Handout 2

Anti-Piracy Defense Course Competencies to be achieved

• General knowledge of piracy and pirate attacks

• International guidance, rules and best practice

• Be able to assess onboard risks, consequence & vulnerabilities

• Monitoring & controlling access underway, at anchor and in the

berth

• Methods of detection, deterrence & response to piracy attacks

• Setting up the ship for possible confrontation

• Radar & Advanced CCTV watch in high impact areas

• Vessel lockdown and crew accountability

• Conducting anti piracy training & drills

• Surviving a hostage situation, taking prisoners and how to deal with other difficult situation related to piracy attacks

• Knowledge to amend and understand the SSP

Handout 3

IMSN Regional Intelligence Assessment:

APDC Nigeria Brief Overview Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country with 149,229,090 people – ranked 8th in the world. It is also relatively young with over 90% of the population under 64. 50% of the country lives in relative poverty. The Niger Delta is extremely oil-rich the country’s major exports are thus oil and natural gas. They were the 6th largest oil exporter in the world in 2009 and the largest oil producer in Africa in 2009. A great deal of resentment is directed towards foreign oil companies due to the low returns many Nigerians see on oil profits. Nigeria is not as popular in the media as Somalia but it is more dangerous due to a higher likelihood of violence toward crew members. Maritime Briefing Nigeria is 62nd in the world in merchant marine size with 69 vessels. 3 are foreign owned and 34 are registered under other flags (including 10 flying a Panamanian flag). The break down of the fleet is as follows: 4 cargo, 12 chemical tankers, 1 combination ore/oil, 2 liquefied gas, 1 passenger/cargo, 46 petroleum tankers, 2 specialized tankers. Nigeria has 853 km of coastline with three major ports at Lagos, Calabar and Bonny Inshore Terminal. They also have 8,600 km of waterways – 15th in the world. Nigeria operates the largest Navy in Africa, however in 2009, they were largely unwilling or unable to provide notable assistance in many pirate attacks. They are extremely under-funded and under-manned. In early 2010, the United States offered assistance in the form of anti-piracy and anti-terrorism training.

Piracy The IMB reported 28 attacks in Nigeria in 2009 but also disclosed that at least 30 confirmed attacks went unreported. Nigeria had the third most attacks in the world behind Somalia and the Gulf of Aden. Sources in Nigeria indicate that there could be up to 12 to 14 attacks a week. In 2009, there were 61 hostages taken and 7 kidnapped. 44 incidents of injury were recorded in Nigeria. Several people have already been killed as a result of attacks in 2010. The Port of Lagos was the second most dangerous in the world with 15 reported incidents. Of 21 successful attacks in 2009, 11 of the ships were anchored, 5 were berthed and 6 were steaming. Pirates frequently target vessels carrying supplies or personnel to oil rigs or otherwise conducting oil company business. Pirates have also targeted rigs. An attack in June 2009 stopped production at a Royal Dutch Shell offshore rig. Shell shut down three pumping stations in January 2010 after a pipeline was sabotaged. Piracy is largely a function of resentment towards foreign companies and the poverty experienced by many Nigerians. Pirates can be unaffiliated or part of organized militias such as the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND). Other Sources

“The International Maritime Board reports any movement against ships on the Gulf of Aden, but you don’t have the same data from the Gulf of Guinea,” says J. Peter Pham, Africa program director for the National Committee on American Foreign Policy, a New York think tank. “There are fishing boats attacked at dockside or close to shore, which don’t meet the definition of piracy on the high seas, and if you add all that, the number of attacks certainly would be equal to those off Somalia.””

http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2010/0115/Pirates-take-new-territory-West-African-Gulf-of-Guinea

(NYT, 2008) Nine heavily armed men in a speedboat attacked the trawler, and the boat’s cook was shot in the stomach. He bled to death while the pirates, who had boarded the boat, ate, took naps and stole everything that was not welded down. “There were attacks before, but it’s the worst now,” said Geoffrey, the captain of the Mareena 1, who gave only his first name out of fear of reprisals. “Formerly, we had hijackings and they would steal everything, but now they attack and they are shooting and taking lives.” http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/12/world/africa/12lagos.html

“Nigeria – The gleaming Nigerian naval patrol boat heaved across the rough waters of the Atlantic Ocean in search of pirates. Beyond the crisp white hull, however, crew members in cheap sandals manned machine guns whose ammunition had rusted in the chambers. And a computer-guided gun on the bow had no ammo at all.

This is the first line of defense against growing piracy off West Africa.”

