categories 1, 2, 3 Arrangements 1, 2, 3 Seal types A, B, C Engineered Seal Design

Seal selection Tutorial Tables Logic diagrams

Piping Plans Brief Tutorial tied to selection sheets

51

Alternate Selection Method

Proposed by Michael Goodrich, 2010

Risk Based Pump-Seal Selection Guideline Complementing ISO 21049 / API 682

Selects seal arrangement

Based on

UN Globally Harmonized System Hazard Codes

OSHA Globally Harmonized System of Classification &

Labeling of Chemicals

Material Safety Data Sheets

Presented at 2010 Pump Symposium

Compares favorably to choices made by experienced engineers

52

Seal Selection Logic

53

Materials Annex B

Content and tables expanded to be more global

More tutorial in nature

Much more information on Seal Face Materials, Elastomers, and Bushings

54

Datasheets Annex C

Datasheets are entirely new

If an option is allowed by the standard then the choice must be

included on the datasheet

Two pages

Variations of the form are OK

Must include same information

55

Datasheet Details

56

Seal Codes - Annex D

Informative

8 position segment code

Different from 1, 2, 3 Edition

Different from API 610

But uses some of the old material codes F = fluoroelastomer

N = carbon vs reaction bonded silicon carbide

etc

API 682 reclaims custody of old API 610 code

Example: BSTFL

Old 610 code is still obsolete

57

4th Edition Seal Code

1 2 A P F O 050 11/52

Type

Arrangement

Category

Faces

Gaskets

Containment

Shaft Size

Piping Plan

58

Data Requirement Forms - Annex E

Annex J, 3rd Ed was moved/combined into Annex E

Two Data Requirement Forms

Inquiries and Proposals

Contracts

59

Technical Tutorial Annex F

Seal Leakage

Vapor Pressure Margins

Calculations

Piping Plans

Set Screw holding power

Etc.

60

Plan 53B Details

Annex F includes details and calculations for 53B

61

Piping Plans

Think Piping Plan not Flush Plan

Pipe and tubing

Single and dual seals

Symbol Library

PI = Pressure Indicator

PIT = Pressure Transmitter with Local Indicator

Combined descriptions, schematics and illustrations

Piping plan figures do not specify features such as

Throttle bushings

Connections and locations, etc

Rotating, stationary, configuration, etc

See other clauses for features other than piping schematics

62

New Piping Plans

Plan 03

no piping

special seal chamber promotes circulation

Plan 55

external pump for Arrangement 2 buffer fluid

Plan 65 B

Leakage detection and collection for Arrangement 1

Plan 66 A/B

Leakage detection and routing for Arrangement 1

(See Clause 7.1.2.3)

Plan 99

Engineered piping plan not defined by other plans

63

Piping Plan 11

Most popular piping

plan

Used here as example

Piping schematic

Seal illustration

Text

64

Plan 03

Internal circulation from shape of seal chamber

65

Plan 55

Dual unpressurized seals -> Arrangement 2 (Tandem Seals)

External

Source

Flush to inner seal is

not part of Plan 55

Plan 55

66

Plan 65A B

Atmospheric leakage collection and detection

Drain Connection on bottom!

Valve instead of orifice

67

Plan 66A

Single seals Leakage management Leakage detection

PIT

to leakage disposal

Two throttle bushings

68

Plan 66B

Single seals Leakage management Leakage detection

PIT to leakage disposal

One throttle bushing Floating Type

5 Drilled Plug in 4

69

Inspectors Checklist Annex H

70

Qualification Testing

Liquid seals No changes for FB configurations

Different test for BB and FF

Containment seals Gas matched to test liquid

71

Qualification Test Concepts

Dynamic (3600 rpm)

Base point pressure and temperature

Steady state for 100 hours minimum

Static

Cyclic

simulated upset cycles

Final Static Test

72

Organization of Testing

73

Organization of Testing

Complete matrix of tests would be about 4000 tests!

All seals, arrangements, configurations, etc are not tested in all

fluids

Configurations are mapped into the test plan

74

Qualification Tests Non-Specifics

Fixed throttle bushings

Dynamic secondary seal material

Except durometer for O-rings

Static secondary seal material

External pumps (Plan 54)

75

Qualification Test Conditions

76

Seal Sizes for Testing

Based on balance diameter

Previously nominal 2 and 4

Cat 1 seals typically smaller

Changed to

Cat 1 1.5 to 2 3 to 4

Cat 2 and 3 2 to 3 4 to 5

77

Face Materials Qualification

Normally two seal sizes are tested

Additional materials may be qualified with one test

Tested with large seal size

Tested against a previously qualified material

A B A and B qualified by testing small and large sizes

C C qualified for use with B by testing only large size

D D qualified for use with A by testing only large size

C D C and D not qualified for use together

78

EPA Method 21 Emissions Monitoring

Clarifications needed for API 682:

Method 21 is a manual method intended for use in the field

Seal OEMs use data acquisition systems during qualification testing

Changes

Use Method 21 as a reference

No changes to the 1000 ppm criteria

79

Questions ?