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100330/ap_on_re_af/af_west_africa_piracy;_ylt=Aty_WTSPiIBlKYP6ztCescKs0NUE;_ylu=X3oDMTNwNXAxdThvBGFzc2V0A2FwLzIwMTAwMzMwL2FmX3dlc3RfYWZyaWNhX3BpcmFjeQRjY29kZQNtb3N0cG9wdWxhcgRjcG9zAzQEcG9zAzEEcHQDaG9tZV9jb

2tlBHNlYwN5bl9oZWFkbGluZV9saXN0BHNsawN3aXRocnVzdHlhbW0-

Implications of bomb attacks in Nigeria’s oil delta – Reuters Q & A

http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE62E1A520100315

Nigeria’s Shadowy Oil Rebels (BBC Profile on MEND -2006)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4732210.stm

Handout 4

DATE: May 12, 2009 14:49:42 EST FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Office of Public Affairs U.S. Coast Guard

News Release

Date: May 12, 2009

Contact: Lt. Cmdr. Chris O'Neil (202) 372 - 4635

Coast Guard issues Maritime Security Directive 104-6 WASHINGTON — The U.S. Coast Guard issued a maritime security directive Monday in response to the rise in piracy in the waters of the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa and in light of recent pirate attacks on U.S. flagged vessels. Maritime Security Directive 104-6 (rev. 2) issued by the Coast Guard under the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2004 provides the maritime industry with specific, risk-based measures to take to deter, detect or disrupt piracy. Prior to entering high risk waters, U.S. flagged vessels should establish an anti-piracy plan that includes the hardening of rigging and operating vessels in a manner to prevent attacks and subsequent boarding. Ships shall also use established transit lanes, erratic ships maneuvering, increased speed and cooperation with military forces patrolling the area. During transits through high-risk areas, it is the ship’s responsibility to maintain a vigilant anti-piracy watch and ensure all shipboard anti-piracy precautions are in force.

Vessel security plans for U.S. flagged vessels that operate in high risk waters must have security protocols for terrorism, piracy, and armed robbery against ships that meet the performance standards in this directive by May 25. An annex to the directive provides further specific measures required for vessels transiting in the Horn of Africa and Gulf of Aden high risk waters. All vessel security plans must be approved by the U.S. Coast Guard.

"Piracy presents a multi-faceted threat to the United States, our international partners and the maritime industry and the seafarers who make their living on the global maritime transportation system," said Rear Adm. Brian Salerno, assistant commandant for marine safety, security and stewardship. "The Coast Guard has a unique role to play in response to this threat and we remain committed to working with our governmental, defense and industry partners to bring pirates to justice and to help provide for the safety of mariners upon the high seas."

In addition to working with the maritime industry to help vessel owners and operators develop plans to deter, detect and respond to acts of piracy, the Coast Guard is actively engaged in counter piracy operations under Combined Task Force 151, in which Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachments and cutters are working with the U.S. Navy to deter piracy and apprehend criminals. Coast Guard units, working with U.S. Navy Visit Board search and Seizure teams, have made four interdictions, resulting in the apprehension of 30 suspected pirates.

###

Handout 5

Pirate Tactics

Handout 6

IMB Piracy Reporting Centre Before 1992, shipmasters and ship operators had nowhere to turn to when their ships were attacked, robbed or hijacked either in port or out at sea. Local law enforcement either turned a deaf ear, or chose to ignore that there was a serious problem in their waters. The International Maritime Bureau aware of the escalating level of piracy, wanted to provide a free service to the seafarer and established the 24 hour IMB Piracy Reporting Centre (PRC) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The main objective of the PRC is to be the first point of contact for the shipmaster to report an actual or attempted attack or even suspicious movements thus initiating the process of response. The main aim of the PRC is to raise awareness within the shipping industry, which includes the shipmaster, ship-owner, insurance companies, traders, etc, of the areas of high risk associated with piratical attacks or specific ports and anchorages associated with armed robberies on board ships. The PRC works closely with various governments and law enforcement agencies and is involved in information sharing in an attempt to reduce and ultimately eradicate this crime. The IMB Piracy Reporting Centre is funded by voluntary contribution. Without this contribution the PRC could not function. If you would like to make a donation or contribution towards the funding of the centre please contact IMB. If you wish to report an piratical incident or armed robbery please contact the 24-hour Piracy Reporting Centre: Tel: + 60 3 2078 5763 Fax: + 60 3 2078 5769 Telex: MA34199 IMBPCI E-mail: imbkl@icc-ccs.org / piracy@icc-ccs.org 24 Hours Anti Piracy HELPLINE Tel: + 60 3 2031 0014